Patrimônio e inventário: a escolha do objeto

This paper discusses how contemporary society deals with heritage issues. It examines issues ranging from the selection of objects to that choice’s impact on the construction of knowledge and heritage management. Therefore, the paper first presents heritage concepts, and then considers the uses of these concepts both by heritage-related decision makers and by the public, who is, in fact, the ultimate concerned about heritage protective measures. This discussion will provide the basis to discuss how the public deals with its objects. Moreover, the debate also provides the possibility of Civil Society-Government Bodies jointm actions related to society’s heritage with more justice and ethics.Este artigo tem como premissa a discussão de como a sociedade do presente lida com as questões patrimoniais, desde a eleição dos objetos até as consequências das escolhas no saber e gerenciamento do patrimônio. Para tanto trata os conceitos patrimoniais para depois considerar seus usos, tanto para os tomadores de decisão sobre o patrimônio quanto para a população a quem, de fato, interessa a existência de medidas protetoras de patrimônio. Essa discussão nos dará a base para discutir o modo como a população lida com seus objetos e para a possibilidade de práticas de ações conjuntas com maior justiça e ética entre sociedade civil e órgãos governamentais no que diz respeito ao patrimônio da sociedade

A segmentation proposal to the consumers’ brazilian beer sector / Proposta de segmentação do mercado brasileiro de cerveja

The objective of this research was to identify the different segments of beer consumers based on the behavior presented during the purchase decision process. A field survey was carried out with a convenience sample of 422 respondents, using questionnaires, available in the authors' relationship networks. In the data analysis, the statistical technique cluster analysis was applied, which allowed the identification of four consumer segments: high involvement consumers, medium consumption consumers, occasion buyers, and low consumption consumers. Results obtained from the investigation show that consumers with high levels of involvement (Group 1) seek a lot of information before consumption. For consumers of average consumption (Group 2), the search for knowledge and references on beers is limited to previous experiences they had and to friends, and they choose beers mainly by the taste and by the country of origin. Occasional consumers (Group 3) usually buy the same brands of beer, but use flavor and brand as a selection criterion. Finally, low-consumption consumers (Group 4) had a consumption of beer for special occasions. They often do not seek information about the product, and they do not do any kind of word-of-mouth marketing. The Main theoretical contribution is the new segmentation proposal method originated from the research. The relevance of this study is related to the new segmentation framework proposed segments that could be used to future studies in other competitive markets

How Women Are Depicted In Ads? A Content Analysis Study With Brazilian Advertisements

The main purpose of this paper was to examine female roles portrayed by advertising. More specifically, the question that motivated this research project was: What messages about women have been given to society through advertisement? Have these portrayals been changed during the past decades? The study consisted of a systematic content analysis of Brazilian commercials from 1973 to 2000. The population from which this sample was drawn consisted of Brazilian commercials which got an award in international and national festivals. A probabilistic sample procedure was employed. Ninety five pieces were selected. The categories and operational rules used in the study were developed based on previous research. This study has proposed that female images in advertising are depicted in three different ways: stereotyped, idealized and plural portrayals. Our results have revealed that some specific images have changed; however, they continued to be stereotyped and idealized

RESENHA DA OBRA: JOGO TRADICIONAL E CULTURA

This review discusses Elizara Carolina Marin and João Francisco Magno Ribas’s book Jogo Tradicional e Cultura (Traditional Game and Culture). It presents the relevance of the book’s topic, that is, traditional games found in four social groups in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The research results systematized in the work indicate the need for more investment in recording those cultural manifestations and their inclusion in school pedagogical projects as content of Physical Education and related fields. Este estudio trata sobre la obra Juego Tradicional y Cultura, de Elizara Carolina Marín y João Francisco Magno Ribas. En este trabajo se aborda la relevancia del tema presentado en el libro, que trae los juegos tradicionales encontrados en cuatro grupos sociales de Rio Grande do Sul. Los resultados de la investigación que se han sistematizado en la obra indican la necesidad de mayor inversión en el registro de estas manifestaciones culturales y de su inserción en los proyectos pedagógicos escolares en forma de contenidos de Educación Física y áreas relacionadas. Esta resenha discorre sobre a obra Jogo Tradicional e Cultura, de Elizara Carolina Marin e João Francisco Magno Ribas. Neste texto é apresentada a relevância do tema apresentado no livro, o qual traz os jogos tradicionais encontrados em quatro grupos sociais do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados da pesquisa sistematizados na obra apontam para a necessidade de maior investimento no registro dessas manifestações culturais e de sua inserção nos projetos pedagógicos escolares em forma de conteúdos da Educação Física e áreas afins.

Prediction of postoperative facial swelling, pain and trismus following third molar surgery based on preoperative variables

Objective: This paper investigates the relationship between preoperative findings and short-term outcome in third molar surgery. Study design: A prospective study was carried out involving 80 patients who required 160 surgical extractions of impacted mandibular third molars between January 2009 and December 2010. All extractions were performed under local anesthesia by the same dental surgeon. Swelling and maximal inter-incisor distance were measured at 48 h and on the 7th day postoperatively. Mean visual analogue pain scores were determined at four different time periods. Results: One-hundred eight (67.5%) of the 160 extractions were performed on male subjects and 52 (32.5%) were performed on female subjects. Median age was 22.46 years. The amount of facial swelling varied depending on gender and operating time. Trismus varied depending on gender, operating time and tooth sectioning. The influence of age, gender and operating time varied depending on the pain evaluation period (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Short-term outcomes of third molar operations (swelling, trismus and pain) differ depending on the patients' characteristics (age, gender and body mass index). Moreover, surgery characteristics such as operating time and tooth sectioning were also associated with postoperative variables

EFEITOS DE DOIS PROGRAMAS DE EXERCÍCIOS AQUÁTICOS NOS DISTÚRBIOS DO INTESTINO EM INDIVÍDUOS COM FIBROMIALGIA

Fibromyalgia is a chronic painful syndrome, characterized bydiffuse muscle skeletal pain, fatigue, sleep and bowel disturbance. This studyaimed to assess the effects of two different hydrotherapy programs &ndash; withactive exercises and passive relaxation exercises for the bowel disturbancesof subjects with fibromyalgia. Sixteen subjects with fibromyalgia concludedthe study. All of then related bowel symptoms, as constipation, flatulence,excrements with too much mucus and chronicle diarrhea. It was requestedthen to quantify the intensity of these symptoms, using analogous-numericalscale. Then, subjects were randomly assigned in three groups. The firstperformed active hydrotherapy exercises. The second, passive hydrotherapyrelaxation exercises. The third one was the control group. Exercises weredone for eight weeks. After that, subjects were reevaluated. When comparingbaseline and post-test scores, it was not detected any significant difference(p &gt; .05 for all the groups). It was not detected differences when comparingall the groups (p = .115). However, improvement was observed when the Gactivewas compared to the control group (p = 0,036). The program of active exercisesimproved the intensity of bowel disturbances of subjects with fibromyalgia.However, it is not possible to confirm that active exercises are more efficientthan relaxation exercises, even so the last one did not improved the boweldisturbances of these subjects.A fibromialgia &eacute; uma s&iacute;ndrome dolorosa cr&ocirc;nica, caracterizada pordor musculoesquel&eacute;tica difusa, fadiga, dist&uacute;rbios do sono e do intestino.Este trabalho objetiva analisar os efeitos de dois diferentes programas aqu&aacute;ticos&ndash; de exerc&iacute;cios ativos e de relaxamento passivo &ndash; nos dist&uacute;rbios dointestino de indiv&iacute;duos com fibromialgia. Dezesseis indiv&iacute;duos com a doen&ccedil;aconclu&iacute;ram o estudo. Todos relatavam queixas relacionadas ao intestino,como constipa&ccedil;&atilde;o, flatul&ecirc;ncia, fezes com muco excessivo e diarr&eacute;ia cr&ocirc;nica.Foi solicitado aos mesmos que quantificassem a intensidade destes sintomas,utilizando a escala an&aacute;logo-num&eacute;rica. Ap&oacute;s, foram aleatorizados emtr&ecirc;s grupos. O primeiro realizou exerc&iacute;cios aqu&aacute;ticos ativos (Gativo). O segundorealizou exerc&iacute;cios de relaxamento aqu&aacute;tico passivo (Grelax). O terceiroatuou como controle (Gcont). Os exerc&iacute;cios foram realizados por oito semanas,depois das quais os indiv&iacute;duos foram reavaliados. Quando se comparouo desempenho pr&eacute; e p&oacute;s intra-grupo, observou-se que nenhum dos gruposapresentou melhora significativa (p &gt; 0,05 para todos os grupos). A diferen&ccedil;atamb&eacute;m n&atilde;o ocorreu quando comparados todos os grupos (p = 0,115). Entretanto,observou-se melhora quando se comparou o Gativo e o grupo controle (p= 0,036). O programa de exerc&iacute;cios ativos melhorou a intensidade de dist&uacute;rbiosde intestino de indiv&iacute;duos com fibromialgia. Entretanto, n&atilde;o se podeafirmar que seja mais eficaz que o programa de exerc&iacute;cios de relaxamento,embora os &uacute;ltimos n&atilde;o tenham se mostrado eficazes em melhorar os dist&uacute;rbiosde intestino destes indiv&iacute;duos

Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Safety Evaluation of Papain (Carica papaya L.) Using In Vitro Assays

Papain, a phytotherapeutic agent, has been used in the treatment of eschars and as a debriding chemical agent to remove damaged or necrotic tissue of pressure ulcers and gangrene. Its benefits in these treatments are deemed effective, since more than 5000 patients, at the public university hospital at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, have undergone papain treatment and presented satisfactory results. Despite its extensive use, there is little information about toxic and mutagenic properties of papain. This work evaluated the toxic and mutagenic potential of papain and its potential antioxidant activity against induced-H2O2 oxidative stress in Escherichia coli strains. Cytotoxicity assay, Growth inhibition test, WP2-Mutoxitest and Plasmid-DNA treatment, and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to investigate if papain would present any toxic or mutagenic potential as well as if papain would display antioxidant properties. Papain exhibited negative results for all tests. This agent presented an activity protecting cells against H2O2-induced mutagenesis

An Intracellular Arrangement of Histoplasma capsulatum Yeast-Aggregates Generates Nuclear Damage to the Cultured Murine Alveolar Macrophages

Histoplasma capsulatum is responsible for a human systemic mycosis that primarily affects lung tissue. Macrophages are the major effector cells in humans that respond to the fungus, and the development of respiratory disease depends on the ability of Histoplasma yeast cells to survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages. Therefore, the interaction between macrophages and H. capsulatum is a decisive step in the yeast dissemination into host tissues. Although the role played by components of cell-mediated immunity in the host's defense system and the mechanisms used by the pathogen to evade the host immune response are well understood, knowledge regarding the effects induced by H. capsulatum in host cells at the nuclear level is limited. According to the present findings, H. capsulatum yeast cells display a unique architectural arrangement during the intracellular infection of cultured murine alveolar macrophages, characterized as a formation of aggregates that seem to surround the host cell nucleus, resembling a crown. This extranuclear organization of yeast-aggregates generates damage on the nucleus of the host cell, producing DNA fragmentation and inducing apoptosis, even though the yeast cells are not located inside the nucleus and do not trigger changes in nuclear proteins. The current study highlights a singular intracellular arrangement of H. capsulatum yeast near to the nucleus of infected murine alveolar macrophages that may contribute to the yeast’s persistence under intracellular conditions, since this fungal pathogen may display different strategies to prevent elimination by the host's phagocytic mechanisms

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: Brazilian survey

OBJECTIVE: The majority of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma have been reported in individuals with cirrhosis due to chronic viral hepatitis and alcoholism, but recently, the prevalence has become increasingly related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis around the world. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical and histophatological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazilians' patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis at the present time. METHODS: Members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology were invited to complete a survey regarding patients with hepatocellular carcinoma related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Patients with a history of alcohol intake (>;20 g/day) and other liver diseases were excluded. Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis was performed by liver biopsy or imaging methods according to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases’ 2011 guidelines. RESULTS: The survey included 110 patients with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from nine hepatology units in six Brazilian states (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul). The mean age was 67±11 years old, and 65.5% were male. Obesity was observed in 52.7% of the cases; diabetes, in 73.6%; dyslipidemia, in 41.0%; arterial hypertension, in 60%; and metabolic syndrome, in 57.2%. Steatohepatitis without fibrosis was observed in 3.8% of cases; steatohepatitis with fibrosis (grades 1-3), in 27%; and cirrhosis, in 61.5%. Histological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was performed in 47.2% of the patients, with hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis accounting for 7.7%. In total, 58 patients with cirrhosis had their diagnosis by ultrasound confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Of these, 55% had 1 nodule; 17%, 2 nodules; and 28%, ≥3 nodules. CONCLUSIONS: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a relevant risk factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with and without cirrhosis in Brazil. In this survey, hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in elevated numbers of patients with steatohepatitis without cirrhosis