ICE1 and ZOU determine the depth of primary seed dormancy in Arabidopsis independently of their role in endosperm development

Seed dormancy is a widespread and key adaptive trait that is essential for the establishment of soil seed banks and prevention of pre-harvest sprouting. Herein we demonstrate that the endosperm-expressed transcription factors ZHOUPI (ZOU) and INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ICE1) play a role in determining the depth of primary dormancy in Arabidopsis. We show that ice1 or zou increases seed dormancy and the double mutant has an additive phenotype. This increased dormancy is associated with increased ABA levels, and can be separated genetically from any role in endosperm maturation because loss of ABA biosynthesis or DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 reverses the dormancy phenotype without affecting the aberrant seed morphology. Consistent with these results, ice1 endosperms had an increased capacity for preventing embryo greening, a phenotype previously associated with an increase in endospermic ABA levels. Although ice1 changes the expression of many genes, including some in ABA biosynthesis, catabolism and/or signalling, only ABA INSENSITIVE 3 is significantly misregulated in ice1 mutants. We also demonstrate that ICE1 binds to and inhibits expression of ABA INSENSITIVE 3. Our data demonstrate that Arabidopsis ICE1 and ZOU determine the depth of primary dormancy during maturation independently of their effect on endosperm development

The Study on the Performance of MCFC Matrix Prepared by Flow Cast

用流铸法制备电池隔膜，工艺简单易行，膜的质量有保证且易重复．其平均孔半径为０．１８ｕｍ，孔隙率６４．４％左右．在２００ｍＡ／ｍ２放电时，用此膜组装的ＭＣＦＣ电池的电压高达０．８５４Ｖ．其他电化学性能也达到９０年代初世界水平．The matrix for MCFC were prepared by flow cast technique which gives reproducible and reliable results. Its mean pore radius is about 0.18 μm, and the porosity is about 65%. The performance of MCFC stacked with this type of matrix is 0.854 V at 200 mA/cm 2.作者联系地址：中国科学院大连化学物理研究所Author's Address: Dalian Inst. of Chem. Phys., Chinese Acad. of Sci.,Dalian 11602

Research on Molten Carbnate Fuel Cell

以烧结Ｎｉ作电极，以ＬｉＡｌＯ２无机膜作电池隔膜，组装成了电极面积２８ｃｍ２的小型熔融碳酸盐燃料电池，试验了各种工作条件对电池性能的影响，电池经多次启动性能无衰减。放电电流密度１００ｍＡ／ｃｍ２，电池电压０．９５Ｖ；放电电流密度１２５ｍＡ／ｃｍ２，电池输出功率１１４ｍＷ／ｃｍ２；燃料气利用率８０％，电池能量效率６１％。Cold-roll-milling has been evaluated as a technique for preparing porous LiAlO_2 matrices for use as a molten carbonate fuel cell electrolyte matrix. This technique produces reliable electrolyte structures with the following characteristics and advantages: ease of handling, uniform thickness, using nontoxic inorganic solvents, controlled pore size distribution, and ability to be impregnated with the alkali carbonate without fracrure.The Molren Carbnatod Fuel Cell(MCFC) was assembled from sintered Ni electrodes and LiAlO_2 electrolyte matrix, the electrode area is 28 cm￣2, the effect of operating conditions on cell performance was tested, it was found that the cell performance changed little with many times of starting. At current density 100 mA/cm￣2 , the cell volltage is 0. 95 V. At current density 125 mA/cm￣2, the cell output power is 114 mW/cm￣2. At fuel utilization 80%, the cell energy efficiency is 61%.作者联系地址：中科院大连化学物理研究所，化学工程研究室Author's Address: Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy, Dalian 11601