Antígenos compartidos entre Plasmodium falciparum y Anopheles albimanus

The presence of common antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus was demonstrated. Different groups of rabbits were immunized with: crude extract from female An. albimanus (EAaF), red blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum (EPfs), and the SPf66 synthetic malaria vaccine. The rabbit's polyclonal antibodies were evaluated by ELISA, Multiple Antigen Blot Assay (MABA), and immunoblotting. All extracts were immunogenic in rabbits according to these three techniques, when they were evaluated against the homologous antigens. Ten molecules were identified in female mosquitoes and also in P. falciparum antigens by the autologous sera. The electrophoretic pattern by SDS-PAGE was different for the three antigens evaluated. Cross-reactions between An. albimanus and P. falciparum were found by ELISA, MABA, and immunoblotting. Anti-P. falciparum and anti-SPf66 antibodies recognized ten and five components in the EAaF crude extract, respectively. Likewise, immune sera against female An. albimanus identified four molecules in the P. falciparum extract antigen. As far as we know, this is the first work that demonstrates shared antigens between anophelines and malaria parasites. This finding could be useful for diagnosis, vaccines, and the study of physiology of the immune response to malaria.Epítopes de antígenos compartidos entre Plasmodium falciparum y Anopheles albimanus fueron identificados. Diferentes grupos de conejos fueron inmunizados con: extracto crudo de mosquito hembra de An. albimanus (EAaH), glóbulos rojos infectados con P. falciparum (EPfs) y la vacuna antimalárica sintética SPf66. Los anticuerpos policlonales producidos en conejos fueron evaluados por ELISA, inmunoensayo simultáneo de múltiples antígenos (MABA) e Immunoblotting. Todos los extractos resultaron inmunogénicos cuando se evaluaron por ELISA, MABA e Immunoblotting. Diez moléculas fueron identificadas en los mosquitos hembras y diez en los antígenos de P. falciparum por los sueros autólogos. El patrón electroforético por SDS-EGPA fue diferente para los tres antígenos evaluados. La reactividad cruzada de moléculas entre An. albimanus y P. falciparum fue demostrada por ELISA, MABA e Immunoblotting. Anticuerpos anti-P. falciparum y anti-SPf66 reconocieron diez y cinco componentes respectivamente en el extracto crudo de anofelinos (EAaH). Asimismo, sueros inmunes contra An. albimanus hembra identificaron cuatro moléculas en el extracto del antígeno de P. falciparum. Hasta el presente, este es el primer estudio en el que se demuestra la presencia de antígenos compartidos entre anofelinos y los parásitos de malaria. Este hallazgo podría ser de relevancia para el diagnóstico, vacunas e interpretación de la fisiopatología de la respuesta inmunitaria en malaria

Producción y evaluación in vitro de IgY contra Streptococcus mutans

La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa de alcance mundial, producida por Streptococcus mutans. Una estrategia para combatir la bacteria es previniendo su adherencia al esmalte dental mediante el uso de inmunoglobulinas de yema de huevo (IgY). En este trabajo se desarrollaron IgY contra S. mutans y se determinó su reactividad a fin de evaluar su potencial para prevenir la caries dental. Los anticuerpos fueron producidos inmunizando gallinas con un liófilo de la bacteria. Se recolectaron los huevos pre y post inmunes y se purificaron las IgY por precipitación con PEG 6000-cloroformo. El mayor nivel de IgY se obtuvo en el día 42 postinmunización, medido por un ensayo ELISA y la reactividad se evaluó por Western Blot, observándose el reconocimiento de bandas específicas entre 41 y 150 kDa que corresponden a proteínas implicadas en la adherencia a la superficie dental. Por la prueba MABA, se observó reactividad cruzada con S. salivarius. Observamos la aglutinación e inhibición del crecimiento (MIC) de S. mutans in vitro por acción de las IgY. Los resultados demuestran el potencial de estos anticuerpos para ser aplicados en ensayos de inmunización pasiva en nuestro país como una alternativa para prevenir la caries dental.In vitro production and evaluation of anti-Streptococcus mutans IgY Abstract: Dental caries is a worldwide infectious disease produce by Streptococcus mutants. A strategy to combat this bacterium consists in preventing its adherence to tooth enamel through the use egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY). In this study we developed anti-S.mutans IgY and determined its reactivity to evaluate its potential for preventing dental caries. The antibodies were produced by immunizing hens with lyophilized bacteria. Pre and post immunization eggs were collected and their IgY was purified by precipitation with PEG 6000-chloroform. The highest IgY level was obtained on the 42nd day post-immunization, as measured by an ELISA test. Reactivity was determined by Western Blot, showing the recognition of specific bands between 41 and 150 kDa, which correspond to proteins involved in the adherence to dental surfaces. A MABA test showed cross-reactivity with S. salivarum. IgY activity was shown by in vitro agglutination and growth inhibition (MIC) of S. mutans. These results show the potential of these antibodies for application in passive immunization trials as an alternative to prevent dental caries

Research Note - Use of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Adult Worm Proteins of Schistosoma mansoni, in the Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis

It has become increasingly evident that in intestinal schistosomiasis, parasitological techniques frequently fail to reveal low-intensity infections. This happens in countries with a low level of transmission as Venezuela, where approximately 80% of individuals eliminate less than 100 eggs/g of feces. In this and other countries as China, control programs have incorporated serology as a way of improving diagnosis and treatment of the affected populations. Several serologic tests such as the circumoval precipitin test, indirect immunofluorescent assay, and immunoenzymatic assays with crude antigens, have been preferred among the antibody detection methods. However, none of them fulfill all of the following requirements: low cost, simplicity, high specificity and sensitivity, and correlation with active infection and worm burden. As alternative, the detection of circulating antigens such as the circulating cathodic antigen and the circulating anodic antigen by monoclonal antibodies have shown promising results only in areas of moderate and high transmission of schistosomiasis. Therefore, alternative methods need to be developed and synthetic peptides, either for the detection of antibodies or antigens, could be one of the approaches

