Single-strand conformation polymorphism-based genetic characterization of the cyclospora cayetanensis strains collected from different provinces in turkey

Introduction and objective. Cyclospora cayetanensis, a coccidian protozoan species, has been recently found to cause diarrhea in all age groups in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals in most regions of the world. This study aimed to conduct the molecular detection of C. cayetanensis and to determine the genetic diversity of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence of C. cayetanensis isolated from individuals living in different provinces in Turkey by using PCR–single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Materials and method. A total of 22 subjects were included in the study. Fourteen of the subjects were female and eight were male, with ages ranging between 7–65 years. Stool specimens were examined using wet mount and modified acid-fast staining methods, which revealed the presence of oocysts in the samples. The 18S rRNA ITS-1 Ccits37f-GCTTGCTATGTTTTAGCATGTGG and Ccits501r-GCACAATGAATGCACACACA gene regions were used as primers. The PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized on a UV transilluminator. For the SSCP, the PCR products were denatured with formamide, run for 16 h in 6% (49:1) polyacrylamide gel, and then imaged with silver staining. Results. SSCP assay was performed given that the DNA strands demonstrated different folds; the DNA strands contain different nucleotides based on the PCR-SSCP results for the Cyclospora strains collected in 4 provinces. Moreover, 3 different band profiles were observed in the investigated samples. A slight mutation difference was observed among the strains collected. Conclusions. Further comprehensive studies involving more C. cayetanensis-positive specimens and utilizing different mutation screening methods are warranted to demonstrate mutation differences in Cyclopora strains in Turkey. © 2021, Institute of Agricultural Medicine. All rights reserved

Turkish-German heritage speakers' predictive use of case: webcam-based vs. in-lab eye-tracking

Recently, Özge et al. have argued that Turkish and German monolingual 4-year-old children can interpret case-marking predictively disregarding word order. Heritage speakers (HSs) acquire a heritage language at home and a majority societal language which usually becomes dominant after school enrollment. Our study directly compares two elicitation modes: in-lab and (remote) webcam-based eye-tracking data collection. We test the extent to which in-lab effects can be replicated in webcam-based eye-tracking using the exact same design. Previous research indicates that Turkish HSs vary more in the comprehension and production of case-marking compared to monolinguals. Data from 49 participants–22 Turkish monolinguals and 27 HSs–were analyzed using a binomial generalized linear mixed-effects regression model. In the Accusative condition, participants looked for the suitable Agent before it is appeared in speech. In the Nominative condition, participants looked for the suitable Patient before it is appeared in speech. HSs were able to use morphosyntactic cues on NP1 to predict the thematic role of NP2. This study supports views in which core grammatical features of languages, such as case, remain robust in HSs, in line with the Interface Hypothesis. We were able to replicate the effect of the predictive use of case in monolinguals using webcam-based eye-tracking, but the replication with heritage speakers was not successful due to variability in data collection contexts. A by-participant analysis of the results revealed individual variation in that there were some speakers who do not use case-marking predictively in the same way as most monolinguals and most HSs do. These findings suggest that the predictive use of case in heritage speakers is influenced by different factors, which may differ across individuals and affect their language abilities. We argue that HSs should be placed on a native-speaker continuum to explain variability in language outcomes.Peer Reviewe

Turkish-German heritage speakers' predictive use of case: webcam-based vs. in-lab eye-tracking

Recently, Özge et al. have argued that Turkish and German monolingual 4-year-old children can interpret case-marking predictively disregarding word order. Heritage speakers (HSs) acquire a heritage language at home and a majority societal language which usually becomes dominant after school enrollment. Our study directly compares two elicitation modes: in-lab and (remote) webcam-based eye-tracking data collection. We test the extent to which in-lab effects can be replicated in webcam-based eye-tracking using the exact same design. Previous research indicates that Turkish HSs vary more in the comprehension and production of case-marking compared to monolinguals. Data from 49 participants - 22 Turkish monolinguals and 27 HSs - were analyzed using a binomial generalized linear mixed-effects regression model. In the Accusative condition, participants looked for the suitable Agent before it is appeared in speech. In the Nominative condition, participants looked for the suitable Patient before it is appeared in speech. HSs were able to use morphosyntactic cues on NP1 to predict the thematic role of NP2. This study supports views in which core grammatical features of languages, such as case, remain robust in HSs, in line with the Interface Hypothesis. We were able to replicate the effect of the predictive use of case in monolinguals using webcam-based eye-tracking, but the replication with heritage speakers was not successful due to variability in data collection contexts. A by-participant analysis of the results revealed individual variation in that there were some speakers who do not use case-marking predictively in the same way as most monolinguals and most HSs do. These findings suggest that the predictive use of case in heritage speakers is influenced by different factors, which may differ across individuals and affect their language abilities. We argue that HSs should be placed on a native-speaker continuum to explain variability in language outcomes

