16 research outputs found
Die Bestandteilanordnung eines Untersuchungsinstruments und ihr Einfluss auf die Faktorenstruktur und die Skalenergebnisse der Goldberq-Morker: Beitrag zur interkulturelien Auswertung des Biq-Five-Modells
U radu se opisuju metodološka i kulturalna pitanja vezana uz
uporabu etičke strategije unutar leksičkog pristupa u psihologiji
ličnosti. Specifično, u radu se opisuju rezultati ispitivanja utjecaja
rasporeda čestica na faktorsku strukturu iskalne rezultate Goldbergovih
bipolarnih markera za mjerenje Velepetorog modela
ličnosti u Hrvatskoj. Faktorske i skalne analize Goldbergovih
markera potvrdile su superionost transparentnog rasporeda u
odnosu na netransparentni raspored u smislu boljeg generiranja
ciljane faktorske strukture, veće konvergentne valjanosti, veće
pouzdanosti skala i veće unutardimenzionalne homogenosti
skala. Također, transparentni je raspored pokazao veću
diskriminativnu valjanost a nije pokazao izazivanje značono poželjnijih
samoprocjena. Svi navedeni rezultati sugeriraju budućim
istraživačima lekičkoga pristupa u raznim kulturama i jezicima da
pri planiranju svojih istraživanja odaberu transparentni raspored
Goldbergovih bipolarnih markera za mjerenje Velepetorog modela
ličnosti, bilo da se koriste etičkom ili emičkom strategijom.
Transparentni će raspored tih markera dati jednoznačniji odnos
uvezenih dimenzija ličnosti s autohtonim dimenzijama ličnosti iz
pojedinog jezika, tj., kulture, ili će olakšati usporedbu dominatnih
leksičkih dimenzija ličnosti s dimenzijama iz drugih modela.The paper describes the methodological and cultural issues
of etic strategy within the lexical approach in personality
psychology. Specifically, the paper describes the results of
item format effects on factor structure and scale scores of
Goldberg\u27s bipolar Big-Five markers in Croatia. Factor and
scale analyses of Goldberg\u27s markers confirmed the superiority of transparent format versus the opaque format in
sense of superior targeted factor structure, increased
convergent validity, increased scale reliability and increased
within-set homogeneity. Transparent format has also shown
increased discriminative validity and has proven not to elicit
self-ratings that are more favorable. All of the abovementioned
results suggest that future lexical approach
researchers in different cultures and languages use the
transparent format of Goldberg\u27s Big-Five bipolar markers,
whether they use etic or emic strategy. The transparent
format of those markers will provide an unambiguous
relation between the imported personality dimensions and
the particular I~nguoge (culture) indigenous dimensions or it
will alleviate the comparison of dominant lexical personality
dimensions wtih the dimensions from other models.Vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit rhethodologischen und
kulturbedingten Fragen, die mit dem Einsatz einer etischen
Strategie innerhalb des lexischen Ansatzes in der
Personlichkeitspsychologie aufgeworfen werden. Es ist
konkret von den Ergebnissen einer Untersuchung die Rede,
die sich der Wirkung widmete, welche von der
Bestondteilcnordnunq eines Untetsuchunqsinstruments l
ausgeht und sich niederschlč:igt in der Foktorenstruktur und in
den Skaleni~rgebnissen der bipolaren Goldberg-Marker zur
Ermittlung des Big-Five-Personlichkeitsmodells. Die Faktorenund
Skalenanalyse der Goldberg-Marker bestč:itigte, dass
eine transparente Anordnung der Bestandteile Vorrang hat,
da sie sich besser zur Generierung der intendierten
Foktorenstruktur eignet, eine groBere konvergente GOltigkeit
vorweist, die Skalen verlč:isslicher sind und eine groBere
innerdimensionale Homogeneitč:it besitzen. Ebenso gilt, dass
eine transparente Bestandteilanordnung groBere
diskriminotive GOltigkeit hat, auch werden willkOrliche
Eigenschč:itzungen vermieden. Die angefOhrten Resultate
suggerieren zukOnftigen Erforschern des lexischen Ansatzes
