The effects of alcohol consumption on fetal craniofacial development during gestation: a systematic review/ Os efeitos do consumo de álcool no desenvolvimento craniofacial fetal durante a gestação: uma revisão sistemática

The present study used evidence-based dentistry (EBD) to identify clinical studies that described the effects of alcohol on fetal craniofacial development and qualitatively analyze the results found via this systematic review. This systematic review followed the guidelines “Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” (MOOSE). As a research strategy, several medical and scientific platforms were chosen, in which studies were sought using keywords defined from medical subject headings (MeSH), following the criterion of choosing keywords that were most related to the proposed theme. A total of 278 studies (116 studies in humans and 162 studies in animals) were identified and, after screening and analysis based on the inclusion criteria, twenty-six observational studies in humans were chosen for the configuration of this systematic review. Studies have reported fetal alterations related to alcohol consumption by mothers such as in the head shape and size, thin upper lip, hypoplastic philtrumbone, short palpebral fissures, micrognathia, flat nasal bridge, among others. These were more often found in patients whose mothers were alcoholics or those who had ingested high doses of alcohol, especially during the first trimester of gestation. Based on the analysis of the results, the impact of maternal alcohol consumption on fetal craniofacial development was evidenced and, as such, these complications can be harmful to the quality of life of the patient, both in childhood and in adulthood, as well as leading to lifelong sequelae. The results also suggest that to avoid craniofacial anatomical abnormalities related to alcohol, the best course of action is to stop alcohol consumption completely or at least reduce it to a minimum level before conception

Relationship between -889 C/T polymorphism in interleukin-1A gene and risk of chronic periodontitis : evidence from a meta-analysis with new published findings

Periodontitis results from an inflammatory response caused by accumulative microorganisms in periodontal sites. Several factors are involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis, for example the -889 C/T polymorphism in interleukin-1A gene. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between this polymorphism and risk of development of chronic periodontitis by a meta-analysis based in new published findings. Thereunto a review in literature was performed in the electronic biomedical and education databases (Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and PubMed) to studies published before August 2, 2015, the abstracts were evaluated and the data extraction performed by two calibrated examiners. The calculations of the meta-analysis were obtained through statistical software Review Manager version 5.2 with calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), heterogeneity (I²) and Funnel plots with P <0.05. In overall, twenty-one case/control studies were selected with 2,174 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1, 756 controls. The meta-analysis showed T allele was associated with chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.36, P = 0.0004) with decreased value to heterogeneity (I² = 15%, P = 0.28). TT genotype was associated to patients with chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.83, P = 0.01). No publication bias was found in this meta-analysis by asymmetry in Funnel plots. This meta-analysis with 2,174 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1, 756 controls evidenced the -889 C/T polymorphism is associated to risk of development of chronic periodontitis with no significant value to heterogeneity to allelic evaluation

Genetic Factors and the Risk of Periodontitis Development: Findings from a Systematic Review Composed of 13 Studies of Meta-Analysis with 71,531 Participants

Purpose. This work aimed to synthesize the results of recent meta-analysis focusing on polymorphism in inflammatory mediators and its relation with the risk of periodontitis development. Materials and Methods. A systematic search was conducted using databases for publications prior to October 2016. Three examiners extracted data from articles with a clear association between polymorphisms in the inflammatory mediator gene and the development of periodontitis through meta-analysis using the fixed or randomized statistical models to calculate the Odds Ratio with values of P<0.05 considered significant. Results. A total of 13 meta-analysis articles with 25 polymorphisms in seven interleukins (IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18), three cellular receptors (Fcγ receptors: FCGR2A, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B), and five inflammatory mediators (COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9), with a total of 71,531 participants, approaching different classifications of the disease. Conclusion. The study demonstrated that polymorphisms in the IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-10, MMP-3 (chronic form), and MMP-9 (chronic form) polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of developing periodontitis, whereas other polymorphisms in the IL-4, IL-8, IL-18, Fcγ, COX-2, MMP-2, MMP-3 (aggressive), MMP-8, and MMP-9 (aggressive) polymorphisms had no significant association with risk of developing periodontitis

EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE CARGA NO TRONCO SOBRE A MARCHA DE UM SUJEITO COM ATAXIA

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as alterações sobre a cinemática da marcha após a adição de carga no tronco de um sujeito com ataxia. A avaliação da marcha foi realizada sem e com o uso de colete (modelo A e B). Para a obtenção dos dados referentes às variáveis estudadas foi utilizado o sistema de cinemetria VICON Os principais resultados encontrados apontam que para a situação com o colete A houve um menor tempo de apoio simples e um maior tempo de apoio duplo em comparação a situação sem colete. Já em relação à velocidade da marcha podemos notar que a velocidade foi maior na situação com o colete B. Por outro lado na situação sem colete o sujeito teve um comprimento de passo maior e uma largura do passo menor. Conclui-se que a adição de carga no tronco da forma utilizada neste estudo não se mostrou benéfica para a marcha.Descritores: Marcha; Ataxia; Equipamentos de Autoajuda; Aparelhos Ortopédicos

Relationship between the rs333 Polymorphism in the CC Chemokine Receptor Type Five (CCR5) Gene and Immunological Disorders: Data from a Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), periodontitis and Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) are multifactorial diseases, one of the factors in the course of these diseases is the rs333 polymorphism in the CC chemokine receptor type five (CCR5) gene. However, the results remain contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the relation between this polymorphism and the aforementioned conditions. Material and Methods: A search in the literature was performed in diverse scientific and medical databases for studies published before June 22, 2020. The data were extracted from the studies and the statistical evaluation was performed by the calculations of statistical heterogeneity (I²), Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% of Confidence Intervals (CI) and publication bias. The values of P&lt;0.05 were considered as significant for all calculations. Results: 19 articles with 21 case/control studies in 4,304 case patients and 3,492 controls were included. The meta-analysis showed a non-significant association among the rs333 polymorphism and IBD (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.91-1.20, P = 0.51), periodontitis (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.64-1.17, P = 0.34) or SLE (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.56-1.80, P = 1.00) under the allelic model or for any other performed calculation. There were no obvious publication bias in the analyses. Conclusion: In conclusion, this current meta-analysis evidenced the non-significant relation among the rs333 polymorphism and the risk of IBD, periodontitis or SLE. Further studies are required to validate our data

Función percibida en el diseño automotriz: identificación de autos deportivos a partir de elementos estéticos

This study discusses the aesthetic concepts of sports cars and analyzes the influence of aesthetic perception on them. 109 individuals participated in the study, distributed into groups (enthusiast, semi-enthusiast, and non-enthusiast). A Semantic Differential was applied in order to evaluate the aesthetic characteristics of six sports cars. Results show that, in general, no significant differences were found (p &gt; 0.05) between the cars regarding the “sportiness” item. It was found that, regardless of the level of enthusiasm, aesthetic standards directly influence the user’s perception.Este estudio discute los conceptos estéticos de los autos deportivos y analiza la influencia de la percepción estética en ellos. Participaron en el estudio 109 individuos, distribuidos en grupos (entusiasta, semi-entusiasta y no-entusiasta). Se aplicó un Diferencial Semántico para evaluar las características estéticas de seis autos deportivos. Los resultados muestran que, en general, no se encontraron diferencias significativas (p &gt; 0.05) entre los autos en cuanto al ítem “deportividad”. Se encontró que, independientemente del nivel de entusiasmo, los estándares estéticos influyen directamente en la percepción del usuario.O presente estudo discorre sobre os conceitos estéticos de automóveis esportivos e analisa a influência da percepção estética para o produto. Participaram 109 indivíduos, distribuídos em grupos (entusiasta, semi-entusiasta e não entusiasta). Para a análise foi aplicada a técnica de Diferencial Semântico, possibilitando avaliar as características estéticas de seis automóveis esportivos. Os resultados apontam que, de maneira geral, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p &gt; 0.05) quanto ao quesito “esportividade”. Constatou-se que, independentemente do nível de entusiasmo, os padrões formais influenciam diretamente na percepção do usuário