Investigation of class 1 integrons with antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains and determination of plant extract effects on multidrug-resistant isolates

This study aimed to investigate the presence of resistance genes in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates as well as to determine the antibacterial activity of selected plant extracts against isolates. 41 strains were isolated from various clinical samples. PCR tests were performed using the primers. Methanol was used as solvent for the preparation of the plant extracts. MIC values of the plant extracts were determined by the broth microdilution method. The bla(OXA-)(23), bla(CTX-M-1), bla(CTX-M-2), bla(GES) genes and Class 1 integrons were detected in five isolated strains. The lowest MIC value (2.25 mg/mL) was determined for the Echinacea putpurea extract, while the highest MIC value (50 mg/mL) was determined for the Morus alba extract. Determination of the antibacterial effect of plants extracts used in the study against A. baumannii isolates shows the importance of screening the antibacterial activity of plants in the fight against antibiotic resistance.Studiul a avut ca scop investigarea genelor de rezistență ale izolatelor de A. baumannii multirezistente, precum și determinarea activității antibacteriene a unor extracte vegetale supra a 41 specii microbiene izolate din diferite probe clinice. Metanolul a fost folosit ca solvent de extracție. Valorile concentrației minime inhibitorii ale extractelor obținute au fost determinate prin metoda microdiluției. Genele blaOXA-23, blaCTX-M-1 , blaCTX-M2 și blaGES, alături de integroni din clasa 1 au fost decelate pentru 5 specii izolate. Valoarea MIC cea mai scăzută (2,25 mg/mL) a fost obținută pentru extractul din Echinaceea purpurea, în timp ce cea mai mare valoare MIC (50 mg/mL) a fost determinată pentru extractul de Morus alba. Determinarea efectului antibacterian ale extractelor vegetale împotriva izolatelor de A. baumannii arată importanța screeningului activității antibacteriene a plantelor în lupta împotriva rezistenței la antibiotice

Virginia Henderson’ın Teorisine Göre Tip I DM ’nin Değerlendirilmesi: Olgu Sunumu

Hemşirelik mesleği, insan ve onun karmaşık süreci ile çalıştığı için insana yönelik yasaları formüle etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu durumda yapılabilecek en iyi yol insan davranışlarını teorilere başvurarak açıklamaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmamızda hemşireliğe öncülük etmiş hemşire kuramcılardan Virginia Henderson’ın Teorisini bir olgu çerçevesinde tartışmaya çalıştık. Bu makalede, Tip I Diabetes Mellitus olan bir hasta, Henderson Hemşirelik Teorisine göre incelenmiş ve bu teori bireylerin bütüncül olarak ele alınmasını sağlayarak, hemşirelere bir çerçeve sunup hasta verilerinin daha kolay toplanmasını dolayısıyla hastanın memnuniyetini ve güvenliğini de arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu teori özellikle veri toplama konusunda etkin olabileceği düşünülmektedir

Turkish-German heritage speakers’ predictive use of case: webcam-based vs. in-lab eye-tracking

Recently, Özge et al. have argued that Turkish and German monolingual 4-year- old children can interpret case-marking predictively disregarding word order. Heritage speakers (HSs) acquire a heritage language at home and a majority societal language which usually becomes dominant after school enrollment. Our study directly compares two elicitation modes: in-lab and (remote) webcam- based eye-tracking data collection. We test the extent to which in-lab eects can be replicated in webcam-based eye-tracking using the exact same design. Previous research indicates that Turkish HSs vary more in the comprehension and production of case-marking compared to monolinguals. Data from 49 participants–22 Turkishmonolinguals and 27 HSs–were analyzed using a binomial generalized linear mixed-eects regression model. In the Accusative condition, participants looked for the suitable Agent before it is appeared in speech. In the Nominative condition, participants looked for the suitable Patient before it is appeared in speech. HSs were able to usemorphosyntactic cues on NP1 to predict the thematic role of NP2. This study supports views in which core grammatical features of languages, such as case, remain robust in HSs, in line with the Interface Hypothesis. We were able to replicate the eect of the predictive use of case in monolinguals using webcam-based eye-tracking, but the replication with heritage speakers was not successful due to variability in data collection contexts. A by- participant analysis of the results revealed individual variation in that there were some speakers who do not use case-marking predictively in the same way asmost monolinguals and most HSs do. These findings suggest that the predictive use of case in heritage speakers is influenced by dierent factors, whichmay dier across individuals and aect their language abilities. We argue that HSs should be placed on a native-speaker continuum to explain variability in language outcomes