in verschiedenen Kulturen und Sprachgebieten, eine transparente Anordnung der bipolaren Goldberg-Marker zur
Ermittlung des Big-Five-Personlichkeitsmodells zu planen _
egaI, ob sie dabei eine etische oder emische Strategie zur
Anwendung bringen. Die transparente Anordnung dieser
Marker wird einen klareren Bezug einqefuhrter
Personlichkeitsdimensionen zu autochthonen
Pers6nlichkeitsdimensionen eines jeweiligen Sprachgebiets
bzw. einer jeweiligen Kultur zur Folge haben; oder aber wird
dadurch der Vergleich dominanter lexischer
Pers6nlichkeitsdimensionen mit entsprechenden Dimensionen
anderer Modelle erleichtert werden
STRUKTUR UND VERHALTNIS DER BIG·FIVE·MARKER IN BEZUG AUF EYSENCKS PERSONLICHKEITSTEST: EIN EMPIRISCHER VERGLEICH ZWEIER STRUKTURALER PERSONLICHKEITSMODELLE
Uradu se opisuju rezultati faktorskih analiza bipolarni h markera
za mjerenje strukture ličnosti prema Big-Five modelu (50-
BRS) i Eysenckova upitnika ličnosti (EPQ-SR) na uzorku iz hrvatske
populacije, kao i relacije tih dvaju instrumenata. Faktorska analiza
bipolarnih markera za mjerenje strukture ličnosti prema Big-
Five modelu dala je opću potvrdu za petofaktorsku strukturu toga
instrumenta, uz neke specifičnosti koje ukazuju na potrebu daljnjeg
adaptiranja skupa pridjeva za mjerenje strukture ličnosti prema
Big-Five modelu u hrvatskom jeziku. Faktorska analiza Eysenckova
upitnika ličnosti dala je više potvrde za faktore neuroticizma,
ekstraverzije i laganja, uz manje potvrde za faktor psihoticizma.
Slabija potvrda za faktor i skalu psihoticizma (mali broj čestica
projiciranih na intencionalno mjereni faktor, niska pouzdanost)
ukazuje na moguću diskontinuiranost i nejedinstvenost toga konstrukta,
kao i na potrebu za novom revizijom skraćene verzije
skale psihoticizma. Ispitivanje relacija između bipolarnih markera
za mjerenje strukture ličnosti prema Big-Five modelu i Eysenckova
upitnika ličnosti uglavnom je potvrdilo teoretska očekivanja,
uz neke specifičnosti, koje se odnose na faktore psihoticizma
(EPQ-SR) i intelekta (50-BRS).This paper discusses the results of factor analyses of bipolar
markers for personality structure measurement according to
the Big-Five model (SO-BRS), and Eysenck\u27s Personality Questionnaire
(EPQ-SR) in a sample from Croatian population, as well
as the relations between those two instruments. In general, the
factor analysis of Big-Five bipolar markers proved evidence for
the five factor structure of that instrument, with some specificities
that indicate the need for further adaptation of the adjective set
for personality structure measurement according to the Big-Five
model in Croatian language. The factor analysis of Eysenck\u27s Personality
Questionnaire proved more evidence for Neuroticism,
Extraversion and Lie factors, with less evidence for Psychoticism
factor. Less evidence for Psychoticism factor and Psychoticism
scale (low number of items with projections on intentional factor,
low reliability) indicate that the construct of Psychoticism could be
discontinued and non-unitary, as well as the need for new revision
of the short version of that scale. In general, the identification of
the relations between bipolar markers for personality structure
measurement according to the Big-Five model and Eysenck\u27s
Personality Questionnaire confirmed the theoretical expectations,
with some specificities, concerning Psychoticism factor (EPQ-SR)
and Intellect factor (SO-BRS).Die Arbeit beschreibt die Ergebnisse einer Faktorenanalyse,
die mit Hilfe bipolarer Marker zur Messung der Persčnlichkeitsstruktur
gemaP..dem Big-Five-Modell (50-BRS) sowie anhand
des Pers6nlichkeitsfragebogens nach Eysenck in einer Testgruppe
der kroatischen Bev61kerung durchgefUhrt wurde. Beschrieben
wird ferner das Verhaltnis zwischen diesen beiden Modellen. Die
Faktorenanlyse mittels bipolarer Marker gemaP.. dem Big-Five-
Modeli ergab eine allgemeine Bestatigung des funfschichtigen
