Extensión Universitaria. Salud Bucal

La experiencia de Odontología Social III, de la Facultad de Odontología de Rosario se organiza a partir de la Extensión Universitaria. Esta, desarrolla en escuelas un programa de promoción de la salud, según la Estrategia de Atención Primaria de la Salud Bucal. La Extensión Universitaria es entendida como  la organización de un servicio a la comunidad sostenido en tiempo y espacio, retroalimentado con la comunidad misma en un intercambio de mutuo fortalecimiento. Académicamente se enmarca como docencia e investigación participativa (Menin 2001). A partir del año 1993, se comienzan a elaborar datos epidemiológicos en relación a salud bucal, esto permitió evaluar los procesos de salud-enfermedad relacionados con la caries dental y sus condiciones de riesgo en cada grupo, ordenados por grado y en cada escuela siguiendo los lineamientos de OPS en la construcción de indicadores y análisis de población según parámetros de severidad. En 1997, se incorporaron las TICs que facilitaron el análisis de datos con una mayor profundización y precisión construyéndose datos epidemiológicos por grado, por escuela y para el conjunto de la población participante. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto del programa en las distintas escuelas en las que se desarrolla, en un período que va de 1997 a 2011. Se toman como indicadores los índices CPOD/S, ceod/s, observándose el perfil epidemiológico de los procesos de salud-enfermedad-atención. A su vez esta producción colectiva, que anualmente se actualiza, se constituye en un insumo indispensable en el marco curricular de la cátedra, ya que es incorporada como un contenido programático. En este sentido, los indicadores obtenidos se entienden como un punto de partida basal del proceso de construcción de conocimiento de la realidad, avanzándose en investigación de la situación contextual particular que permiten darle sentido a los datos. A su vez esta metodología permite reorientar las acciones futuras de todos los actores.  

Pyrimidine Pathway-Dependent and -Independent Functions of the Toxoplasma gondii Mitochondrial Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is a proven drug target for inducing immunosuppression in therapy of human disease as well as a rapidly emerging drug target for treatment of malaria. In Toxoplasma gondii, disruption of the first, fifth, or sixth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis induced uracil aux- otrophy. However, previous attempts to generate uracil auxotrophy by genetically deleting the mitochondrion-associated DHODH of T. gondii (Tg DHODH) failed. To further address the essentiality of Tg DHODH, mutant gene alleles deficient in Tg DHODH activity were designed to ablate the enzyme activity. Replacement of the endogenous DHODH gene with catalytically deficient DHODH gene alleles induced uracil auxotrophy. Catalytically deficient Tg DHODH localized to the mitochondria, and parasites retained mitochondrial membrane potential. These results show that Tg DHODH is essential for the synthesis of pyrimidines and suggest that Tg DHODH is required for a second essential function independent of its role in pyrimidine biosynthesis

On a class of embeddings of massive Yang-Mills theory

A power-counting renormalizable model into which massive Yang-Mills theory is embedded is analyzed. The model is invariant under a nilpotent BRST differential s. The physical observables of the embedding theory, defined by the cohomology classes of s in the Faddeev-Popov neutral sector, are given by local gauge-invariant quantities constructed only from the field strength and its covariant derivatives.Comment: LATEX, 34 pages. One reference added. Version published in the journa

Higher-order non-symmetric counterterms in pure Yang-Mills theory

We analyze the restoration of the Slavnov-Taylor (ST) identities for pure massless Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge within the BPHZL renormalization scheme with IR regulator. We obtain the most general form of the action-like part of the symmetric regularized action, obeying the relevant ST identities and all other relevant symmetries of the model, to all orders in the loop expansion. We also give a cohomological characterization of the fulfillment of BPHZL IR power-counting criterion, guaranteeing the existence of the limit where the IR regulator goes to zero. The technique analyzed in this paper is needed in the study of the restoration of the ST identities for those models, like the MSSM, where massless particles are present and no invariant regularization scheme is known to preserve the full set of ST identities of the theory.Comment: Final version published in the journa

International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force Consensus Proposal: Diagnostic approach to epilepsy in dogs

