Availability of urinary albumin measurement in Southern Brazilian laboratories

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading worldwide cause of end-stage renal disease. The current recommendation is to screen for DKD by evaluating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and measuring urinary albumin (UA) levels in a spot sample. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of UA measurement in Southern Brazilian laboratories. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the routine use of UA in all laboratories registered in the State Pharmacy Council ofRio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state ofBrazil. Data was collected by mail, e-mail, telephone, or personal interview. A sample size of at least 384 laboratories was necessary to achieve 5% precision at a 95% confidence level based on a fixed proportion of 0.5. Results: Eight hundred and eighty laboratories currently registered in the state were invited to participate in the study; 548 (62%) answered the technical specification questionnaire. Only 306 (55%) of the 548 surveyed laboratories performed UA measurements. The laboratories were also required to provide the number of UA measurements performed per day, which ranged from less than one per week to 65 per day. Conclusion: The availability of UA measurements is undesirably low inSouthern Brazil. This demonstrates the urgent need to increase the availability of this important test. It also reveals the gap between the current guidelines and the awareness about them among health care professionals.

Availability of urinary albumin measurement in southern brazilian laboratories

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading worldwide cause of endstage renal disease. The current recommendation is to screen for DKD by evaluating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and measuring urinary albumin (UA) levels in a spot sample. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of UA measurement in Southern Brazilian laboratories. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the routine use of UA in all laboratories registered in the State Pharmacy Council of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Data was collected by mail, e-mail, telephone, or personal interview. A sample size of at least 384 laboratories was necessary to achieve 5% precision at a 95% confidence level based on a fixed proportion of 0.5. Results: Eight hundred and eighty laboratories currently registered in the state were invited to participate in the study; 548 (62%) answered the technical specification questionnaire. Only 306 (55%) of the 548 surveyed laboratories performed UA measurements. The laboratories were also required to provide the number of UA measurements performed per day, which ranged from less than one per week to 65 per day. Conclusion: The availability of UA measurements is undesirably low in Southern Brazil. This demonstrates the urgent need to increase the availability of this important test. It also reveals the gap between the current guidelines and the awareness about them among health care professionals

Availability of urinary albumin measurement in southern brazilian laboratories

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading worldwide cause of endstage renal disease. The current recommendation is to screen for DKD by evaluating estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and measuring urinary albumin (UA) levels in a spot sample. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of UA measurement in Southern Brazilian laboratories. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the routine use of UA in all laboratories registered in the State Pharmacy Council of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Data was collected by mail, e-mail, telephone, or personal interview. A sample size of at least 384 laboratories was necessary to achieve 5% precision at a 95% confidence level based on a fixed proportion of 0.5. Results: Eight hundred and eighty laboratories currently registered in the state were invited to participate in the study; 548 (62%) answered the technical specification questionnaire. Only 306 (55%) of the 548 surveyed laboratories performed UA measurements. The laboratories were also required to provide the number of UA measurements performed per day, which ranged from less than one per week to 65 per day. Conclusion: The availability of UA measurements is undesirably low in Southern Brazil. This demonstrates the urgent need to increase the availability of this important test. It also reveals the gap between the current guidelines and the awareness about them among health care professionals

Allele-dependent interaction of LRRK2 and NOD2 in leprosy.

Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, rarely affects children younger than 5 years. Here, we studied a multiplex leprosy family that included monozygotic twins aged 22 months suffering from paucibacillary leprosy. Whole genome sequencing identified three amino acid mutations previously associated with Crohn's disease and Parkinson's disease as candidate variants for early onset leprosy: LRRK2 N551K, R1398H and NOD2 R702W. In genome-edited macrophages, we demonstrated that cells expressing the LRRK2 mutations displayed reduced apoptosis activity following mycobacterial challenge independently of NOD2. However, employing co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy we showed that LRRK2 and NOD2 proteins interacted in RAW cells and monocyte-derived macrophages, and that this interaction was substantially reduced for the NOD2 R702W mutation. Moreover, we observed a joint effect of LRRK2 and NOD2 variants on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced respiratory burst, NF-κB activation and cytokine/chemokine secretion with a strong impact for the genotypes found in the twins consistent with a role of the identified mutations in the development of early onset leprosy

L’internationalisation des productions cinématographiques et audiovisuelles

La part croissante de l'internationalisation dans le montage financier des productions cinématographiques et audiovisuelles constitue un fait majeur depuis la fin du xxe siècle. Certains États encouragent fortement leur production, notamment fiscalement, modifiant la voilure des alliances internationales et le niveau quantitatif comme qualitatif des films et séries. La multiplication des guichets institutionnels amène les producteurs à exercer une veille sur les dispositifs publics, rechercher l’optimisation des montages de financement en fonction des critères d’attribution des fonds de soutien et non plus seulement artistiques, et établir des stratégies de coopération entre structures de pays tiers. Pour la première fois en France, place est faite dans un ouvrage aux analyses de chercheurs mobilisant des approches complémentaires – économiques, sociologiques ou historiques – et, surtout, à des producteurs de toutes tailles dévoilant leurs pratiques complémentaires.A major fact since the end of the 20th century has been the increasing participation of internationalisation in the financing of film and audiovisual productions. Certain States strongly encourage their production, particularly tax wise, thus modifying the scope of international alliances and both quantitative and qualitative levels of films and series