Aufbaus dieses Instruments zur Messung der Pers6nlichkeitsstruktur,
wobei es allerdings notwendig ist, die Adjektive zur Beschreibung
der Pers6nlichkeitseigenschaften nach diesem Modeli
der kroatischen Sprache besser anzupassen. Die Faktorenanalyse
nach Eysenck bestatiqte in h6herem Mafše die Faktoren
des Neurotizismus, der Extraversion und des Lugens, wahrend
der Faktor des Psychotizismus weniger ausqepraqt ist. Die schwachere
Bestatigung fur den Faktor und die Skala des Psychotizismus
(geringe Anzahl von Elementen, die auf den intendierten
Messfaktor projiziert werden, geringe Verlassllchkeit) verweist auf
eine m6gliche Diskontinuitat und Uneinheitlichkeit dieses Konstrukts,
ferner auch auf das Bedurfnis, diese verkurzte Skala des
Psychotizismus erneut zu revidieren. Die Untersuchung des. Verhaltnisses
zwischen den bipolaren Markern zur Messung der Pers6nlichkeitsstruktur
nach dem Big-Five-Modell und dem Persčnlichkeitsfragebogen
nach Eysenck ergab, von bestimmten Spezifika
einmal abgesehen, eine allgemeine Bestatigung der theoretischen
Erwartungen im Hinblick auf die Faktoren des Psychotizismus
(EPQ-SR) und des Intellekts (50-BRS)
Medidas de sensibilidad de los sistemas de inhibición y de activación conductual como predictores de rasgos de personalidad
Gray (1987) je u teoriji osjetljivosti na potkrepljenja opisao tri hipotetska biološka sustava u mozgu, za koje je pretpostavio kako predstavljaju podlogu stabilnih obrazaca u doživljavanju i ponašanju. Među njima su najviše istraživani bihevioralni inhibicijski (BIS) i aktivacijski sustav (BAS) te su utvrđene relativno stabilne veze s dvjema dimenzijama ličnosti – neuroticizmom i ekstraverzijom. Skale Bihevioralnoga inhibicijskog i aktivacijskog sustava Carvera i Whitea (1994) predstavljaju jedan od najčešće korištenih instrumenata za operacionalizaciju ovih konstrukata. BIS/BAS upitnik sadržava skalu osjetljivosti BIS-a, kojom se ispituju reakcije na pojavu ili anticipaciju kazne, odnosno averzivnog iskustva. Osjetljivost BAS-a operacionalizirana je pomoću tri podskale, koje zahvaćaju tri konceptualno različita, ali međusobno povezana konstrukta: BAS – Nagon, kojom se mjeri ustrajnost u ostvarivanju poželjnih ciljeva; BAS – Traženje zabave, koja se odnosi na želju za novim nagrađujućim iskustvima i spremnost osobe da se uključi u potencijalno nagrađujuću situaciju te BAS – Osjetljivost na nagradu, koja ispituje pozitivne reakcije na pojavu ili anticipaciju nagrade.Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio ispitati mogu li se na temelju mjera osjetljivosti bihevioralnoga inhibicijskog i aktivacijskog sustava predviđati individualne razlike u osobinama ličnosti.U ovom su radu analizirani podatci 284 studentice, koje su ispunile prevedenu i adaptiranu verziju BIS/BAS skala te upitnik temeljen na petofaktorskom modelu ličnosti, IPIP-50. Eksploratornom je faktorskom analizom utvrđeno kako je faktorska struktura hrvatske verzije BIS/BAS skala usporediva s originalnim instrumentom. Rezultati regresijskih analiza pokazali su da je BIS značajan prediktor emocionalne nestabilnosti, dok BAS podskale pokazuju različite obrasce povezanosti s ispitanim osobinama ličnosti, što upućuje na važnost operacionalizacije BAS-a kao višedimenzionalnog konstrukta.In the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, Gray (1987) described three hypothetical biological brain systems, assumed to represent underpinnings of the stable patterns of experience and behaviour. Most research has been devoted to studying behavioural inhibition system (BIS) and behavioural activation system (BAS), which have shown relatively stable associations with neuroticism and extroversion, respectively. BIS/BAS scale (Carver & White, 1994) is one of the most frequently used instruments for measuring these constructs. The questionnaire contains one scale of BIS sensitivity that captures reactions