Use of synthetic peptides derived from adult worm proteins of Schistosoma mansoni, in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis

It has become increasingly evident that in intestinal schistosomiasis, parasitological techniques frequently fail to reveal low-intensity infections. This happens in countries with a low level of transmission as Venezuela, where approximately 80% of individuals eliminate less than 100 eggs/g of feces. In this and other countries as China, control programs have incorporated serology as a way of improving diagnosis and treatment of the affected populations. Several serologic tests such as the circumoval precipitin test, indirect immunofluorescent assay, and immunoenzymatic assays with crude antigens, have been preferred among the antibody detection methods. However, none of them fulfill all of the following requirements: low cost, simplicity, high specificity and sensitivity, and correlation with active infection and worm burden. As alternative, the detection of circulating antigens such as the circulating cathodic antigen and the circulating anodic antigen by monoclonal antibodies have shown promising results only in areas of moderate and high transmission of schistosomiasis. Therefore, alternative methods need to be developed and synthetic peptides, either for the detection of antibodies or antigens, could be one of the approaches

A population-based clinical tril with the SPf66 synthetic Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Vaccine in Venezuela

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<title language="por">COLONIZATION AND LABORATORY MAINTENANCE OFAnopheles albimanus WIEDEMANN IN VENEZUELA

Anopheles albimanus is one of the main vectors of malaria in Central America and the Caribbean, based on its importance, there are previous reports of the successful colonization of this species in Latin America countries. Mosquitoes were collected in the Aragua State of Venezuela colonized in the laboratory, using a simple and efficient maintenance method. Based on life table calculations under well established laboratory conditions, the Survival Rate Probability was constant and always close to 1 in immature stages, the Reproductive Net Rate (Ro) was 3.83, the generation time (Tc) was 24.5 days and the Intrinsic Growth Rate (rm) was 0.0558. This is the first report of the colonization of A. albimanus in Venezuela.<br>Colonização e manutenção no laboratório de Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann na Venezuela Anopheles albimanus é dos principais vetores da malária na América Central e Caribe, sendo a primeira vez que conseguimos sua colonização na Venezuela. Os mosquitos foram capturados no Estado Aragua e colonizados no laboratório através de um método simples e eficiente. Estimaramse parâmetros populacionais usando tabelas de vida em condições laboratoriais bem controladas, observandose probabilidade de sobrevivência constante próxima a 1 para os estadios imaturos. O potencial reprodutivo está representado por uma taxa reprodutiva (Ro) de 3,83, período entre gerações de 24,5 dias e uma taxa intrínseca de crescimento (rm) de 0,05

Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus Antígenos compartidos entre Plasmodium falciparum y Anopheles albimanus

The presence of common antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus was demonstrated. Different groups of rabbits were immunized with: crude extract from female An. albimanus (EAaF), red blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum (EPfs), and the SPf66 synthetic malaria vaccine. The rabbit's polyclonal antibodies were evaluated by ELISA, Multiple Antigen Blot Assay (MABA), and immunoblotting. All extracts were immunogenic in rabbits according to these three techniques, when they were evaluated against the homologous antigens. Ten molecules were identified in female mosquitoes and also in P. falciparum antigens by the autologous sera. The electrophoretic pattern by SDS-PAGE was different for the three antigens evaluated. Cross-reactions between An. albimanus and P. falciparum were found by ELISA, MABA, and immunoblotting. Anti-P. falciparum and anti-SPf66 antibodies recognized ten and five components in the EAaF crude extract, respectively. Likewise, immune sera against female An. albimanus identified four molecules in the P. falciparum extract antigen. As far as we know, this is the first work that demonstrates shared antigens between anophelines and malaria parasites. This finding could be useful for diagnosis, vaccines, and the study of physiology of the immune response to malaria.<br>Epítopes de antígenos compartidos entre Plasmodium falciparum y Anopheles albimanus fueron identificados. Diferentes grupos de conejos fueron inmunizados con: extracto crudo de mosquito hembra de An. albimanus (EAaH), glóbulos rojos infectados con P. falciparum (EPfs) y la vacuna antimalárica sintética SPf66. Los anticuerpos policlonales producidos en conejos fueron evaluados por ELISA, inmunoensayo simultáneo de múltiples antígenos (MABA) e Immunoblotting. Todos los extractos resultaron inmunogénicos cuando se evaluaron por ELISA, MABA e Immunoblotting. Diez moléculas fueron identificadas en los mosquitos hembras y diez en los antígenos de P. falciparum por los sueros autólogos. El patrón electroforético por SDS-EGPA fue diferente para los tres antígenos evaluados. La reactividad cruzada de moléculas entre An. albimanus y P. falciparum fue demostrada por ELISA, MABA e Immunoblotting. Anticuerpos anti-P. falciparum y anti-SPf66 reconocieron diez y cinco componentes respectivamente en el extracto crudo de anofelinos (EAaH). Asimismo, sueros inmunes contra An. albimanus hembra identificaron cuatro moléculas en el extracto del antígeno de P. falciparum. Hasta el presente, este es el primer estudio en el que se demuestra la presencia de antígenos compartidos entre anofelinos y los parásitos de malaria. Este hallazgo podría ser de relevancia para el diagnóstico, vacunas e interpretación de la fisiopatología de la respuesta inmunitaria en malaria