Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Розроблення алгоритму прогнозування продуктивності хмарних сервісів

Main stages of data center service performance prediction were discussed, specifically data monitoring and gathering, calculation and prediction of key indexes and performance index prediction. It was proposed to build data center service performance prediction algorithm based on an analysis of the service transactions index, service resource occupancy index and service performance index. Prediction of the indexes is based on chaotic time series analysis that was used to estimate service transactions index time series trend, the radar chart method to calculate the service resource occupancy index value and weighted average method to calculate service performance index. For performance prediction, it is proposed to use a fuzzy judgment matrix with the service transactions index and service resource occupancy index as input values. It was taken into consideration that service transactions index is usually represented by nonlinear time series and thus the index time series parameters had to be predicted by chaos theory and for the calculation of this index, the estimation procedure of Lyapunov exponent value can be used. The radar chart demonstrates service resource occupancy index estimation of shared storage, mobile storage, memory, computational capability and network bandwidth. The prediction technique was based on the fuzzy nearness category that use input values of transactions index and dynamic changes of the service resource occupancy index.Проведен анализ основных этапов прогнозирования эффективности обслуживания центров обработки данных, в частности мониторинга и сбора данных, расчета и прогнозирования ключевых аспектов и прогнозирование коэффициентов производительности. Предложено построение алгоритма прогнозирования эффективности обслуживания центра обработки данных на основе анализа коэффициента транзакции, коэффициента использования машинных ресурсов и коэффициента производительности сервиса. Прогнозирование коэффициентов основано на анализе временных рядов, который использовался для оценки временных рядов коэффициента транзакций, метода радар-диаграммы для расчета значения коэффициента использования машинных ресурсов и средневзвешенного метода оценки для расчета коэффициента производительности сервиса. Для прогнозирования производительности предлагается использовать матрицу нечетких суждений с коэффициентом транзакций и коэффициентом занятости ресурса службы в качестве входных значений. Указано, что коэффициент служебных операций обычно представлен нелинейными временными рядами, и, следовательно, параметры временного ряда коэффициента должны быть предсказаны теорией хаоса, а значит для расчета этого коэффициента может быть использована процедура расчета экспоненты Ляпунова. Радарная диаграмма демонстрирует оценку коэффициента использования машинных ресурсов для общего хранилища данных, мобильных хранилищ, памяти, вычислительных возможностей и пропускной способности сети. Метод прогнозирования основывался на категории нечетких приближений, которые используют входные значения коэффициента транзакций и динамические изменения коэффициента использования машинных ресурсов.Виконано аналіз основних етапів прогнозування ефективності обслуговування центрів оброблення даних, зокрема моніторингу і збирання даних, розрахунку і прогнозу ключових аспектів та прогнозування коефіцієнтів продуктивності. Запропоновано побудову алгоритму прогнозування ефективності обслуговування центру оброблення даних на основі аналізу коефіцієнта транзакції, коефіцієнта використання машинних ресурсів і коефіцієнта продуктивності сервісу. Прогнозування коефіцієнтів ґрунтується на аналізі часових рядів, що використовувався для оцінювання часових рядів коефіцієнта транзакцій, методу радар-діаграми для розрахунку значення коефіцієнта застосування машинних ресурсів і середньозваженого методу оцінювання для розрахунку коефіцієнта продуктивності сервісу. Для прогнозування продуктивності запропоновано використати матрицю нечітких суджень з коефіцієнтом транзакцій і коефіцієнтом зайнятості ресурсу служби як вхідних значень. Указано, що коефіцієнт службових операцій подається нелінійними часовими рядами, і, отже, параметри часового ряду коефіцієнта мають бути передбачені теорією хаосу, а тому для розрахунку цього коефіцієнта можна застосувати процедуру розрахунку експоненти Ляпунова. Радарна діаграма демонструє оцінку коефіцієнта використання машинних ресурсів для загального сховища даних, мобільних сховищ, пам’яті обчислювальних можливостей і пропускної здатності мережі. Метод прогнозування ґрунтується на категорії нечітких наближень з використанням вхідних значень коефіцієнта транзакцій і динамічних змін коефіцієнта застосування машинних ресурсів

Control of spontaneous emission rate in luminescent resonant diamond particles

We study the properties of luminescent diamond particles of different sizes (up to ~1.5 μm) containing multiple NV-centers. We theoretically predict that the average liftetime in such particles is decreased by several times as compared to optically small subwavelength nanodiamonds. In our experiments, samples were obtained by milling the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited diamond film, and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and dark- field spectroscopy methods. Time-resolved luminescence measurements of the excited state of NV-centers showed that their average lifetime varies from 10 to 17 ns in different samples. By comparing this data to the values of the lifetime of the NV-centers in optically small nanodiamonds, known from literature, we confirm a severalfold decrease of the lifetime in resonant particles.This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant no. 17-72-10280

Thermodynamics of Formation and Disordering of YBaCo₂O_6-δ Double Perovskite as a Base for Novel Dense Ceramic Membrane Materials

Differential scanning calorimetry studies of the complex oxide YBaCo2O6-δ (YBC), combined with the literature data, allowed outlining the phase behavior of YBC depending on the oxygen content and temperature between 298 K and 773 K. The oxygen nonstoichiometry of single-phase tetragonal YBC was measured at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures by both thermogravimetric and flow reactor methods. The defect structure of YBC was analyzed. As a result, the thermodynamic functions (∆Hi○, ∆Si○) of the defect reactions in YBC were determined. Experimental data on the oxygen content and those calculated based on the theoretical model were shown to be in good agreement. Standard enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K (∆Hf○) were obtained for YBC depending on its oxygen content using solution calorimetry. It was found that ∆Hf○ = f(6-δ) function is linear in the range of (6-δ) from 5.018 to 5.406 and that its slope is close to the value of the enthalpy of the quasichemical reaction describing oxygen exchange between the oxide and ambient atmosphere, which confirms the reliability of the suggested defect structure model

Phase Behavior and Defect Structure of HoBaCo₂O_6-δ

The differential scanning calorimetry study showed that the double perovskite HoBaCo2O6-δ (HBC), depending on its oxygen content, undergoes three phase transitions in the temperature range 298–773 K. Their origin was tentatively explained using the relevant literature data. For the single-phase tetragonal HBC, the oxygen nonstoichiometry dependences on the oxygen partial pressure were investigated by thermogravimetric and flow reactor methods in the intermediate-temperature range of 573–773 K. The proposed defect structure of HBC was successfully verified using the obtained data on its oxygen nonstoichiometry combined with those reported earlier. As a result, the values of the thermodynamic parameters (∆Hi∘, ∆Si∘) of the defect reactions proceeding in HBC were determined. The defect structure of HBC was shown to be similar to that of YBaCo2O6-δ (YBC) likely due to similar ionic radii of Ho3+ and Y3+