Fresh and hardened properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete produced with fibers of different lengths and diameters

Concrete is a brittle material which has a low tensile strength and a low tensile strain capacity. These weak points of concrete can be resolved by including fibers made of different materials with high technical specifications. This special type of concrete is known as Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) and exhibits superior properties in terms of ductility, fracture energy, toughness, strength and durability due to the addition of steel fibers when compared to conventional concrete. SFRC has a varied application area. In practice, steel fibers which have different lengths, diameters, and aspect ratios are used. These variable characteristics of steel fibers have highly influence on the performance of SFRC. The goal of this study is aimed at creating a standard foresight in determining the fiber types by comparing the steel fiber types which have the same tensile strengths and different lengths, diameters, and aspect ratios. For this purpose, the series of SFRC specimens which have the same concrete mixing ratios were produced by using steel fibers which have the same tensile strengths and different lengths, diameters, and aspect ratios. The fresh properties of the produced SFRC specimens were determined by the Slump test. The hardened properties were determined by compressive and flexural strength tests. It was shown that the fresh and hardened properties of the SFRC specimens were changed by steel fibers that had the same shapes, tensile strengths and different lengths, diameters, and aspect ratios. The optimum steel fiber types were determined according to the targeted fresh and hardened properties of SFRC

Effects of Wheat Drills and Primary Tillage on Stand Establishment and Early Growth of Wheat�

Agronom

Histopathological pattern of gynaecological malignancies: National Health Laboratory (NHL), Sudan

Gynaecological malignancies (GM) is a common cancer problem in both developing and developed countries .The burden of GM is more critical in developing countries, this is due to lack or deficient screening and late clinical presentation. The aim of this study is to study the histopathological pattern of GM in the NHL (National Health Laboratory) Sudan. Material &Methods: Clinical data, histopathological reports, stained tissue slides of patients diagnosed histologically as GM were revised from the archive of the department of histopathology and cytology at the NHL .Results: 372 patients diagnosed histologically as GM from 1st Jan 2009-31st Dec to the 1st Jan 2013 were studied. The commonest GM histological type was cervical malignancies, followed by ovarian, endometrial, vaginal, vulvar, choriocarcinoma and tubal cancer respectively .Conclusion: There is an urgent need for screening, early detection and prompt management for GM.Keywords: ,

Oral malignant melanoma: a rare case with unusual clinical presentation

Primary Oral malignant melanoma is a rare tumor with an indigent prognosis. This is a case report of 47-year-old Sudanese female diagnosed as Oral malignant melanoma of the mandible with an unusual pattern of growth and clinical presentation. Furthermore, a possibility of intraosseous origin is suggested.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Analiza rezultata dijagnostičke ekscizijske biopsije limfnih čvorova: 12-godišnje iskustvo jednog centra

Lymph node biopsy is indicated in patients with suspected malignancy or lymphadenopathy due to unclarified reasons. Lymph node biopsy can be performed as fine needle aspiration biopsy, core biopsy, or excisional lymph node biopsy. In particular, the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma is considered insufficient for oncological treatment unless classified into subgroups. Core biopsy and excisional biopsy can be performed to diagnose lymphoma and classify it into subgroups. Core biopsy may also be limited in some cases for the diagnosis of lymphoma. Therefore, patients are referred to surgical departments for excisional lymph node biopsy. It was aimed herein to analyze the results of excisional lymph node biopsies performed for diagnostic purposes in our department. Data on 73 patients having undergone diagnostic excisional lymph node biopsy at Sakarya University Medical Faculty Training and Research Hospital between January 2008 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, biopsy site, pathological diagnosis, number and diameter of lymph nodes excised. Patients younger than 18 years of age, those with sentinel lymph node biopsies, and lymph node dissections performed for any known malignancy were excluded from the study. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software. There were 37 (50.7%) female and 36 (49.3%) male patients, mean age 52.07 (18-90) years. Axillary lymph node biopsy was performed in 32 patients, inguinal lymph node biopsy in 29 patients, cervical lymph node biopsy in 3 patients, intra-abdominal lymph node biopsy in 6 patients, mediastinal lymph node biopsy in 1 patient, and supraclavicular lymph node biopsy in 2 patients. All of the lymph node biopsies were performed as excisional biopsy. Malignancy was detected in 36 (49.3%) patients. In 37 (50.3%) patients, the causes of lymphadenopathy were found to be benign pathologies. When the causes of malignant disease were examined, it was observed that 23 (31.5%) patients were diagnosed with lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma was detected in 5 patients diagnosed with lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was found in 18 patients. Metastatic lymphadenopathy was observed in 13 (17.8%) patients. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (26%) and lymphadenitis (20.5%) were found among the causes of benign lymphadenopathy. The number of excised lymph nodes was between 1 and 4, and their diameter was between 9 and 75 mm (mean: 29.53±15.56 mm). There was no statistically significant difference between benign and malignant patients according to gender, age, lymph node diameter, number of lymph nodes excised, and excisional lymph node biopsy site. For diagnostic lymph node biopsy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy and core biopsy should be performed primarily. If lymphoma is suspected in the diagnosis, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is not necessary. In this case, it is believed that it is more appropriate to perform core biopsy first. If the core biopsy is insufficient for diagnosis, it is more appropriate to perform surgical biopsy in order to cause no delay in diagnosis and treatment. Excisional biopsy is a method that can be safely performed and does not cause severe morbidity in palpable peripheral lymphadenopathies. Although it does not cause severe morbidity because it is an invasive procedure, excisional biopsy should be performed in a selected patient group.Biopsija limfnih čvorova indicirana je u bolesnika sa sumnjom na zloćudnu bolest ili s limfadenopatijom nejasnog uzroka. Biopsija limfnih čvorova može se izvesti kao tankoiglena aspiracijska biopsija, širokoiglena biopsija ili ekscizijska biopsija limfnih čvorova. Dijagnoza zloćudnog limfoma smatra se naročito nedostatnom za onkološko liječenje ako nije provedena klasifikacija u podskupine. Širokoiglena biopsija i ekscizijska biopsija mogu se provesti kako bi se dijagnosticirao limfom i klasificirao u podskupine. Širokoiglena biopsija može se također u nekim slučajevima pokazati ograničenom u dijagnosticiranju limfoma. Zato se bolesnici upućuju u kirurške odjele na ekscizijsku biopsiju limfnih čvorova. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je analizirati rezultate ekscizijskih biopsija limfnih čvorova izvedenih u dijagnostičke svrhe na našem odjelu. Retrospektivno su analizirani podaci za 73 bolesnika podvrgnutih dijagnostičkoj ekscizijskoj biopsiji limfnih čvorova u Sveučilišnoj bolnici Sakarya između siječnja 2008. i siječnja 2020. godine. Analizirani su sljedeći podaci: dob, spol, mjesto gdje je izvedena biopsija, patološka dijagnoza, broj i promjer ekscidiranih limfnih čvorova. Iz istraživanja su bili isključeni bolesnici mlađi od 18 godina, oni s biopsijom sentinel limfnih čvorova te oni s disekcijom limfnih čvorova zbog bilo kakve poznate zloćudne bolesti. Statistička analiza podataka provedena je pomoću statističkog programa SPSS. Bilo je 37 (50,7%) ženskih i 36 (49,3%) muških bolesnika srednje dobi od 52,07 (18-90) godina. Biopsija aksilarnih limfnih čvorova izvedena je u 32, ingvinalnih limfnih čvorova u 29, cervikalnih limfnih čvorova u 3, intra-abdominalnih limfnih čvorova u 6 bolesnika, mediastinalnih limfnih čvorova u 1 bolesnika i supraklavikularnih limfnih čvorova u 2 bolesnika. Sve biopsije limfnih čvorova izvedene su kao ekscizijske biopsije. Malignitet je otkriven u 36 (49,3%) bolesnika, dok su u 37 (50,3%) bolesnika uzroci limfadenopatije bile dobroćudne patologije. Ispitivanje uzroka zloćudne bolesti pokazalo je da je limfom bio dijagnosticiran u 23 (31,5%) bolesnika. Hodgkinov limfom otkriven je u 5 bolesnika u kojih je dijagnosticiran limfom, dok je ne-Hodgkinov limfom utvrđen u 18 bolesnika. Metastatska limfadenopatija zabilježena je u 13 (17,8%) bolesnika. Među uzrocima dobroćudne limfadenopatije nađeni su reaktivna limfoidna hiperplazija (26%) i limfadenitis (20,5%). Broj izvađenih limfnih čvorova bio je od 1 do 4, a njihov promjer bio je od 9 do 75 (srednja vrijednost 29,53±15,56) mm. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između bolesnika s dobroćudnom i zloćudnom limfadenopatijom u dobi, spolu, promjeru limfnih čvorova, broju izvađenih limfnih čvorova i mjesta izvođenja ekscizijske biopsije limfnih čvorova. Za dijagnostičku biopsiju limfnih čvorova treba najprije napraviti tankoiglenu aspiracijsku biopsiju i širokoiglenu biopsiju. Ako se dijagnostički posumnja na limfom tada tankoiglena aspiracijska biopsija nije potrebna. U tom slučaju smatra se da je primjerenije najprije napraviti širokoiglenu biopsiju. Ako se širokoiglena biopsija pokaže nedostanom za postavljanje dijagnoze tada je primjerenije napraviti kiruršku biopsiju kako ne bi došlo do kašnjenja u dijagnozi i liječenju. Ekscizijska biopsija je metoda koja se može sigurno izvoditi i ne uzrokuje teži pobol kod palpabilnih perifernih limfadenopatija. Iako ne uzrokuje teži pobol s obzirom na to da je invazivni postupak, ekscizijsku biopsiju treba izvoditi u odabranoj skupini bolesnika

Cholesterolosis in routine histopathological examination after cholecystectomy: What should a surgeon behold in the reports?