COVID-19 in pediatric patients undergoing chronic dialysis and kidney transplantation

The study aims to present the incidence of COVID-19 in pediatric patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) and to compare the severity and outcomes of the disease between the dialysis and kidney transplant (KTx) groups. This multicenter observational study was conducted between 1 April and 31 December 2020 in Istanbul. Members of the Istanbul branch of the Turkish Pediatric Nephrology Association were asked to report all confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were on RRT, as well as the number of prevalent RRT patients under the age of 20. A total of 46 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported from 12 centers, of which 17 were dialysis patients, and 29 were KTx recipients. Thus, the incidence rate of COVID-19 was 9.3% among dialysis patients and 9.2% among KTx recipients over a 9-month period in Istanbul. Twelve KTx recipients and three dialysis patients were asymptomatic (p = 0.12). Most of the symptomatic patients in both the dialysis and KTx groups had a mild respiratory illness. Only two patients, one in each group, experienced a severe disease course, and only one hemodialysis patient had a critical illness that required mechanical ventilation. In the entire cohort, one hemodialysis patient with multiple comorbidities died. Conclusion: While most cases are asymptomatic or have a mild disease course, pediatric patients undergoing dialysis and a kidney transplant are at increased risk for COVID-19. What is Known: In adult population, both dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk for severe illness of COVID-19 and have higher mortality rate. Children with kidney transplantation are not at increased risk for COVID-19 and most have mild disease course. Data on children on dialysis are scarce. What is New: Pediatric patients undergoing dialysis and kidney transplantation have an increased risk for COVID-19. Most patients undergoing renal replacement therapy either on dialysis or transplanted develop asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease with a favorable outcome

COVID-19 in pediatric nephrology centers in Turkey

Background/aim: There is limited data on COVID-19 disease in children with kidney disease. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 in pediatric nephrology patients in Turkey. Materials and methods: This was a national, multicenter, retrospective cohort study based on an online survey evaluating the data between 11th March 2020 and 11th March 2021 as an initial step of a detailed pediatric nephrology COVID-19 registry. Results: Two hundred and three patients (89 girls and 114 boys) were diagnosed with COVID-19. One-third of these patients (36.9%) were between 10–15 years old. Half of the patients were on kidney replacement therapy: kidney transplant (KTx) recipients (n = 56, 27.5%), patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (n = 33, 16.3%) and those on peritoneal dialysis (PD) (n = 18, 8.9%). Fifty-four (26.6%) children were asymptomatic. Eighty-two (40.3%) patients were hospitalized and 23 (28%) needed intensive care unit admission. Fifty-five percent of the patients were not treated, while the remaining was given favipiravir (20.7%), steroid (16.3%), and hydroxychloroquine (11.3%). Acute kidney injury developed in 19.5% of hospitalized patients. Five (2.4%) had MIS-C. Eighty-three percent of the patients were discharged without any apparent sequelae, while 7 (3.4%) died. One hundred and eight health care staff were infected during the study period. Conclusion: COVID-19 was most commonly seen in patients who underwent KTx and received HD. The combined immunosuppressive therapy and frequent exposure to the hospital setting may increase these patients’ susceptibility. Staff infections before vaccination era were alarming, various precautions should be taken for infection control, particularly optimal vaccination coverage

Investigation of the relationship between perceived social support and burden of caregivers of individuals with parkinsons disease

