IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON AVERAGE ANNUAL AIR TEMPERATURE IN VARAŽDIN

Climate change implies a statistically significant change in the long-term mean state or characteristics of the variability of climate elements. It can be caused by natural and/or anthropogenic factors. Recent global warming is often cited as an example of human-induced climate change. Global warming refers to the increasing trend of the average global surface temperature of the Earth, defined as the global average of the mean annual surface temperature of the ocean, usually to a depth of 30-100 cm, and the mean annual surface temperature of the air above the land at a height of 1-2 m above the ground. In 1988, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) established the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which assesses the state of the climate and the risk of climate change caused by human activities.To project climate change, it is necessary to determine the future emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. According to the IPCC, with appropriate scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, an increase in the average global surface temperature of 1.5 °C to 4 °C is predicted by the end of the 21st century. The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship between the trend and variability of the global average of the mean annual surface temperature on Earth and the trend of the mean annual air surface temperature in Varaždin for the period 1949-2021. The results show significant correlations among them because Varaždin is located in an big area of surface air temperature anomalies which has a significant contribution to a global average anomalies in several last decades

Comparison of concentration activities of ruthenium isotopes measured over Slovenia and Serbia

6th International Conference on Radiation and Applications in Various Fields of Research (RAD), Book of Abstracts, Jun 18-22, 2018, Ohrid, Macedoni

Implementation of a Virtual Interprofessional ICU Learning Collaborative: Successes, Challenges, and Initial Reactions From the Structured Team- Based Optimal Patient-Centered Care for Virus COVID-19 Collaborators

IMPORTANCE: Initial Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory illness Universal Study (VIRUS) Registry analysis suggested that improvements in critical care processes offered the greatest modifiable opportunity to improve critically ill COVID-19 patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The Structured Team-based Optimal Patient-Centered Care for Virus COVID-19 ICU Collaborative was created to identify and speed implementation of best evidence based COVID-19 practices. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This 6-month project included volunteer interprofessional teams from VIRUS Registry sites, who received online training on the Checklist for Early Recognition and Treatment of Acute Illness and iNjury approach, a structured and systematic method for delivering evidence based critical care. Collaborators participated in weekly 1-hour videoconference sessions on high impact topics, monthly quality improvement (QI) coaching sessions, and received extensive additional resources for asynchronous learning. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes included learner engagement, satisfaction, and number of QI projects initiated by participating teams. RESULTS: Eleven of 13 initial sites participated in the Collaborative from March 2, 2021, to September 29, 2021. A total of 67 learners participated in the Collaborative, including 23 nurses, 22 physicians, 10 pharmacists, nine respiratory therapists, and three nonclinicians. Site attendance among the 11 sites in the 25 videoconference sessions ranged between 82% and 100%, with three sites providing at least one team member for 100% of sessions. The majority reported that topics matched their scope of practice (69%) and would highly recommend the program to colleagues (77%). A total of nine QI projects were initiated across three clinical domains and focused on improving adherence to established critical care practice bundles, reducing nosocomial complications, and strengthening patient- and family-centered care in the ICU. Major factors impacting successful Collaborative engagement included an engaged interprofessional team; an established culture of engagement; opportunities to benchmark performance and accelerate institutional innovation, networking, and acclaim; and ready access to data that could be leveraged for QI purposes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Use of a virtual platform to establish a learning collaborative to accelerate the identification, dissemination, and implementation of critical care best practices for COVID-19 is feasible. Our experience offers important lessons for future collaborative efforts focused on improving ICU processes of care

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

The geostatistical model of spatial distribution of mean daily air temperature in the Republic of Croatia

Geostatistika spada u granu geomatematike koja se bavi analizom prostornih podataka u svrhu kvantificiranja i modeliranja njihove prostorne korelacije. U geostatistici, a katkad uz određene prilagodbe i u meteorologiji, računalni programi poput Surfera, ArcGIS-a itd. koriste se za analizu prostorne distribucije meteoroloških elemenata. Prostornu distribuciju meteoroloških elemenata moguće je grafički prikazati izradom variograma i konturnih karata u računalnom programu Surfer. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je proučavanje prostorne raspodjele srednjih dnevnih temperatura zraka u Republici Hrvatskoj (RH) u dva 30 - godišnja klimatska razdoblja: 1961. – 1990. i 1991. – 2020. Podaci o vrijednostima srednjih dnevnih temperatura zraka na 30 promatranih meteoroloških postaja, preuzeti su iz Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda Republike Hrvatske (DHMZ). Variografska analiza srednjih godišnjih temperatura zraka u primorskoj, nizinskoj i gorskoj regiji RH provedena je u računalnom programu Surfer. Izrađene su konturne karte pomoću kojih će se pokušati ustvrditi postoji li porast ili opadanje godišnjih prosjeka temperature zraka između dva navedena razdoblja. Rezultati geostatističkog modela uspoređeni su s rezultatima regionalnog klimatskog modela (RegCM). Također, testirana je hipoteza o statističkoj značajnosti trenda porasta srednje dnevne temperature zraka za meteorološku postaju u Ogulinu za razdoblje 1961. – 2021.Geostatistics is a branch of geomathematics that deals with the analysis of spatial data for the purpose of quantifying and modeling their spatial correlation. In geostatistics, and sometimes with certain adjustments in meteorology, computer programs such as Surfer, ArcGIS, etc. are used to analyze the spatial distribution of meteorological elements. The spatial distribution of meteorological elements can be displayed graphically by creating variograms and contour maps in the Surfer computer programme.. The main goal of this research is to study the variability of mean annual air temperatures in two 30-year-long periods: 1961 – 1990 and 1991 – 2020 in the territory of the Republic of Croatia. The data on mean daily air temperatures at 30 observed meteorological stations were taken from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (CMHS). A variographic analysis of annual average air temperatures in the Republic of Croatia's coastal, lowland and mountainous regions was carried out in the Sufer computer programme. Contour maps were created to determine whether there was an increase or decrease in annual average air temperatures between the two mentioned periods. The results of the geostatistical model created in Surfer were compared with the Regional Climate Model (RegCM) results. Also, a hypothesis about the statistical significance of the trend for an average daily increase in an air temperature at the meteorological station in Ogulin in the period from 1961 to 2021 was tested

