442 research outputs found
What Symptoms and How Long? An Interpretable AI Approach for Depression Detection in Social Media
Depression is the most prevalent and serious mental illness, which induces
grave financial and societal ramifications. Depression detection is key for
early intervention to mitigate those consequences. Such a high-stake decision
inherently necessitates interpretability. Although a few depression detection
studies attempt to explain the decision based on the importance score or
attention weights, these explanations misalign with the clinical depression
diagnosis criterion that is based on depressive symptoms. To fill this gap, we
follow the computational design science paradigm to develop a novel Multi-Scale
Temporal Prototype Network (MSTPNet). MSTPNet innovatively detects and
interprets depressive symptoms as well as how long they last. Extensive
empirical analyses using a large-scale dataset show that MSTPNet outperforms
state-of-the-art depression detection methods with an F1-score of 0.851. This
result also reveals new symptoms that are unnoted in the survey approach, such
as sharing admiration for a different life. We further conduct a user study to
demonstrate its superiority over the benchmarks in interpretability. This study
contributes to IS literature with a novel interpretable deep learning model for
depression detection in social media. In practice, our proposed method can be
implemented in social media platforms to provide personalized online resources
for detected depressed patients.Comment: 56 pages, 10 figures, 21 table
What Symptoms and How Long? An Interpretable AI Approach for Depression Detection in Social Media
Depression is the most prevalent and serious mental illness, which induces grave financial and societal ramifications. Depression detection is key for early intervention to mitigate those consequences. Such a high-stake decision inherently necessitates interpretability. Although a few depression detection studies attempt to explain the decision, these explanations misalign with the clinical depression diagnosis criterion that is based on depressive symptoms. To fill this gap, we develop a novel Multi-Scale Temporal Prototype Network (MSTPNet). MSTPNet innovatively detects and interprets depressive symptoms as well as how long they last. Extensive empirical analyses show that MSTPNet outperforms state-of-the-art depression detection methods. This result also reveals new symptoms that are unnoted in the survey approach. We further conduct a user study to demonstrate its superiority over the benchmarks in interpretability. This study contributes to IS literature with a novel interpretable deep learning model for depression detection in social media
A novel iterative approach for mapping local singularities from geochemical data
International audienceThere are many phenomena in nature, such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and large-scale mineralization that are characterized by singular functions exhibiting scale invariant properties. A local singularity analysis based on multifractal modeling was developed for detection of local anomalies for mineral exploration. An iterative approach is proposed in the current paper for improvement of parameter estimations involved in the local singularity analysis. The advantage of this new approach is demonstrated with de Wijs's zinc data from a sphalerite-quartz vein near Pulacayo in Bolivia. The semivariogram method was used to illustrate the differences between the raw data and the estimated data by the new algorithm. It has been shown that the outcome of the local singularity analysis consists of two components: singularity component characterized by local singularity index and the non-singular component by prefractal parameter
Hybrid Topological Superconductivity and Hinge Majorana Flat Band in Type-II Dirac Semimetals
Type-II Dirac semimetals (DSMs) have a distinct Fermi surface topology, which
allows them to host novel topological superconductivity (TSC) different from
type-I DSMs. Depending on the relationship between intra- and inter-orbital
electron-electron interactions, the phase diagram of superconductivity is
obtained in type-II DSMs. We find that when the inter-orbital attraction is
dominant, an unconventional inter-orbital intra-spin superconducting (SC) state
( and pairing channels of point group) is realized,
yielding hybrid TSC, i.e., first- and second-order TSC exists at the same time.
Further analysis reveals the Majorana flat bands on the -directed hinges,
which penetrate through the whole hinge Brillouin zone and link the projections
of the surface helical Majorana cones at time-reversal-invariant momenta. These
higher-order hinge modes are symmetry-protected and can even host strong
stability against finite rotation symmetry-breaking order. We suggest
that experimental realization of these findings can be explored in transition
metal dichalcogenides
A meta-analysis of phosphate binders lanthanum carbonate versus sevelamer hydrochloride in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of phosphate binders lanthanum carbonate (LC) versus sevelamer hydrochloride (SH) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis.Methods: Studies including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing phosphate binders lanthanum carbonate versus sevelamer hydrochloride, in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis, were identified using a pre-defined search strategy. Phosphate, calcium, calcium-phosphorus product, intact parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were extracted and compared by RevMan 5.1 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK).Results: Six studies were identified. Meta-analysis showed that SH treatment reduced levels of phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone, and total serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when compared with LC treatment. Furthermore, patients on SH treatment tended to have reduced calcium levels, calcium-phosphorus product, total cholesterol, and triglyceride when compared to patients treated with LC, but there was no statistical difference.Conclusion: SH treatment of patients with ESRD is more effective compared to LC treatment. However, more well-designed random control trails are required for confirmation.Keywords: End-stage renal disease, hemodialysis, phosphate binders, lanthanum carbonate (LC), sevelamer hydrochloride (SH), meta-analysis
Application of local singularity in prospecting potential oil/gas Targets
International audienceTogether with generalized self-similarity and the fractal spectrum, local singularity analysis has been introduced as one part of the new 3S principle and technique for mineral resource assessment based on multifractal modeling, which has been demonstrated to be useful for anomaly delineation. Local singularity is used in this paper to characterize the property of multifractal distribution patterns of geochemical indexes to delineate potential areas for oil/gas exploration using the advanced GeoDAS GIS technology. Geochemical data of four oil/gas indexes, consisting of acid-extracted methane (SC1), ethane (SC2), propane (SC3), and secondary carbonate (?C), from 9637 soil samples amassed within a large area of 11.2×104 km2 in the Songpan-Aba district, Sichuan Province, southwestern China, were analyzed. By eliminating the interference of geochemical oil/gas data with the method of media-modification and Kriging, the prospecting area defined by the local singularity model is better identified and the results show that the subareas with higher singularity exponents for the four oil/gas indexes are potential targets for oil/gas exploration. These areas in the shape of rings or half-rings are spatially associated with the location of the known producing drilling well in this area. The spatial relationship between the anomalies delineated by oil/gas geochemical data and distribution patterns of local singularity exponents is confirmed by using the stable isotope of ?13C
Two elementary band representation model, Fermi surface nesting, and surface topological superconductivity in VSb ()
The recently discovered vanadium-based Kagome metals VSb () are of great interest with the interplay of charge density
wave (CDW) order, band topology and superconductivity. In this paper, by
identifying elementary band representations (EBRs), we construct a two-EBR
graphene-Kagome model to capture the two low-energy van-Hove-singularity
dispersions and, more importantly, the nontrivial band topology in these Kagome
metals. This model consists of (V-, Kagome sites) and
EBRs (Sb1-, honeycomb sites). We have investigated the Fermi
surface instability by calculating the electronic susceptibility
. Prominent Fermi-surface nesting peaks are obtained at three
L points, where the component of the nesting vector shows intimate
relationship with the anticrossing point along M--L. The nesting peaks at L are
consistent with the CDW reconstruction in these compounds.
In addition, the sublattice-resolved bare susceptibility is calculated and
similar sharp peaks are observed at the L points, indicating a strong
antiferromagnetic fluctuation. Assuming a bulk -wave superconducting
pairing, helical surface states and nontrivial superconducting gap are obtained
on the (001) surface. In analogous to FeTeSe superconductor, our
results establish another material realization of a stoichiometric
superconductor with nontrivial band topology, providing a promising platform
for studying exotic Majorana physics in condensed matte
MoTe2: A Type-II Weyl Topological Metal
Based on the ab initio calculations, we show that MoTe2, in its
low-temperature orthorhombic structure characterized by an X-ray diffraction
study at 100 K, realizes 4 type-II Weyl points between the N-th and N+1-th
bands, where N is the total number of valence electrons per unit cell. Other
WPs and nodal lines between different other bands also appear close to the
Fermi level due to a complex topological band structure. We predict a series of
strain-driven topological phase transitions in this compound, opening a wide
range of possible experimental realizations of different topological semimetal
phases. Crucially, with no strain, the number of observable surface Fermi arcs
in this material is 2 - the smallest number of arcs consistent with
time-reversal symmetry.Comment: Published versio
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