AbstractIntroduction: Cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures. Postoperative investigation of cholecystectomy specimen has a great value since histopathological reports may document some entities with significant clinical consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cholesterolosis and the reports indicating some histopathological alterations in symptomatic cholecystitis. Methods: This paper is based on a retrospective study. Histopathological reports of 432 cholecystectomy specimens between January 2011 and June 2013 were reviewed. Three reports were excluded due to perioperative diagnosis of cancer. Reports of 429 cholecystectomy specimens of the acute and symptomatic chronic cholecystitis patients were analyzed. Standardization of the reporting was questioned. Age, gender, histopathological wall thickness of gallbladder, reporting rates of acute inflammation, cholesterolosis, polypoid lesions, epithelial hyperplasia, gastric or intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and incidental cancer were investigated and compared between patients with and without cholesterolosis. Reported rates of histopathological findings were comparable between patients under and over 60 years old and patients with and without reported cholesterolosis. Results: Reported histopathological findings were presented as acute inflammation in 46 (10.7%), cholesterolosis in 79 (18.4%), gallbladder polypoid lesions in 7 (1.6%), epithelial hyperplasia in 16 (3.7%), metaplasia of any type in 34 (7.9%) of 429 patients. Dysplasia was excluded whereas one incidental gallbladder carcinoma was reported. Epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia were found to be related to age. Gallbladder wall thickness was decreased with cholesterolosis. However, only a correlation between cholesterolosis and gender or metaplasia was noted. Conclusion: Recent study suggests that cholesterolosis is somehow associated with metaplasia. Thus, surgeons should carefully interpret the histopathology reports based on unusual or exceptional findings corresponding to the cholecystectomy specimens. Any abnormal finding in the reports should be investigated in terms of the progress of the pathology and also its clinical consequences

Histopathological Features of Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Sudan: A Single-center Experience

Background: Periampullary tumors (PATs) are rare and Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy is the commonest surgical approach for its management. The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological features of Whipple-resected periampullary tumors in Sudanese patients.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 62 cases of Whipple resection seen in a center in Khartoum, Sudan from January 2016 to June 2021. The specimens were assessed for nine features of the tumor: site of the tumor (whether within the periampullary region), size of the tumor, histological type of the tumor, grade, perineural invasion, lymph vascular invasion, surgical margin status, lymph node metastasis status, and the pathological stage (pTNM).Results: In total, 62 cases, 40 (64.5%) males and 22 (35.5%) females, were included. Age ranged from 20 to 90 years with a mean age of 56.08 years (±12.98 SD). Of the 62 cases, 58 were malignant (93.5%), while 4 cases were benign (6.5%). The pancreas was the commonest site for malignant tumors (53.4%), followed by the ampulla (24.1%), duodenum (15.5%), and distal common bile duct tumors (DCBD) (7%). The maximum tumor size was 8 cm, and the number of lymph nodes resected ranged from 3 to 33. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) showed the highest percentage of perineural (62.1%) and lymphovascular (55.2%) invasions, and a positive margin was seen in four cases. The most common tumor stage was pT3pN1pMx.Conclusion: PATs in the Sudanese population showed histological diversity regarding subtyping, grading, and staging. Further studies involving molecular prognostic features will support improving patient management. Keywords: periampullary tumors; Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy; resection; histological features; Suda

The Effect of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the Development of Adhesion Formation in Laparotomized Rats: Experimental Study

Aims. This study determined the effects of a single dose of bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on adhesion formation in the rat cecal abrasion model. Methodology. Thirty female Wistar albino rats (200–224 g) were divided into three groups. All rats underwent laparotomy at which time cecal wall abrasion and abdominal wall injuries were induced. Group I (control) underwent only the abrasion procedure; Groups II and III received saline or bevacizumab intraperitoneally, respectively, following the abrasion. The rats were killed on postoperative day 7, and the severity of adhesions was evaluated, together with histopathological fibrosis parameters and immunohistochemical staining to identify the VEGF receptor. Results. The mean adhesion severity score in Groups I–III was 2.5 ± 0.52, 2.4 ± 0.69, and 0.7 ± 0.82, respectively; the score in Group III was significantly lower than that in Groups I (P < 0.001) and II (P < 0.001). In the histopathological evaluation, the mean fibrosis score in Group III was significantly lower that the scores in Groups I (P < 0.001) and II (P < 0.001). VEGF staining of the adhesion areas in Group III was significantly lower than that in Groups I (P < 0.001) and II (P < 0.001). Conclusion. Bevacizumab decreases adhesion formation following laparotomy in rats by blocking VEGF receptor occupancy

Massive inguinoscrotal bladder hernia causing hydronephrosis: Two cases

• Complete bladder herniation are very rare compared to incomplete bladder herniation. • Massive scrotal cystocele is usually defined with voiding symptoms. • CT, ultrasonography and retrograde cystogram should be performed to determine the involvement of the bladder in cases of massive inguinoscrotal hernias. • In massive scrotal hernia cases, bladder can protrude with the ureter causing hydronephrosis on the affected side. • It is necessary to place urinary catheter to empty the urinary bladder to manage the pain and to decrease the risk of injury of bladder during the surgery