Technosphere Thinking in the Transformations of Earth Sciences

The paper focuses on identifying factors of influence of technosphere consciousness on the state of Earth sciences. The comparative analysis of current philosophical and scientific advances showed changes in a status of technosphere consciousness in culture. The authors formulated a hypothesis on a fusion of scientific rationality of Earth sciences with an axiological area of culture. A special methodology was developed to trace and demonstrate a determination influence of technosphere consciousness on the logic of development of Earth sciences and the state of communication processes in society. The authors described consequences of risks occurred as a result of strengthening the independence of technosphere consciousness and modeled opportunities of their minimization. It was proved that in the information communication society technosphere consciousness could form a new paradigm foundation for Earth sciences. The authors described a special character of the correlation between the state of technosphere consciousness, a level of development of technosphere and the status of Earth sciences. They determined key areas for negative consequences of blurring semantics of technosphere consciousness. © 2021 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Selection of Elements at the Dissolution of Heat Resistant Nickel Alloys in Mineral Acid Solutions

Thermodynamic modeling of the interaction of a heat-resistant nickel alloy containing refractory rare metals with hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids with a temperature change in the range of 20-100 ∘ C and a concentration of 50 to 150 g / dm3 at a pressure of 1 atm was carried out. The thermodynamic assessment data were confirmed in experiments on the anodic dissolution of the alloy in sulfate solutions. According to the results of x-ray phase analysis of the sludge, it was revealed that tungsten in the form of a solid solution in nickel passes to this product. Also, tantalum and niobium pass into the slurry in the form of oxides. Mostly, Re, Co, Cr passed into the electrolyte solution. The results of the study can serve as a scientific basis for the development of promising technologies for processing metal waste from heat-resistant alloys. Keywords: thermodynamic modeling, heat resistant nickel alloy, rare elements, mineral acids, dissolutio

The subject of crime: the problem of establishing age limits of criminal responsibility

This article presents the authors’ analysis of the problem of determining the subject of a crime as a legal concept, and defining the legal characteristics of a person who has committed a crime by features that are necessary for criminal responsibility (individual, age, and responsibility

Propionate and butyrate dependent bacterial sulfate reduction at extremely haloalkaline conditions and description of Desulfobotulus alkaliphilus sp. nov.

Evidence on the utilization of simple fatty acids by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) at extremely haloalkaline conditions are practically absent, except for a single case of syntrophy by Desulfonatronum on acetate. Our experiments with sediments from soda lakes of Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) showed sulfide production with sulfate as electron acceptor and propionate and butyrate (but not acetate) as an electron donor at a pH 10–10.5 and a salinity 70–180 g l−1. With propionate as substrate, a highly enriched sulfidogenic culture was obtained in which the main component was identified as a novel representative of the family Syntrophobacteraceae. With butyrate as substrate, a pure SRB culture was isolated which oxidized butyrate and some higher fatty acids incompletely to acetate. The strain represents the first haloalkaliphilic representative of the family Desulfobacteraceae and is described as Desulfobotulus alkaliphilus sp. nov

Microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling versus nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SN H) in 5-bromopyrimidine by action of bithiophene and its analogues

5-Bromopyrimidine reacts with 2,2′-bithiophene, [2,2′:5′, 2″]terthiophene and 2-phenylthiophene in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give 5-(het)aryl substituted pyrimidines due to the palladium-catalyzed aryl-aryl C-C coupling. However 5-bromo-4-(het)aryl- pyrimidines have been prepared from the same starting materials through the SN H-reaction catalyzed by a Lewis acid. Conditions for both types of reactions were optimized. All components of the reaction mixtures, including by-products, have been elucidated by gas-liquid chromatography/mass- spectrometry. Evidence for the structure of 4- and 5-bithiophenyl-substituted pyrimidines has first been obtained by means of X-ray crystallography analysis. Molecular orbital calculations (TDDFT), as well as the redox and optical measurements for all new compounds have also been performed. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Anaerobic utilization of pectinous substrates at extremely haloalkaline conditions by Natranaerovirga pectinivora gen. nov., sp. nov., and Natranaerovirga hydrolytica sp. nov., isolated from hypersaline soda lakes

