Feminicídio contra mulheres negras nos municípios paraenses narrado pela mídia no ano de 2022

A violência sofrida por mulheres pode ser chamada de violência doméstica ou violência de gênero, que atinge mulheres em todas as regiões do mundo e tem sua origem em diversos fatores, sejam biológicos, econômicos, culturais, políticos e sociais. A condição é generalizada e tornou a violência contra a mulher um grande problema de saúde pública que precisa ser abordado, o que está se tornando um problema para o setor de saúde e para os governos. Devido a grande relevância do tema, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar um estudo descritivo dos casos narrados pela mídia paraense de feminicídio em mulheres negras no estado do Pará no ano de 2022. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo, retrospectivo de cunho quantitativo. Os dados relativos à ocorrência dos casos de feminicídio em mulheres negras no estado do Pará foram obtidos através dos exemplares do jornal paraense arquivados na biblioteca pública Arthur Vianna da Fundação Cultural do Pará Tancredo Neves (CENTUR). Foram inclusos todos os casos de feminicídio registrados no jornal, no período de 2022. Para a análise dos resultados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva dos casos publicados. Das 361 edições analisadas do ano de 2022 foram computados 54 casos de feminicídio no Estado do Pará, dentre esses 34 foram contra mulheres negras, que corresponde um total de 62,9% dos casos. No tocante aos municípios que tiveram pelo menos um caso reportado na mídia, destaca a capital do Estado Belém, Marabá e Anapú com os maiores casos de feminicídios. As mulheres negras estão sendo mortas, proporcionalmente e em termos absolutos, em números muito maiores do que as mulheres brancas. Dessa forma, é urgente e indispensável, a criação e implantação de políticas públicas que assegurem o direito de vida das mulheres, a justiça social e a intolerância ao preconceito de raça

LEVANTAMENTO DE ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS E UTILIZAÇÃO EM QUINTAL AGROFLORESTAL DE ESTABELECIMENTO AGRÍCOLA NO ASSENTAMENTO ALEGRIA - MARABÁ, PARÁ

The objective of this study was to conduct a survey of plant species and their uses by farmers in homegarden of a family farm property in the Settlement Joy, Maraba - PA. The survey was conducted by identifying the major plant species in agroforestry yard of approximately 1 ha. Parts of the plant were collected for preparation of herbarium specimens and the record of its uses was conducted by the account of farmers. The plant species present in homegarden contribute to ecological maintenance and proceeds from the sale of fruit in both the settlement itself. The fruit accounted for the largest amount of plants present in homegarden.   KEYWORDS: Agroforestry system. Family farm. Fruitful. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un estudio de las especies de plantas y sus usos por los agricultores en la huerta agroforestal de un negocio familiae en el Asentamiento Alegría, Maraba - PA. La encuesta se llevó a cabo mediante la identificación de las principales especies de plantas en el patio agroforestal de aproximadamente 1 ha. Partes de la planta se recogieron para la preparación de especímenes de herbario y el registro de sus usos se llevó a cabo por la cuenta de los agricultores. Las especies de plantas presentes en el huerto contribuyen al mantenimiento y procede ecológica de la venta de fruta, tanto en el propio asentamiento. Las frutiferas representaran la mayor cantidad de plantas presentes en el huerto agroforestal.   PALABRAS-CLAVE: Agricultura familiar. Cultivo de frutas. Sistema agroforestal.  O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento de espécies vegetais e seus respectivos usos pelo agricultor no quintal agroflorestal de um estabelecimento agrícola familiar no Assentamento Alegria, Marabá - PA. O levantamento foi realizado através da identificação das principais espécies vegetais em quintal agroflorestal de aproximadamente 1 ha. Foram coletadas partes dos vegetais para confecção de exsicatas e o registro dos seus usos foi realizado pelo relato dos agricultores. As espécies vegetais presentes no quintal agroflorestal contribuem tanto para a manutenção ecológica e para a renda obtida pela comercialização de frutos no próprio assentamento. As frutíferas representaram a maior quantidade de plantas presentes no quintal agroflorestal.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agricultura familiar. Frutíferas. Sistema agroflorestal