to appearance or anticipation of punishment, and three subscales of BAS sensitivity which are aimed to assess distinct but related constructs: BAS – Drive, that relate to persistence in achieving desired goals; BAS - Fun seeking, that relates to desire for new rewarding experiences and indicates person\u27s readiness to engage in potentially rewarding situation, and BAS – Reward sensitivity, that measures positive reactions to appearance or anticipation of reward.The aim of the current study was to explore to what extent individual differences in personality traits can be predicted based on measures of BIS and BAS sensitivity. In this paper we analysed the data of 284 female students, that completed translated and adapted Croatian version of BIS/BAS scales, as well as International Personality Item Pool (IPIP 50) which measures the Big-Five personality domains. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure of Croatian version of BIS/BAS scale was comparable to the original instrument. Results of the regression analysis revealed that BIS scale was a significant predictor of emotional instability, while BAS subscales showed different patterns of relationships with measured personality traits. These results indicate the importance of measuring distinct aspects of BAS sensitivity.En su Teoría de la Sensibilidad al Refuerzo, Gray (1987) describió tres sistemas biológicos hipotéticos en el cerebro para los cuales supuso que representaban la base de los modelos estables en la experiencia y comportamiento. Entre ellos los más investigados fueron los sistemas de inhibición (SIC) y de activación (SAC) conductual y fueron verificadas las conexiones relativamente estables con dos dimensiones de personalidad – neuroticismo y extraversión. Las escalas SIC y SAC de Carver y White (1994) representan uno de los instrumentos más usados para la operacionalización de estos constructos. El cuestionario SIC/SAC contiene la escala de la sensibilidad del SIC con la que se investigan las reacciones al castigo o su anticipación, o sea, de la experiencia aversiva. La sensibilidad de SAC está operacionalizada a través de tres escalas que comprenden tres constructos conceptualmente diferentes, pero relacionados entre sí: SAC-Impulso, con el que se mide la perseverancia en la realización de objetivos deseados; SAC-Búsqueda de divertimento, que se refiere al deseo para nuevas experiencias gratificantes y la disposición de la persona para incluirse en una situación potencialmente gratificante; BAS-Sensibilidad a la recompensa, que evalúa las reacciones positivas a la recompensa o su anticipación.El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar si es posible predecir las diferencias individuales en los rasgos de personalidad a base de las medidas de sensibilidad de SIC y SAC.En este trabajo fueron analizados los datos de 284 estudiantes que rellenaron la versión traducida y adaptada de las escalas SIC/SAC y un cuestionario basado en el modelo de los cinco grandes, IPIP-50. A través del análisis factorial exploratorio fue comprobado que la estructura factorial de la versión croata de las escalas SIC/SAC se podía comparar con el instrumento original. Los resultados de los análisis regresivos demostraron que SIC representa un predictor significativo de la inestabilidad emocional, mientras que las subescalas SAC demuestran diferentes modelos de conexión con los rasgos de personalidad investigados, lo que indica la importancia de la operacionalización de SAC como un constructo multidimensional
Everyday Stress and Core Affect: Examination of the Dynamic Model of Affect
Cilj ovoga rada bio je testirati postavke Dinamičkoga modela
afekta, prema kojemu je odnos ugodnih i neugodnih afektivnih
stanja promjenjiv, ovisno o kontekstualnim čimbenicima
vezanima uz složenost procesiranja informacija. Model smo
provjeravali analizom intraindividualnih promjena u odnosu