Anaerobic enrichments at pH 10, with pectin and polygalacturonates as substrates and inoculated with samples of sediments of hypersaline soda lakes from the Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) demonstrated the potential for microbial pectin degradation up to soda-saturating conditions. The enrichments resulted in the isolation of six strains of obligately anaerobic fermentative bacteria, which represented a novel deep lineage within the order Clostridiales loosely associated with the family Lachnospiraceae. The isolates were rod-shaped and formed terminal round endospores. One of the striking features of the novel group is a very narrow substrate spectrum for growth, restricted to galacturonic acid and its polymers (e.g. pectin). Acetate and formate were the final fermentation products. Growth was possible in a pH range from 8 to 10.5, with an optimum at pH 9.5–10, and in a salinity range from 0.2 to 3.5 M Na+. On the basis of unique phenotypic properties and distinct phylogeny, the pectinolytic isolates are proposed to be assigned to a new genus Natranaerovirga with two species N. hydrolytica (APP2T=DSM24176T=UNIQEM U806T) and N. pectinivora (AP3T=DSM24629T=UNIQEM U805T)

Evidence of the Generation of Isosaccharinic Acids and Their Subsequent Degradation by Local Microbial Consortia within Hyper-Alkaline Contaminated Soils, with Relevance to Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

The contamination of surface environments with hydroxide rich wastes leads to the formation of high pH (>11.0) soil profiles. One such site is a legacy lime works at Harpur Hill, Derbyshire where soil profile indicated in-situ pH values up to pH 12. Soil and porewater profiles around the site indicated clear evidence of the presence of the α and β stereoisomers of isosaccharinic acid (ISA) resulting from the anoxic, alkaline degradation of cellulosic material. ISAs are of particular interest with regards to the disposal of cellulosic materials contained within the intermediate level waste (ILW) inventory of the United Kingdom, where they may influence radionuclide mobility via complexation events occurring within a geological disposal facility (GDF) concept. The mixing of uncontaminated soils with the alkaline leachate of the site resulted in ISA generation, where the rate of generation in-situ is likely to be dependent upon the prevailing temperature of the soil. Microbial consortia present in the uncontaminated soil were capable of surviving conditions imposed by the alkaline leachate and demonstrated the ability to utilise ISAs as a carbon source. Leachate-contaminated soil was sub-cultured in a cellulose degradation product driven microcosm operating at pH 11, the consortia present were capable of the degradation of ISAs and the generation of methane from the resultant H2/CO2 produced from fermentation processes. Following microbial community analysis, fermentation processes appear to be predominated by Clostridia from the genus Alkaliphilus sp, with methanogenesis being attributed to Methanobacterium and Methanomassiliicoccus sp. The study is the first to identify the generation of ISA within an anthropogenic environment and advocates the notion that microbial activity within an ILW-GDF is likely to influence the impact of ISAs upon radionuclide migration

PREDICTION OF PHASE FORMATION OF HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS OF GROUPS IV AND V

A computer simulation of a high-entropy Al Ti Zr V Nb alloy was performed using the ab-initio molecular dynamics method for phase formation.Работа выполнена в соответствии с государственным заданием ИМЕТ УрО РАН, вычисления производились на кластере «Уран» ИММ УрО РАН

DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASIS OF RESOURCESAVING TECHNOLOGY OF METALLOTHERMAL PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS CONTAINING TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM

Due to the lack of reliable domestic technology of manufacturing zirconium-aluminum master-alloys, Russian producers of titanium products are forced to buy the said alloys abroad. Economic difficulties and volatile foreign exchange rates result in 2-3 times increasing price of the alloys. In this regard, the development of Russian technology of production of the alloys containing titanium and zirconium is very relevant in terms of import substitution

Development of minimallyinvasive outpatient phlebology in Ekaterinburg

In this article we have studied the ratio of open phlebectomy and minimally invasive procedures in the treatment of varicose veins disease of the lower extremities in Ekaterinburg over the past 5 years. It is revealed that in the last 5 years in the structure of phlebological care of the city out-patient endovascular and minimally invasive procedures on the trunks of subcutaneous veins prevail. They are 2.5 times more likely than the classic phlebectomy. The range of medical services in phlebology has significantly expanded, which made the approach to the patient more individual, improved the quality of care and increased its safety. Expenses of the budget from the introduction of minimally invasive technologies (only due to the cost savings of the hospital) decreased by 187,44 million rubles /year.В настоящей статье произведено изучение соотношения открытых флебэктомий и миниивазивных процедур в лечении варикозной болезни нижних конечностей в городе Екатеринбурге за последние 5 лет. Выявлено, что в последнее 5-летие в структуре флебологической помощи города преобладают амбулаторные эндоваскулярные и миниинвазивные процедуры на стволах подкожных вен. Они выполняются в 2,5 раза чаще, чем классические флебэктомии. Значимо расширился спектр медицинских услуг во флебологии, что сделало подход к пациенту более индивидуальным, улучшило качество помощи и повысило ее безопасность. Затраты бюджета от внедрения миниинвазивных технологий (только за счет экономии затрат стационара) уменьшились на 187,44 млн.руб /год