One or two ligatures inducing periodontitis are sufficient to cause fatty liver

Periodontitis is a chronic disease that due to an intense inflammatory response triggers systemic changes such as hepatic alterations. This study aimed to compare hepatic damage in rats that received experimental periodontitis at one or two periodontal sites with ligatures. Eighteen rats were separated into three groups: control, without ligature; periodontitis 1, with one ligature; and periodontitis 2, with two ligatures. The following parameters were assessed: gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility, alveolar bone loss, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in periodontal tissue; histopathological evaluation of hepatic tissue (steatosis score); glutathione levels (GSH), MDA, MPO, cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver; and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Periodontal evaluation data showed that the periodontitis model worked well. The groups with periodontitis did not differ significantly in relation to MPO activity and MDA levels in the gingival samples, but they were significantly different when compared with the control group. Steatosis was observed in the histological analysis of the groups with periodontitis, but between the periodontitis groups, two ligatures did not cause increase in steatosis score. The levels of GSH, MDA, total cholesterol and triglycerides in the hepatic tissue were not altered between groups with periodontitis, but they showed significant differences in comparison with the control group. The activity of MPO in hepatic tissue and serum levels of AST and ALT did not present significant difference among the three groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that one or two ligatures inducing periodontitis were both sufficient to cause fatty liver. Steatosis caused by two ligatures did not present larger extension and severity than steatosis caused by one ligature

Perennial sourgrass control in full flowering growth stage

O capim-amargoso é uma planta de difícil controle devido as suas características vegetativas de sobrevivência e pela sua resistência ao glyphosate. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de diversos graminicidas no controle do capim-amargoso perenizado em pleno florescimento. Para isso foram instalados dois experimentos a campo, sendo que no experimento 1 foram testados 4 graminicidas associados ao glyphosate, em aplicação única no qual foi avaliado as porcentagens de controle aos 14 e 28 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Já no experimento 2 foram aplicados 17 tratamentos (aplicação A) e após 35 dias realizada a aplicação sequencial de clethodim + glyphosate (Aplicação B), nesse experimento foram avaliadas as porcentagens de controle aos 14, 28 e 35 DAA de A e B, assim como a massa seca das plantas de capim-amargoso após a última avaliação de controle. No experimento 1 não se obteve controle satisfatório das plantas de capim-amargoso perenizado com nenhum dos tratamentos utilizados. No experimento 2, os resultados antes da aplicação sequencial (B) não foram eficientes no controle do capim-amargoso, entretanto aos 35 dias após aplicação B, os tratamentos com as doses de haloxyfop-methyl a partir de 100 g i.a. ha-1 associado ao herbicida clethodim + glyphosate (Aplicação B) foram eficientes no seu controle com consequente diminuição da massa seca. Conclui-se que a aplicação única de graminicidas não foi eficaz no controle do capim-amargoso em pleno florescimento, sendo necessário a aplicação sequencial (A + B) para promover o controle adequado.The sourgrass is a difficult plant to control, because the vegetative survival characteristics and mainly because the glyphosate resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of grass herbicides to control the perennial sourgrass in full flowering growth stage. It were installed two field experiments, in the first experiment, it was tested 4 graminicides in a single application and rate the percentage of control at 14 and 28 DAA. In the second experiment, it was applied 17 treatments (application A) and after 35 days it was sprayed the sequential application using clethodim + glyphosate (Application B), in this experiment it was evaluated the percentage of control at 14, 28 and 35 days of the first (A) and the second application (B), as well the dry biomass. In the first experiment, none treatment provided acceptable control using the single application. In the second experiment, the results showed that the first application also were not effective to control the sourgrass, however 35 days after the sequential application (B), the treatment using haloxyfop-methyl at 100 g a.i ha-1 associated with herbicide clethodim were efficient to control perennial sourgrass and consequently decreased their dry weight. The results showed that only one application of graminicides was not effective to control perennial sourgrass at full flowering, being necessary a sequential application (A + B) to efficiently provide the complete control at this growth stage

Genetic Variants in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Bayesian Approach and Systematic Review.

A number of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and meta-analyses of genetic variants have been performed in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. We reinterpreted previous studies using false-positive report probability (FPRP) and Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP). This study searched publications in PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) up to February 2018. Identification of noteworthy associations were analyzed using FPRP and BFDP, and data (i.e., odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), p-value) related to significant associations were separately extracted. Using filtered gene variants, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and protein⁻protein interaction (PPI) networks were performed. Overall, 241 articles were identified, and 7 were selected for analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered by GWASs were shown to be noteworthy, whereas only 27% of significant results from meta-analyses of observational studies were noteworthy. Eighty-five percent of SNPs with borderline p-values (5.0 × 10-8 < p < 0.05) in GWASs were found to be noteworthy. No overlapping SNPs were found between PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA vasculitis. GO analysis revealed immune-related GO terms, including "antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II", "interferon-gamma-mediated (IFN-γ) signaling pathway". By using FPRP and BFDP, network analysis of noteworthy genetic variants discovered genetic risk factors associated with the IFN-γ pathway as novel mechanisms potentially implicated in the complex pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis