Evaluation of the Impact of Different Types of Uncoupling on the Processing Capacity of Hump Yards

The paper considers the issue of evaluating the impact of different types of uncoupling to increase the processing capacity of hump yards to ensure high technical-economic indicators in the conditions of limited capital funds. Moreover it describes the mathematical formulation of the sorting slide. For the mathematical formulation, the sorting slide is taken as a surface that is uniquely projected onto a horizontal plane. Based on the results of calculations, more accurate data on the speeds of movement along the downhill part of the slide are determined. This data is compared with experimental results

advancing the evidence base for public policies impacting on dietary behaviour physical activity and sedentary behaviour in europe the policy evaluation network promoting a multidisciplinary approach

Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global mortality. As the social and economic costs of NCDs have escalated, action is needed to tackle important causes of many NCD's: low physical activity levels and unhealthy dietary behaviours. As these behaviours are driven by upstream factors, successful policy interventions are required that encourage healthy dietary behaviours, improve physical activity levels and reduce sedentary behaviours of entire populations. However, to date, no systematic research on the implementation and evaluation of policy interventions related to these health behaviours has been conducted across Europe. Consequently, no information on the merit, gaps, worth or utility of cross-European policy interventions is available, and no guidance or recommendations on how to enhance this knowledge across European countries exists. As part of the Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life" (JPI HDHL), 28 research institutes from seven European countries and New Zealand have combined their expertise to form the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN). PEN's aim is to advance tools to identify, evaluate, implement and benchmark policies designed to directly or indirectly target dietary behaviours, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in Europe, as well as to understand how these policies increase or decrease health inequalities. Using well-defined evaluation principles and methods, PEN will examine the content, implementation and impact of policies addressing dietary behaviour, physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour across Europe. It will realise the first steps in a bespoke health policy monitoring and surveillance system for Europe, and refine our knowledge of appropriate research designs and methods for the quantification of policy impact. It will contribute to our understanding of how to achieve successful transnational policy implementation and monitoring of these policies in different cultural, demographic or socioeconomic settings. PEN will consider equity and diversity aspects to ensure that policy actions are inclusive and culturally sensitive. Finally, based on three policy cases, PEN will illustrate how best to evaluate the implementation and impact of such policies in order to yield healthy diets and activity patterns that result in healthier lives for all European citizens

Advancing the evidence base for public policies impacting on dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Europe: the Policy Evaluation Network promoting a multidisciplinary approach

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global mortality. As the social and economic costs of NCDs have escalated, action is needed to tackle important causes of many NCD's: low physical activity levels and unhealthy dietary behaviours. As these behaviours are driven by upstream factors, successful policy interventions are required that encourage healthy dietary behaviours, improve physical activity levels and reduce sedentary behaviours of entire populations. However, to date, no systematic research on the implementation and evaluation of policy interventions related to these health behaviours has been conducted across Europe. Consequently, no information on the merit, gaps, worth or utility of cross-European policy interventions is available, and no guidance or recommendations on how to enhance this knowledge across European countries exists. As part of the Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life" (JPI HDHL), 28 research institutes from seven European countries and New Zealand have combined their expertise to form the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN). PEN's aim is to advance tools to identify, evaluate, implement and benchmark policies designed to directly or indirectly target dietary behaviours, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in Europe, as well as to understand how these policies increase or decrease health inequalities. Using well-defined evaluation principles and methods, PEN will examine the content, implementation and impact of policies addressing dietary behaviour, physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour across Europe. It will realise the first steps in a bespoke health policy monitoring and surveillance system for Europe, and refine our knowledge of appropriate research designs and methods for the quantification of policy impact. It will contribute to our understanding of how to achieve successful transnational policy implementation and monitoring of these policies in different cultural, demographic or socioeconomic settings. PEN will consider equity and diversity aspects to ensure that policy actions are inclusive and culturally sensitive. Finally, based on three policy cases, PEN will illustrate how best to evaluate the implementation and impact of such policies in order to yield healthy diets and activity patterns that result in healthier lives for all European citizens

Dietary behaviour and physical activity policies in Europe: learnings from the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN)

The European Policy Evaluation Network (PEN), initiated in autumn 2018, aimed at advancing the evidence base for public policies impacting dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Europe. This is needed because non-communicable diseases-the leading cause of global mortality-are substantially caused by physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary behaviours, which in turn are driven by upstream factors that have not yet been addressed effectively by prevention approaches. Thus, successful policy interventions are required that target entire populations and tackle the 'causes of the causes'. To advance our knowledge on the effective implementation of policies and their impact in terms of improving health behaviours, PEN focused on five research tasks: (i) Adaptation and implementation of a Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) and development of a Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI); (ii) Mapping of health-related indicators needed for policy evaluation and facilitating a harmonized pan-European approach for surveillance to assess the impact of policy interventions; (iii) Refining quantitative methods to evaluate the impact of public policies; (iv) Identifying key barriers and facilitators of implementation of policies; and (v) Advance understanding the equity impact of the development, implementation and evaluation of policies aimed at promoting physical activity and a healthy diet. Finally, and in order to provide concrete evidence for policymaking, existing exemplary policies, namely sugar-sweetened beverages taxation, active transport policies and school policies on nutrition and physical activity were assessed in consideration of these five tasks. At the end of the PEN project's formal runtime, considerable advancements have been made. Here, we present an overview of the most important learnings and outputs

Genetic screens identify a context-specific PI3K/p27Kip1 node driving extrahepatic biliary cancer

Biliary tract cancer ranks among the most lethal human malignancies, representing an unmet clinical need. Its abysmal prognosis is tied to an increasing incidence and a fundamental lack of mechanistic knowledge regarding the molecular basis of the disease. Here, we show that the Pdx1-positive extrahepatic biliary epithelium is highly susceptible toward transformation by activated PIK3CAH1047R but refractory to oncogenic KrasG12D. Using genome-wide transposon screens and genetic loss-of-function experiments, we discover context-dependent genetic interactions that drive extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and show that PI3K signaling output strength and repression of the tumor suppressor p27Kip1 are critical context-specific determinants of tumor formation. This contrasts with the pancreas, where oncogenic Kras in concert with p53 loss is a key cancer driver. Notably, inactivation of p27Kip1 permits KrasG12D-driven ECC development. These studies provide a mechanistic link between PI3K signaling, tissue-specific tumor suppressor barriers, and ECC pathogenesis, and present a novel genetic model of autochthonous ECC and genes driving this highly lethal tumor subtype

Corporate values of companies listed in Warsaw stock exchange

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to identify the corporate values of companies listed on Warsaw Stock of Exchange in Poland. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to achieve the main goal, 250 Stock Exchange Companies were analysed. More than 50% of the enterprises were examined to form the beginning of the works on distinguishing the key values followed by the companies listed on the Polish stock exchange. Findings: Identification and typology of corporate values, taking into the account the WIG20, mWIG40 and sWIG80 ratings Practical Implications: The result of this research is expected to give implication for business actor of all companies operating on the Polish market. Originality/Value: Identification of the corporate values of companies listed on the Polish Stock Exchange. The classification and grouping of the values with the use of an expert method. Developing rankings of key values and calculation of correlative dependence concerning the distinguished companies. Checking the impact of key corporate values on the position in the ranking of stock exchange quota.peer-reviewe

Research on the Use of Mobile Devices and Headphones on Pedestrian Crossings—Pilot Case Study from Slovakia

The topic of the use of mobile devices and headphones on pedestrian crossings is much less explored in comparison to the use of the mobile phone while driving. Recent years have seen many discussions on this issue, especially in foreign countries. The Slovak Republic, however, has not been giving it enough attention (and it is not mentioned in the National Road Safety Plan for the Slovak Republic from 2011 to 2020). This paper aims to draw attention to this issue. It presents basic outputs of a pilot study on pedestrian safety, with a focus on the use of mobile devices and headphones at selected non-signalized pedestrian crossings in three Slovak cities. Overall, 9% of pedestrians used headphones or mobile devices at observed pedestrian crossings (4% of them used headphones, 1% used headphones and at same time used their mobile phone, 2% made phone calls and 2% used their mobile phones). While these numbers can be considered relatively low, the study proved that during weekdays every 2 min someone was using the crossing without fully focusing on crossing the road safely. Another main finding was that although the safety risk at pedestrian crossings is increased by factors such as rush hour traffic or reduced visibility, pedestrian behavior related to the use of mobile phones and headphones does not change. A safety assessment was also carried out at the crossings. The results show that pedestrian behavior is not affected by the level of safety of the crossing (e.g., visibility of the crossing for drivers). The results of the presented analysis suggest that action is needed to change that. Due to the lack of information about accidents involving pedestrians using mobile phones and headsets when crossing the road, no relevant statistical data could be analyzed. The dataset collected can be used as a basis for further investigation or comparisons with other countries of the relevant indicators. In future work, we would like to include a pedestrian–driver interaction factor focusing on driver speed behavior in relation to pedestrians (who are on or are about to step onto a pedestrian crossing) and identify critical situations caused by improper behavior of drivers and/or pedestrians. This will help to understand speed adjustment problems related to pedestrian crossings