ARTHROPODS LIFTING SURFACE SOIL IN THE AREA OF THE GRASSLANDS SETTLEMENT ALEGRIA, MARABÁ - PA

RESUMO: Áreas de pastagem são caracterizadas pelo dinamismo ecológico em que fauna e flora são drasticamente afetadas pelas intervenções antrópicas. Os artrópodes da superfície do solo nesses agroecossitemas são diretamente afetados pela redução de recursos necessários a sua sobrevivência, diminuindo assim a biodiversidade e as interações entre organismos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento dos artrópodes que habitam a superfície do solo em dois estabelecimentos agrícolas no Assentamento Alegria, Marabá - Pará. Para tanto, foram instaladas quatro armadilhas do tipo pitfall em áreas de pastagem que permaneceram no local por 72 horas, posteriormente os artrópodes capturados nas armadilhas foram contabilizados e identificados ao nível de família. Os espécimes da família Formicidae foram os que se apresentaram em maior quantidade, seguidos da família Gryllidae e Scarabaeidae. Esses organismos desempenham funções relevantes e essenciais para esses agroecossitemas de pastagem, garantindo assim a manutenção dos meios de produção. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biodiversidade, agroecossistemas, equilíbrio ecológico.ABSTRACT: Grazing areas are characterized by dynamic ecological flora and fauna that are dramatically affected by human interventions. Arthropods from the soil surface agroecossitemas these are directly affected by the reduction of resources required for their survival, thereby decreasing biodiversity and the interactions between organisms. The aim of this study was to survey the arthropods that inhabit the soil surface in two farms in Settlement Joy, Maraba - Para Thus, we installed four pitfall traps in pasture areas that remained in place for 72 hours, later arthropods caught in traps were counted and identified to family level. The specimens of the family Formicidae were those presented in greater quantity, followed the family Gryllidae and Scarabaeidae. These organisms perform functions relevant and essential for these agroecossitemas pasture, thus ensuring the maintenance of the means of production. KEYWORDS: Biodiversity, agroecosystens, ecological balance

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Effect of Lung Recruitment and Titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome : a Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE The effects of recruitment maneuvers and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine if lung recruitment associated with PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance decreases 28-day mortality of patients with moderate to severe ARDS compared with a conventional low-PEEP strategy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 120 intensive care units (ICUs) from 9 countries from November 17, 2011, through April 25, 2017, enrolling adults with moderate to severe ARDS. INTERVENTIONS An experimental strategy with a lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance (n = 501experimental group) or a control strategy of low PEEP (n = 509). All patients received volume-assist control mode until weaning. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas all-cause mortality until 28 days. Secondary outcomes were length of ICU and hospital stayventilator-free days through day 28pneumothorax requiring drainage within 7 daysbarotrauma within 7 daysand ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality. RESULTS A total of 1010 patients (37.5% femalemean [SD] age, 50.9 [17.4] years) were enrolled and followed up. At 28 days, 277 of 501 patients (55.3%) in the experimental group and 251 of 509 patients (49.3%) in the control group had died (hazard ratio [HR], 1.2095% CI, 1.01 to 1.42P =.041). Compared with the control group, the experimental group strategy increased 6-month mortality (65.3% vs 59.9%HR, 1.1895% CI, 1.01 to 1.38P =.04), decreased the number of mean ventilator-free days (5.3 vs 6.4difference, -1.195% CI, -2.1 to -0.1P =.03), increased the risk of pneumothorax requiring drainage (3.2% vs 1.2%difference, 2.0%95% CI, 0.0% to 4.0%P =.03), and the risk of barotrauma (5.6% vs 1.6%difference, 4.0%95% CI, 1.5% to 6.5%P =.001). There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, ICU mortality, and in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In patients with moderate to severe ARDS, a strategy with lung recruitment and titrated PEEP compared with low PEEP increased 28-day all-cause mortality. These findings do not support the routine use of lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration in these patients. (C) 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Brazilian Ministry of HealthBrazilian Ministry of HealthHCor Res Inst, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Cardiopulmonary Dept, Div Pulm, Heart Inst Incor, Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilIrmandade Santa Casa Misericordia Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Anesthesiol Pain & Intens Care Dept, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Maternidade Sao Vicente Paulo, Barbalha, BrazilHosp Nereu Ramos, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilHosp Unimed Vitoria, Vitoria, BrazilHosp & Prontosocorro 28 Agosto, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Unidade Emergencia Hosp Clin FMRP, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilHosp Estadual Dr Jayme Santos Neves, Serra, BrazilFundacao Univ Fed Grande Dourados, Univ Hosp, Dourados, BrazilUniv ICESI, Fdn Valle Lili, Dept Intens Care Med, Cali, ColombiaHosp Univ Oeste Parana, Cascavel, BrazilHosp Pablo Tobon Uribe, Medellin, ColombiaHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Reg Hans Dieter Schmidt, Joinville, BrazilUniv Malaya, Med Ctr, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaJagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Dept Intens Care & Perioperat Med, Krakow, PolandHosp Nacl Alejandro Posadas, Moron, ArgentinaFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Anesthesiol Pain & Intens Care Dept, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data