Cycle frequency in standard Rock-Paper-Scissors games: Evidence from experimental economics

The Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) game is a widely used model system in game theory. Evolutionary game theory predicts the existence of persistent cycles in the evolutionary trajectories of the RPS game, but experimental evidence has remained to be rather weak. In this work we performed laboratory experiments on the RPS game and analyzed the social-state evolutionary trajectories of twelve populations of N=6 players. We found strong evidence supporting the existence of persistent cycles. The mean cycling frequency was measured to be $0.029 \pm 0.009$ period per experimental round. Our experimental observations can be quantitatively explained by a simple non-equilibrium model, namely the discrete-time logit dynamical process with a noise parameter. Our work therefore favors the evolutionary game theory over the classical game theory for describing the dynamical behavior of the RPS game.Comment: 7 Page, 3 figure; Keyword: Rock-Paper-Scissors game; cycle; social state; population dynamics; evolutionary trajector

Task-Oriented Dialog Systems that Consider Multiple Appropriate Responses under the Same Context

Conversations have an intrinsic one-to-many property, which means that multiple responses can be appropriate for the same dialog context. In task-oriented dialogs, this property leads to different valid dialog policies towards task completion. However, none of the existing task-oriented dialog generation approaches takes this property into account. We propose a Multi-Action Data Augmentation (MADA) framework to utilize the one-to-many property to generate diverse appropriate dialog responses. Specifically, we first use dialog states to summarize the dialog history, and then discover all possible mappings from every dialog state to its different valid system actions. During dialog system training, we enable the current dialog state to map to all valid system actions discovered in the previous process to create additional state-action pairs. By incorporating these additional pairs, the dialog policy learns a balanced action distribution, which further guides the dialog model to generate diverse responses. Experimental results show that the proposed framework consistently improves dialog policy diversity, and results in improved response diversity and appropriateness. Our model obtains state-of-the-art results on MultiWOZ

Discovery AP2/ERF family genes in silico in Medicago truncatula

Medicago truncatula is a legume model plant due to its small genome and it has been used to study the molecular events of legume biology. As a crucial plant-specific gene family, AP2/EREBP transcription factors (TFs) are important for plant development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The purpose of the work was to determine AP2/ERF family genes in silico of M. truncatula, and also sheds light on molecular mechanism of stress responses of AP2/EREBPs. We investigated AP2/ERF family genes of M. truncatula using BLAST search. Thirty-seven (37) AP2/ERF family genes were identified and sorted into the corresponding subfamily or subgroup, with sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the AP2-like TFs proteins between in Arabidopsis and in M. truncatula, and expression patterns of putative 35 AP2/ERF family genes in M. truncatula were revealed. Identification of AP2/ERF family genes would make them easier to clone and position those functional genes, and which also would open new opportunities for the study of molecular regulatory network of stress resistance in M. truncatula.Keywords: Medicago truncatula, transcription factor, AP2/ERFAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(23), pp. 3636-364

Dynamic Structure in Four-strategy Game: Theory and Experiment

Game dynamics theory, as a field of science, the consistency of theory and experiment is essential. In the past 10 years, important progress has been made in the merging of the theory and experiment in this field, in which dynamics cycle is the presentation. However, the merging works have not got rid of the constraints of Euclidean two-dimensional cycle so far. This paper uses a classic four-strategy game to study the dynamic structure (non-Euclidean superplane cycle). The consistency is in significant between the three ways: (1) the analytical results from evolutionary dynamics equations, (2) agent-based simulation results from learning models and (3) laboratory results from human subjects game experiments. The consistency suggests that, game dynamic structure could be quantitatively predictable, observable and controllable in general.Comment: game theory; laboratory game experiment; eigenvector; dynamics system theor

Experimental and theoretical investigations of Cs+ adsorption on crown ethers modified magnetic adsorbent