Amaç: Parkinson hastalığı olan bireye bakım verenlerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ile bakım veren yükü arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Araştırma Mayıs- Ekim 2011 tarihleri arasında iki üniversite hastanesi Parkinson ve Hareket Bozuklukları Polikliniklerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma örneklemini araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun 212 hasta oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak Bakım Verenlerin Yükü Envanteri, Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği, Modifiye Hoehn ve Yahr Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek puanı ile Bakım Verenlerin Yükü Envanteri puanları arasındaki ilişki Pearson Korelasyon analizi ve Çoklu Regresyon analizi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Bakım veren yükü toplam puanları ile algıladıkları sosyal destek toplam puanları arasında orta düzeyde ve negatif yönde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu ilişki istatistiksel olarak ileri düzeyde anlamlıdır (r: -.45, p<.001, Tablo 4). Parkinson hastalığı olan bireylere bakım verenlerin, bakım yüklerinin en fazla aileden alınan sosyal destekten etkilendiği, ikinci sırada arkadaştan ve son olarak da aile ve arkadaş dışında olan kişilerden alınan destekten etkilendiği bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Hemşirenin, danışmanlık rolünü kullanarak, bireyin var olan sosyal destek kaynaklarının farkına varması ve bu sosyal destek kaynaklarının harekete geçirilmesi sayesinde bakım veren yükünü azaltacağı düşünülmektedir. Aim: The aim was investigation of relationship between perceived social support and burden of Caregivers of individuals with Parkinson's Disease. Method: The study was conducted at Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinics in two university hospitals from May to October 2011. Sample of the study consisted of 212 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The Caregiver Burden Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale were used as data collection tools. The relationship between Multidimensional Perceived Social Support score and the Caregiver Burden Inventory scores were examined using Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: It was determined that there was a moderately, negative and statistically significant correlation between the total scores of Caregiver Burden and total scores of Perceived Social Support (r: -.45, p<.001, Table 4). It was found that caregivers of individuals with Parkinson's disease received the maximum support from family among the types of perceived social support, support from friends was second sequence and finally support from individuals that were out of friends and family was the third sequence. Conclusion: It is thought that the nurse can reduce the burden of caregiver through awareness of the existing sources of social support for the individual and the development of resources of social support using advisory role

Visual interpretation on pathological body

"Patolojik Beden Üzerine Görsel Yorumlar adlı tezin amacı hastalığın beden üzerindeki etkisine dikkat çekerek hasta beden ve sanat ilişkisini kurmaktı. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hastalık bilimsel ve felsefi tanımlamalarla açıklanarak sanat tarihiyle paralel olarak irdelenmiştir. Hastalığın sanat tarihiyle ilişkili olarak tarihsel sürecine, bu konu kapsamında eser üreten sanatçılara ve sanat eserlerine yer verilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar çerçevesinde hastalık meselesi uygulama çalışmalarında kavramsal olarak sorgulanmıştır. Araştırma; araştırma, gözlem ve uygulama yöntemlerini içermektedir. Konu ile ilgili kaynaklardan araştırma yapılarak veri elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada, hasta bireyler üzerine araştırmacının kendi bedeninde ve yakın çevresinde; gelişimsel yetersizliği olan bireyler üzerine ise TSK Sağlık Vakfı Özel Eğitim Okulu ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezi'nde gözlem ve inceleme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerden ve yapılan gözlemlerden faydalanılarak uygulama çalışmalarının içeriği oluşturulmuştur. Uygulama çalışmalarında akrilik, lavi, fotoğraf ve kâğıt heykel teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya göre; patolojinin sanatın içinde var olduğu sonucuna varılmış ve patolojideki gelişmelerin sanat tarihinde bedenin incelenmesi açısından önemli bir konuma sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Uygulama çalışmalarının oluşturulmasıyla da konunun pekişmesi sağlanarak sanat ve patolojik beden ilişkisi sanatsal bir yorumla ortaya koyulmuştur.The aim of the thesis is establishing relationship between patient body and art by drawing attention to the impact of the disease on body. By considering this aim, disease are examined in parallel with history of art and explained with the help of scientific and philosophical definitions. Historical duration of disease in relation to art history, artworks and artists producing works within the scope of this topic are given. Disease matter is examined conceptually on application studies within the framework researches. This study involves researches, observations and method of applications. Data are obtained by making investigations on sources on the subject. Observations and investigations are made on researcher's own body and near surroundings for patients and Turkish Armed Forces Health Foundation Special Education School and Rehabilitation Center for individuals who have developmental disabilities. Content of application studies are established by making use of obtained data and observations. Acrylic, lavi, photography and paper sculpture techniques are used in applications. According to research, it is concluded that pathology exists in art and developments in pathology have significant role in history of art within the framework of examining the body. Relationship between art and pathological body stated with an artistic interpretation by method of applications