Statistical analysis of climate changes impact on average daily temperature at the Varaždin city area

Klimatska promjena podrazumijeva statistički značajnu promjenu srednjeg stanja ili promjenjivost klimatskih elemenata. Može biti uzrokovana prirodnim ili antropogenim čimbenicima. Globalno zatopljenje često se navodi kao primjer klimatskih promjena. Odnosi se na se na trenutni porast prosječne temperature oceana i zraka. Svjetska meteorološka organizacija (WMO) i Program Ujedinjenih naroda za okoliš (UNEP) osnovali su Međuvladin panel za klimatske promjene (IPCC) koji procjenjuje rizik od klimatskih promjena uzrokovanih ljudskim aktivnostima. Prema izvješću IPCCa iz 2007. godine, prosječne Zemljine površinske temperature porasle su za oko 0,74 °C (1,33 °F) tijekom posljednjih 100 godina. Za projiciranje promjena klime potrebno je odrediti buduće emisije plinova staklenika u atmosferu. U posljednjem desetljeću 21. stoljeća predviđa se porast od 1,8 °C do 4 °C s obzirom na zadnjih 20 godina 20. stoljeća. Svrha ovog rada je pokazati povezanost između globalne i srednje dnevne temperature u Varaždinu.Climate change implies a statistically significant change in the mean state or variability of climatic elements. It can be caused by natural or anthropogenic factors. Global warming is often cited as an example of climate change. It refers to the current rise in average ocean and air temperatures. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) have established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which assesses the risk of climate change caused by human activities. According to an IPCC report in 2007, average Earth surface temperatures have risen by about 0.74 °C (1.33 °F) over the last 100 years. To project climate change, it is necessary to determine future greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. In the last decade of the 21st century, it is estimated that the temperatures will rise by 1.8 °C to 4 °C in comparison to the last 20 years of the 20th century. The purpose of this paper is to show the connection between global and mean daily temperatures in Varaždin

Statistical analysis of climate changes impact on average daily temperature at the Varaždin city area

Klimatska promjena podrazumijeva statistički značajnu promjenu srednjeg stanja ili promjenjivost klimatskih elemenata. Može biti uzrokovana prirodnim ili antropogenim čimbenicima. Globalno zatopljenje često se navodi kao primjer klimatskih promjena. Odnosi se na se na trenutni porast prosječne temperature oceana i zraka. Svjetska meteorološka organizacija (WMO) i Program Ujedinjenih naroda za okoliš (UNEP) osnovali su Međuvladin panel za klimatske promjene (IPCC) koji procjenjuje rizik od klimatskih promjena uzrokovanih ljudskim aktivnostima. Prema izvješću IPCCa iz 2007. godine, prosječne Zemljine površinske temperature porasle su za oko 0,74 °C (1,33 °F) tijekom posljednjih 100 godina. Za projiciranje promjena klime potrebno je odrediti buduće emisije plinova staklenika u atmosferu. U posljednjem desetljeću 21. stoljeća predviđa se porast od 1,8 °C do 4 °C s obzirom na zadnjih 20 godina 20. stoljeća. Svrha ovog rada je pokazati povezanost između globalne i srednje dnevne temperature u Varaždinu.Climate change implies a statistically significant change in the mean state or variability of climatic elements. It can be caused by natural or anthropogenic factors. Global warming is often cited as an example of climate change. It refers to the current rise in average ocean and air temperatures. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) have established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which assesses the risk of climate change caused by human activities. According to an IPCC report in 2007, average Earth surface temperatures have risen by about 0.74 °C (1.33 °F) over the last 100 years. To project climate change, it is necessary to determine future greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. In the last decade of the 21st century, it is estimated that the temperatures will rise by 1.8 °C to 4 °C in comparison to the last 20 years of the 20th century. The purpose of this paper is to show the connection between global and mean daily temperatures in Varaždin