ugodnoga i neugodnoga temeljnog afekta, u funkciji stupnja
percipiranoga stresa. Podaci su prikupljeni metodom
uzorkovanja doživljaja kroz dvije dnevničke studije, u kojima su
sudionice nakon dobivenoga signala, više puta na dan u
nekoliko dana bilježile svoja trenutačna afektivna stanja i
procjene situacije u raznim trenucima u svakodnevnom životu.
Analize su provedene na uzorku doživljaja iz 2879 točaka
mjerenja, prikupljenih od 70 sudionica raznih studijskih grupa
(Studija 1) te na uzorku doživljaja iz 3284 točke mjerenja,
prikupljenih od 50 studentica psihologije (Studija 2). Rezultati
višerazinskih analiza pokazali su isti trend u objema provedenim
studijama – u stresnijim situacijama prosječni odnos ugodnih i
neugodnih afektivnih stanja mijenja se prema većim negativnim
vrijednostima. Nalazi ovog istraživanja pružaju potvrdu
Dinamičkom modelu afekta.The paper aimed to test the Dynamic model of affect which
postulates that the relationship between pleasant and
unpleasant affective states depends on contextual factors
related to the complexity of information processing. The
model was tested analysing intraindividual changes in the
relationship between pleasant and unpleasant core affect, as
a function of perceived stress. Data was collected using the
experience sampling method in two diary studies. After
receiving a signal, participants recorded their current
affective states and appraisals of the current situation,
several times a day within a few days. Analyses were
conducted on a sample of experiences from 2879
measurement points, recorded by 70 miscellaneous students
(Study 1), and on a sample of experiences from 3284
measurement points, recorded by 50 psychology students
(Study 2). The results of multilevel analyses showed the same
trend in both studies – in more stressful situations the
average relationship between pleasant and unpleasant
affective experiences changes toward higher negative values.
The findings support the Dynamic model of affect
Social Support and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Combat Veterans in Croatia
Recent studies have shown that greater social support after combat stress is associated with better psychological posttraumatic outcomes. By comparison of a group of veterans (n=71) who sought psychiatric help and were diagnosed with PTSD (clinical group) and a group of veterans (n=43) without PTSD (control group) we examined various components of structural and functional social support in war veterans in Croatia. The measures of social support were assessed for two time periods: a) immediately after the war, and b) at the present time. Results of two-way analysis of variance indicate that veterans without PTSD tend to report significantly higher number of persons who provide them different forms of social support than veterans with PTSD. Perceived family and friends support is higher in veterans without PTSD than in veterans with PTSD. Support received from friends and fellow soldiers decreases over time in both groups, whereas for the clinical group support of friends decreases significantly more
Surgical Treatment of Pathologic Fractures in Patients with Metastatic Tumors
The study presents results in treatment of pathologic fractures of long bones of all patients who underwent surgery in the last 10 years in our hospital. The study cohort comprised 133 consecutive patients divided in two groups who underwent surgery of long bone fractures caused by metastatic tumor or trauma. We used resection, open reduction and plating with bone cement application for pathologic fracture and some cases of femoral shaft fractures were stabilized with intramedullary nailing. Proximal femoral fractures were treated with hip arthroplasty or dynamic hip screw. There were 2 amputations performed: one case of pathologic fracture of tibia and one case of humeral fracture. The present study compares results