This work was financially supported by the NSFC (No: U1607105 and No: 51574286). The Scientific and Technological Funding in Qinghai Province (No: 2018-GX-101, No: 2018-ZJ-722 and No: 2019-HZ-808). “Light of West China” Program and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (No: 2015141 and 2016377).Carboxyl Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@R-COOH) modified with 18-Crown-6 ether functional groups have been prepared via an amidation reaction and used as bifunctional adsorbent for Cs+. The adsorbent has a superparamagnetic property, allowing an easy recycling, and a high capacity of Cs+ adsorption on the crown ether. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic behaviors agree well with the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order models. The material exhibits a high selectivity for Cs+ in the solution with co-existing cations (NH4+, Rb+, K+, Na+ and Li+). A theoretical calculation according to density functional theory (DFT) is used to estimate the structure of Cs+ adsorption on crown ether, demonstrating an exothermic process and showing a good agreement with the experimental observations. The adsorption behavior is affected not only by the size of macrocyclic crown ethers, but also by the chelating symmetry and the binding energy. The newly developed adsorbent has a potential application for removing cesium out of wastewater and salt lakes.PostprintPeer reviewe

Microcapteurs de hautes fréquences pour des mesures en aéroacoustique

L aéroacoustique est une filière de l'acoustique qui étudie la génération de bruit par un mouvement fluidique turbulent ou par les forces aérodynamiques qui interagissent avec les surfaces. Ce secteur en pleine croissance a attiré des intérêts récents en raison de l évolution de la transportation aérienne, terrestre et spatiale. Les microphones avec une bande passante de plusieurs centaines de kHz et une plage dynamique couvrant de 40Pa à 4 kPa sont nécessaires pour les mesures aéroacoustiques. Dans cette thèse, deux microphones MEMS de type piézorésistif à base de silicium polycristallin (poly-Si) latéralement cristallisé par l induction métallique (MILC) sont conçus et fabriqués en utilisant respectivement les techniques de microfabrication de surface et de volume. Ces microphones sont calibrés à l'aide d'une source d onde de choc (N-wave) générée par une étincelle électrique. Pour l'échantillon fabriqué par le micro-usinage de surface, la sensibilité statique mesurée est 0.4 V/V/Pa, la sensibilité dynamique est 0.033 V/V/Pa et la plage fréquentielle couvre à partir de 100 kHz avec une fréquence du premier mode de résonance à 400kHz. Pour l'échantillon fabriqué par le micro-usinage de volume, la sensibilité statique mesurée est 0.28 V/V/Pa, la sensibilité dynamique est 0.33 V/V/Pa et la plage fréquentielle couvre à partir de 6 kHz avec une fréquence du premier mode de résonance à 715kHz.Aero-acoustics, a branch of acoustics which studies noise generation via either turbulent fluid motion or aerodynamic forces interacting with surfaces, is a growing area and has received fresh emphasis due to advances in air, ground and space transportation. Microphones with a bandwidth of several hundreds of kHz and a dynamic range covering 40Pa to 4kPa are needed for aero-acoustic measurements. In this thesis, two metal-induced-lateral-crystallized (MILC) polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) based piezoresistive type MEMS microphones are designed and fabricated using surface micromachining and bulk micromachining techniques, respectively. These microphones are calibrated using an electrical spark generated shockwave (N-wave) source. For the surface micromachined sample, the measured static sensitivity is 0.4 V/V/Pa, dynamic sensitivity is 0.033 V/V/Pa and the frequency range starts from 100kHz with a first mode resonant frequency of 400kHz. For the bulk micromachined sample, the measured static sensitivity is 0.28 V/V/Pa, dynamic sensitivity is 0.33 V/V/Pa and the frequency range starts from 6kHz with a first mode resonant frequency of 715kHz.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Prompt Pool based Class-Incremental Continual Learning for Dialog State Tracking

Continual learning is crucial for dialog state tracking (DST) in dialog systems, since requirements from users for new functionalities are often encountered. However, most of existing continual learning methods for DST require task identities during testing, which is a severe limit in real-world applications. In this paper, we aim to address continual learning of DST in the class-incremental scenario (namely the task identity is unknown in testing). Inspired by the recently emerging prompt tuning method that performs well on dialog systems, we propose to use the prompt pool method, where we maintain a pool of key-value paired prompts and select prompts from the pool according to the distance between the dialog history and the prompt keys. The proposed method can automatically identify tasks and select appropriate prompts during testing. We conduct experiments on Schema-Guided Dialog dataset (SGD) and another dataset collected from a real-world dialog application. Experiment results show that the prompt pool method achieves much higher joint goal accuracy than the baseline. After combining with a rehearsal buffer, the model performance can be further improved