Ascorbyl Palmitate Hydrogel for Local, Intestinal Delivery of Macromolecules

Biologics have changed the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but there are concerns with unexpected systemic toxicity and loss of therapeutic response following administration by injection. Rectal administration of biologics offers potentially reduced therapy costs, as well as safer and more effective local delivery to inflammation sites. Hydrogels are potentially useful carriers of biologics for improved delivery to the inflamed intestinal mucosa. Here, we prepared a hydrogel system based on ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and incorporated a model macromolecular drug (fluorescently-labelled dextran) into the system. Characterization of gel properties included rheology, drug loading and release, cytotoxicity, and drug delivery in an in vitro intestinal model. We report that this hydrogel can be formed under a moderate environment that is amenable to incorporation of some biologics. The system showed a shear-thinning behavior. AP hydrogel released approximately 60% of the drug within 5 h and showed reasonable a cytotoxicity profile. The study therefore provides evidence that AP hydrogel has potential for local delivery of macromolecules to the intestinal mucosa in IBD

Metal Oxyhydroxide Catalysts Promoted CO₂ Absorption and Desorption in Amine-Based Carbon Capture: A Feasibility Study

The huge energy penalty of CO2 desorption is the greatest challenge impeding the commercial application of amine-based CO2 capture. To deal with this problem, a series of metal oxide and oxyhydroxide catalysts were synthesized in this study to kinetically facilitate the CO2 desorption from 5.0 M monoethanolamine (MEA). The effects of selected catalysts on CO2 absorption kinetics, CO2 absorption capacity, CO2 reaction enthalpy, and desorption duty reduction of 2.0 M MEA were investigated by a true heat flow reaction calorimeter to access the practical feasibility of the catalytic CO2 desorption. The kinetic study of catalytic CO2 desorption was also carried out. CO2 desorption chemistry, catalyst characterization, and structure–function relationships were investigated to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Results show that addition of the catalyst had slight effects on the CO2 absorption kinetics and CO2 reaction enthalpy of MEA. In contrast, the CO2 desorption efficiency greatly increased from 28% in reference MEA to 52% in ZrO(OH)2-aided MEA. Compared to the benchmark catalyst HZSM-5, ZrO(OH)2 exhibited a 13% improvement in CO2 desorption efficiency. More importantly, compared to the reference MEA, the CO2 desorption duties of ZrO(OH)2 and FeOOH-aided MEA significantly reduced by 45 and 47% respectively, which are better than those of most other reported catalysts. The large surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, and amount of surface hydroxyl groups of ZrO(OH)2 and FeOOH afforded the catalytic performance by promoting the adsorption of alkaline speciation (e.g., MEA and HCO3–) onto the particle surface

Metal Oxyhydroxide Catalysts Promoted CO₂ Absorption and Desorption in Amine-Based Carbon Capture: A Feasibility Study

The huge energy penalty of CO2 desorption is the greatest challenge impeding the commercial application of amine-based CO2 capture. To deal with this problem, a series of metal oxide and oxyhydroxide catalysts were synthesized in this study to kinetically facilitate the CO2 desorption from 5.0 M monoethanolamine (MEA). The effects of selected catalysts on CO2 absorption kinetics, CO2 absorption capacity, CO2 reaction enthalpy, and desorption duty reduction of 2.0 M MEA were investigated by a true heat flow reaction calorimeter to access the practical feasibility of the catalytic CO2 desorption. The kinetic study of catalytic CO2 desorption was also carried out. CO2 desorption chemistry, catalyst characterization, and structure–function relationships were investigated to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Results show that addition of the catalyst had slight effects on the CO2 absorption kinetics and CO2 reaction enthalpy of MEA. In contrast, the CO2 desorption efficiency greatly increased from 28% in reference MEA to 52% in ZrO(OH)2-aided MEA. Compared to the benchmark catalyst HZSM-5, ZrO(OH)2 exhibited a 13% improvement in CO2 desorption efficiency. More importantly, compared to the reference MEA, the CO2 desorption duties of ZrO(OH)2 and FeOOH-aided MEA significantly reduced by 45 and 47% respectively, which are better than those of most other reported catalysts. The large surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, and amount of surface hydroxyl groups of ZrO(OH)2 and FeOOH afforded the catalytic performance by promoting the adsorption of alkaline speciation (e.g., MEA and HCO3–) onto the particle surface