between two group of patients. We noted: age, gender, fracture site, choice of the surgical procedure, hospital stay, need for analgesia after surgery, postoperative complications, and reached level of physical activity after surgery. The mean survival rate was 8.1 months. Seventeen patients experienced postoperative complications. We also found statistically significant improvement in functional scores (MSTS and TESS) in surgically treated patients with pathologic fractures. There are many different techniques of surgical treatment of pathologic fractures caused by skeletal metastases including arthroplasty or a combination of internal fixation combined with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) that provides immediate fixation and stability. The present study showed that surgical treatment of pathologic fractures caused by skeletal metastases in vast majority of cases provides bone healing after pathologic fracture, with signifficant improvement of physical activity and rehabilitation in the investigated group
Research into the Development of Some Cognitive Functions and Some Personality Traits in the Children of Yugoslav Workers Temporarily Employed Abroad
U ovo istraživanje bili su uključeni učenici petih, sedmih i devetih razreda, u svakoj dobnoj skupini po tri grupe. Jednu grupu sačinjavali su učenici iz naše zemlje koji žive u inozemstvu sa svojim roditeljima koji su tamo na privremenom radu; drugu su grupu činili učenici koji žive u Jugoslaviji, a po starosti, obrazovanju, mjestu porijekla i socioekonomskom statusu istovjetni su s prvom grupom učenika; treću grupu činili su njemački vršnjaci iz istih razreda iz kojih su i djeca naših radnika.
Cilj je istraživanja bio ispitati kakav je razvitak kognitivnih funkcija, znanja i nekih karakteristika ličnosti djece naših radnika u SR Njemačkoj i podatke usporediti s rezultatima njihovih njemačkih vršnjaka i vršnjaka koji stalno žive u Jugoslaviji.
Utvrđene su brojne statistički značajne razlike u kognitivnim funkcijama između djece naših radnika na privremenom radu u Njemačkoj i druge dvije skupine (tj. djece koja žive i rastu u svojim domovima – Jugoslaviji ili Njemačkoj) na štetu djece naših radnika.
Zaključeno je da okolina u kojoj žive ta djeca ne omogućuje njihov optimalan kognitivan razvitak, a niti razvoj karakteristika ličnosti.Three groups of children living in Yugoslavia from the fifth (N = 165), seventh (N = 147) and ninth (= 163) forms were compared with three comparable groups of children of Yugoslav workers living in W. Germany and three groups of German children on 8 measures of cognitive functioning (tests) and three personality tests. Several measures of socioeconomic status of Yugoslav children in Yugoslavia and Yugoslav children in W. Germany were also taken.
Statistical analyses have shown that the children of Yugoslav workers in W. Germany have significantly inferior results on most cognitive measures and sociability, and higher results in neuroticism even after eliminating all SES differences.
On the basis of these results it was concluded that the children of Yugoslav workers living in a foreign country do not have the optimal environmental conditions for a full cognitive and personality development
Influence of surface irradiaton on glued joint durability
Izrada proizvoda od lijepljenog drva složen je i kompliciran postupak, a na njega značajno utječu vrsta drva, vrsta ljepila, priprema površine i tehnika lijepljenja. Kvalitetu lijepljenog spoja određuje više faktora poput čvrstoće i trajnosti. U ovom radu pregledana su istraživanja na temu utjecaja ozračivanja površina na kvalitetu i trajnost lijepljenog spoja pri čemu UV zračenje ima najveći značaj. Istraživanja pokazuju značajna povećanja kvalitete lijepljenog spoja ukoliko površina drva ozračena UV zrakama, bez obzira na dosadašnje negativne konotacije u svezi UV zračenja i fotodegradacije drva