This article outlines the consensus proposal on diagnosis of epilepsy in dogs by the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force. The aim of this consensus proposal is to improve consistency in the diagnosis of epilepsy in the clinical and research settings. The diagnostic approach to the patient presenting with a history of suspected epileptic seizures incorporates two fundamental steps: to establish if the events the animal is demonstrating truly represent epileptic seizures and if so, to identify their underlying cause. Differentiation of epileptic seizures from other non-epileptic episodic paroxysmal events can be challenging. Criteria that can be used to make this differentiation are presented in detail and discussed. Criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy (IE) are described in a three-tier system. Tier I confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on a history of two or more unprovoked epileptic seizures occurring at least 24 h apart, age at epileptic seizure onset of between six months and six years, unremarkable inter-ictal physical and neurological examination, and no significant abnormalities on minimum data base blood tests and urinalysis. Tier II confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on the factors listed in tier I and unremarkable fasting and post-prandial bile acids, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain (based on an epilepsy-specific brain MRI protocol) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Tier III confidence level for the diagnosis of IE is based on the factors listed in tier I and II and identification of electroencephalographic abnormalities characteristic for seizure disorders. The authors recommend performing MRI of the brain and routine CSF analysis, after exclusion of reactive seizures, in dogs with age at epileptic seizure onset 6 years, inter-ictal neurological abnormalities consistent with intracranial neurolocalisation, status epilepticus or cluster seizure at epileptic seizure onset, or a previous presumptive diagnosis of IE and drug-resistance with a single antiepileptic drug titrated to the highest tolerable dose

Specific phobia predicts psychopathology in young women

Contains fulltext : 90255.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Although specific phobia is characterized by an early age at onset and by high rates of comorbidity, few studies have examined comorbid relationships prospectively. The present study investigated the association between specific phobia and the risk of a broad range of psychopathology among young women in the community. Data came from the Dresden Predictor Study in which 1,538 German women (18-25 years) completed a diagnostic interview at two time points. Women with specific phobia had a twofold increase in odds of developing any anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and any somatoform disorder during 17 months, compared to women without specific phobia. Except for depression, these associations persisted after adjustment for all comorbid mental disorders. Specific phobia thus appears to be a risk factor for a variety of problems. The result further underpins the necessity for early intervention for specific phobia to prevent later mental health problems

Drought-Adaptation Potential in Fagus sylvatica: Linking Moisture Availability with Genetic Diversity and Dendrochronology

<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Microevolution is essential for species persistence especially under anticipated climate change scenarios. Species distribution projection models suggested that the dominant tree species of lowland forests in Switzerland, European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.), might disappear from most areas due to expected longer dry periods. However, if genotypes at the moisture boundary of the species climatic envelope are adapted to lower moisture availability, they can serve as seed source for the continuation of beech forests under changing climates.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>With an AFLP genome scan approach, we studied neutral and potentially adaptive genetic variation in <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> in three regions containing a dry and a mesic site each (<em>n</em>_ind. = 241, <em>n</em>_markers = 517). We linked this dataset with dendrochronological growth measures and local moisture availabilities based on precipitation and soil characteristics. Genetic diversity decreased slightly at dry sites. Overall genetic differentiation was low (<em>F</em>_st = 0.028) and Bayesian cluster analysis grouped all populations together suggesting high (historical) gene flow. The Bayesian outlier analyses indicated 13 markers with three markers differing between all dry and mesic sites and the others between the contrasting sites within individual regions. A total of 41 markers, including seven outlier loci, changed their frequency with local moisture availability. Tree height and median basal growth increments were reduced at dry sites, but marker presence/absence was not related to dendrochronological characteristics.</p> <h3>Conclusion and Their Significance</h3><p>The outlier alleles and the makers with changing frequencies in relation to moisture availability indicate microevolutionary processes occurring within short geographic distances. The general genetic similarity among sites suggests that ‘preadaptive’ genes can easily spread across the landscape. Yet, due to the long live span of trees, fostering saplings originating from dry sites and grown within mesic sites might increase resistance of beech forests during the anticipated longer dry periods.</p> </div

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO