The linguistic aspects of the elderly people language communication

The main purpose of the herein article is to describe the language and curiosity of the elderly people communication. This article presents basic biological, social and psychological changes occurring together with ageing and their impact on the elderly people linguistic attributions. All enclosed conclusions are supported by professional literature as well as by remarks coming from the field research carried out among people over 60 years old.The main purpose of the herein article is to describe the language and curiosity of the elderly people communication. This article presents basic biological, social and psychological changes occurring together with ageing and their impact on the elderly people linguistic attributions. All enclosed conclusions are supported by professional literature as well as by remarks coming from the field research carried out among people over 60 years old

Bezpieczeństwo i komfort w przestrzeni miejskiej. Analiza występowania przestrzeni społecznie zdegradowanych w centrum Katowic

The quality of life is largely determines by the space. The more friendly is space, the better is evaluation of its functioning and existing. Some places in the city space are particularly important because of their functions. The center of city significantly influences on the opinion about the whole city. This article presents a part of research results which were conducted to determine the occurrence of socially degraded space in the city center of Katowice and residents’ and users’ opinions about functionality of the city center

Antimycobacterial antibody level in pleural, pericardial and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculosis

The goal of the study was to evaluate IgG, IgA and IgM mediated humoral immune response against 38kDa and 16 kDa or 38kDa and LAM mycobacterial antigens in pleural, pericardial or cerebrospinal fluidfrompatients with tuberculosis (TB) and to compare to non-tuberculous controls (NTB). 30 cerebrospinal fluids(CSF)(16 TB pts and 14 NTB pts),17 pericardial fluids(6 TB and 11 NTB)and 20 pleural fluids(7 TB and 13 NTB) were examined. Commercially available ELISA-based as says (Pathozyme Tb complex plus, Myco G, A and M - Omega Diagnostic) were used. Tests were performed and cut off established according to manufacturer instruction. Mean IgG level against 38 + 16kDa was significantly higher in neurotuberculosis group compared to control (p < 0.05). Sensitivity of the test in detecting neurotuberculosis was of 42% and specificity of 96%. Mean IgG, IgA and IgM against 38kDa + LAM level was higher in TB group compared to NTB in CSF. No difference was observed between TB and NTB group in pleural effusion. Antimycobacterial antibody levels were non-significantly increased in pericardial fluid in TB. The findings of the study indicate that TB is associatedwiththe presence of detectable levels of antibodies in the CSF and pericardial effusion. Anti 38kDa + 16kDa IgG test can be used in combination with other diagnostic methods to increase diagnostic accuracy of neurotuberculosis

Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression: a genome-wide association study

Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation

Hemp-Based Phytoaccumulation of Heavy Metals from Municipal Sewage Sludge and Phosphogypsum Under Field Conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of three hemp cultivars to accumulate heavy metals under sewage sludge (SS) and phosphogypsum (PG) application. The field study was carried out from 2014 to 2016 on Luvisol (loamy sand) in Poland. The experiment scheme included five treatments&mdash;T0: the control without fertilization, T1: 170 kg N (nitrogen) ha&minus;1 from sewage sludge, T2: 170 kg N ha&minus;1 from sewage sludge and 100 kg ha&minus;1 of phosphogypsum, T3: 170 kg N ha&minus;1 from sewage sludge and 500 kg ha&minus;1 of phosphogypsum, and T4: 170 kg N ha&minus;1 from sewage sludge and 1000 kg ha&minus;1 of phosphogypsum. It was found that the application of municipal sewage sludge enriched the soil with the bioavailable forms of heavy metals to the greatest extent and contributed to the highest increase in their contents in vegetative and generative organs of hemp plants. These parameters showed a phosphogypsum dose-dependent decline, which could hinder the phytoextraction process. The greatest extractions of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) from the soil treated with SS and PG were achieved by the Tygra variety, which had the highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) and biomass yield

Recent Developments in the Probes and Assays for Measurement of the Activity of NADPH Oxidases

International audienceNADPH oxidases are a family of enzymes capable of transferring electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen. A major function of NADPH oxidases is the activation of molecular oxygen into reactive oxygen species. Increased activity of NADPH oxidases has been implicated in various pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, neurological dysfunction, and cancer. Thus, NADPH oxidases have been identified as a viable target for the development of novel therapeutics exhibiting inhibitory effects on NADPH oxidases. Here, we describe the development of new assays for measuring the activity of NADPH oxidases enabling the high-throughput screening for NADPH oxidase inhibitors

Global Profiling of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Biological Systems HIGH-THROUGHPUT REAL-TIME ANALYSES

International audienceHerein we describe a high-throughput fluorescence and HPLC-based methodology for global profiling of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in biological systems. The combined use of HPLC and fluorescence detection is key to successful implementation and validation of this methodology. Included here are methods to specifically detect and quantitate the products formed from interaction between the ROS/RNS species and the fluorogenic probes, as follows: superoxide using hydroethidine, peroxynitrite using boronate-based probes, nitric oxide-derived nitrosating species with 4,5-diaminofluorescein, and hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants using 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (Amplex (R) Red) with and without horseradish peroxidase, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate real-time monitoring of ROS/RNS in activated macrophages using high-throughput fluorescence and HPLC methods. This global profiling approach, simultaneous detection of multiple ROS/RNS products of fluorescent probes, developed in this study will be useful in unraveling the complex role of ROS/RNS in redox regulation, cell signaling, and cellular oxidative processes and in high-throughput screening of anti-inflammatory antioxidants

Deoxynivalenol in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Immature Gilts under per os Toxin Application

Deoxynivalenol is also known as vomitoxin due to its impact on livestock through interference with animal growth and acceptance of feed. At the molecular level, deoxynivalenol disrupts normal cell function by inhibiting protein synthesis via binding to the ribosome and by activating critical cellular kinases involved in signal transduction related to proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Because of concerns related to deoxynivalenol, the United States FDA has instituted advisory levels of 5 µg/g for grain products for most animal feeds and 10 µg/g for grain products for cattle feed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of low doses of deoxynivalenol applied per os on the presence of this mycotoxin in selected tissues of the alimentary canal of gilts. The study was performed on 39 animals divided into two groups (control, C; n = 21 and experimental, E; n = 18), of 20 kg body weight at the beginning of the experiment. Gilts received the toxin in doses of 12 µg/kg b.w./day (experimental group) or placebo (control group) over a period of 42 days. Three animals from two experimental groups were sacrificed on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, excluding day 1 when only three control group animals were scarified. Tissues samples were prepared for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses with the application of solid phase extraction (SPE). The results show that deoxynivalenol doses used in our study, even when applied for a short period, resulted in its presence in gastrointestinal tissues. The highest concentrations of deoxynivalenol reported in small intestine samples ranged from 7.2 (in the duodenum) to 18.6 ng/g (in the ileum) and in large intestine samples from 1.8 (in transverse the colon) to 23.0 ng/g (in the caecum). In liver tissues, the deoxynivalenol contents ranged from 6.7 to 8.8 ng/g