Ranking of silvicultural areas by the threat of annosum root rot in pine stands

The paper presents a ranking of forest sites according to the threat ofinfection of planting Pinus sylvestrisstands by Heterobasidion annosum.8 degrees of treat of infection are marked out according to the site characteristics and types of habitat and moisture conditions. Presented gradation underlined planning of forest stands with susceptible species, that would allow to make for creation of more stable stands, reduction of infection and decrease costs of protection measures

First Demonstration of Microphonic Control of a Superconducting Cavity with a Fast Piezoelectric Tuner

Superconducting cavities exhibit a high susceptibility to mechanical vibrations due to their narrow bandwidth of operation. The resulting odulation of the resonance frequency (typical amplitudes are, in the absence of mechanical dampers, a few tens of Hz at a modulation frequency of up to a few hundred Hz) can exceed the cavity bandwidth leading to a perturbation of the amplitude and phase of the accelerating field, which can be controlled only at the expense of rf power. It is therefore highly desirable to control the resonance frequency of the cavity with a fast controller. A fast mechanical tuner based on piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator appears very attractive, since its tuning is done simply by a micrometric deformation of the resonator geometry. In the past these tuners have been limited by mechanical resonances in the transfer functionto a modulation bandwidth of about 1 Hz. With modern control theory and high speed DSPs and FPGAs it is now possible to design complex controllers which allow high gain up to several hundred Hz. In this paper we present first results of fast microphonics piezoelectric control for asuperconducting quarter wave resonator. Microphonics at 42 Hz (inner conductor) are controlled despite a large mechanical resonance a 662 Hz in the actuator transfer function

[Reaction of microorganisms to the digestive fluid of the earthworms]

The reaction of soil bacteria and fungi to the digestive fluid of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa was studied. The fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the native enzymes of the digestive tract. The inhibition of growth of certain bacteria, spores, and fungal hyphae under the effect of extracts from the anterior and middle sections of the digestive tract of A. caliginosa was discovered for the first time. In bacteria, microcolony formation was inhibited as early as 20-30 s after the application of the gut extracts, which may indicate the nonenzymatic nature of the effect. The digestive fluid exhibited the same microbicidal activity whether the earthworms were feeding on soil or sterile sand. This indicates that the microbicidal agents are formed within the earthworm's body, rather than by soil microorganisms. The effect of the digestive fluid from the anterior and middle divisions is selective in relation to different microorganisms. Of 42 strains of soil bacteria, seven were susceptible to the microbicidal action of the fluid (Alcaligenes.faecalis 345-1, Microbacterium sp. 423-1, Arthrobacter sp. 430-1, Bacillus megaterium 401-1, B. megaterium 413-1, Kluyvera ascorbata 301-1, Pseudomonas reactans 387-2). The remaining bacteria did not die in the digestive fluid. Of 13 micromycetes, the digestive fluid inhibited spore germination in Aspergillus terreus and Paecilomyces lilacinus and the growth of hyphae in Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium decumbens. The digestive fluid stimulated spore germination in Alternaria alternata and the growth of hyphae in Penicillium chrysogenum. The reaction of the remaining micromycetes was neutral. The gut fluid from the posterior division of the abdominal tract did not possess microbicidal activity. No relation was found between the reaction of microorganisms to the effects of the digestive fluid and the taxonomic position of the microorganisms. The effects revealed are similar to those shown earlier for millipedes and wood lice in the following parameters: quick action of the digestive fluid on microorganisms, and the selectivity of the action on microorganisms revealed at the strain level. The selective effect of the digestive gut fluid of the earthworms on soil microorganisms is important for animal feeding, maintaining the homeostasis of the gut microbial community, and the formation of microbial communities in soils

The Upgraded D0 detector.

The DØ experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid-argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run I, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DØ