Könsskillnader i upplevelse av lika villkor på arbetet. : - enkätundersökning på ett teknikkonsultföretag.

Vårt syfte var att undersöka könsskillnad i upplevelse av lika villkor på arbetet för kvinnor och män vid ett teknikkonsultföretag med 739 anställda. Tidigare forskning har visat skillna-der i lika villkor på arbetet mellan kvinnor och män (Harris, Gilbreath & Sunday, 2002; Ma-rongiu & Ekehammar, 1999; Wicks & Bradshaw, 1999). Vi undersökte om könsskillnaden kunde förklaras utifrån fyra prediktorer: arbetsbelastning, lön och andra belöningsformer, arbetsplatsklimat samt utvecklingsmöjligheter. För datainsamling distribuerade vi en enkät till samtliga anställda (N=418). Gruppjämförelsen visade att kvinnor upplevde lika villkor för könen i mindre utsträckning än män. Multipel regressions analys för kvinnor visade att upp-levelse av lika villkor kunde prediceras till 47,2% utifrån modellen och att samtliga fyra pre-diktorer var signifikanta. Mäns upplevelse av lika villkor kunde prediceras till 9,5% utifrån modellen och två av prediktorerna, arbetsplatsklimat och utvecklingsmöjligheter var signifi-kanta. Resultaten diskuteras ur organisations- och samhällsperspektiv samt i relation till tidi-gare studier.Nyckelord: arbetsbelastning, arbetsplatsklimat, könsskillnad, lön och andra belöningsformer, utvecklingsmöjligheter.Our aim was to investigate gender difference in experience of equal conditions at work for women and men at a technical consultancy organization with 739 employees. Earlier studies have shown differences in work conditions for women and men (Harris, Gilbreath & Sunday, 2002; Marongiu & Ekehammar, 1999; Wicks & Bradshaw, 1999). We investigated if gender differences could be explained by four predictor variables: workload, salary and other forms of rewards, workplace climate and development opportunities. To collect data we distributed a survey to all employees (N=418). A group comparison confirmed that women experienced less equal conditions for the genders than men did. Multiple regression analyses for women showed that our model predicted 47.2% of the variance displayed in the criterion variable. All four predictor variables were significantly related with women’s experience of equal condi-tions at work. For men the model predicted 9.5% of the variance displayed in the criterion variable. Workplace climate and development opportunities were significantly related with men’s experience of equal conditions at work. The results are discussed from both an organ-izational and society view in relation to earlier findings.Keywords: workload, workplace climate, gender difference, salary and other forms of rewards, development opportunities

Road Safety Trends at National Level in Europe: A Review of Time-series Analysis Performed during the Period 2000-12

This paper presents a review of time-series analysis of road safety trends, aggregated at a national level, which has been performed in the period 2000-2012 and applied to European national data sets covering long time periods. It provides a guideline and set of best practices in the area of time-series modelling and identifies the latest methods and applications of national road safety trend analysis in Europe. The paper begins with the methodological framework adopted for aggregate time-series modelling that will be considered, and then discusses a number of relevant applications to long-period data aggregated at the national level, whether for countries alone, or for groups of countries. Some analyses, which were performed at the disaggregated level, are also provided, as they are being used more and more. Finally, the paper summarizes and discusses the significant changes in aggregate road safety trend analysis which occurred during the period and provides recommendations for continuing these research efforts