149 research outputs found
Utilisation expérimentale de plaques d'aluminium pour l'évaluation entomologique du Programme de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose dans le bassin de la Volta
Evaluation des moyens de lutte contre les simulies dans le cadre du programme OCP (Onchocerciasis Control Programme)
Le Programme de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose en Afrique de l'Ouest, pour contrÎler le vecteur #S. damnosum s.l., utilise des larvicides qui sont essentiellement épandus par voie aérienne. Malgré la résistance plus ou moins réversible de certaines espÚces du complexe #S. damnosum aux organophosphorés (téméphos et chlorphoxime), le Programme a réussi à trouver des insecticides de remplacement efficaces. Ces larvicides utilisés en alternance en tenant compte des débits des riviÚres, des espÚces simulidiennes présentes, et de leur sensibilité aux divers insecticides, ont permis de maintenir les bons résultats acquis par le Programme. Par la seule lutte antivectorielle, l'OCP a réussi à contrÎler la maladie sur plus de 90 % de l'aire initiale. Les terres fertiles qui étaient autrefois abandonnées du fait de l'onchocercose sont en voie de repeuplement et de nombreux projets de développement socio-économique sont en cours d'exécution. Les extensions effectuées vers l'Ouest et le Sud du Programme, et l'utilisation de l'ivermectine, un microfilaricide, permettront encore d'améliorer ces résultats. (Résumé d'auteur
La lutte contre les vecteurs de l'onchocercose en Afrique de l'Ouest : description d'une logistique adaptée à un programme de santé publique de grande envergure
A synthetic overview of the SUSFISH project (Sustainable Management of Water and Fish Resources in Burkina Faso): society meets ecology. Final Report
The use of a biphasic calcium phosphate in a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure: a clinical, radiological, histological, and histomorphometric evaluation with 9- and 12-month healing times
Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in Africa: a OneHealth systematic review
Background:
Q fever is a common cause of febrile illness and community-acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings. Coxiella burnetii, the causative pathogen, is transmitted among varied host species, but the epidemiology of the organism in Africa is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review of C. burnetii epidemiology in Africa from a âOne Healthâ perspective to synthesize the published data and identify knowledge gaps.<p></p>
Methods/Principal Findings:
We searched nine databases to identify articles relevant to four key aspects of C. burnetii epidemiology in human and animal populations in Africa: infection prevalence; disease incidence; transmission risk factors; and infection control efforts. We identified 929 unique articles, 100 of which remained after full-text review. Of these, 41 articles describing 51 studies qualified for data extraction. Animal seroprevalence studies revealed infection by C. burnetii (≤13%) among cattle except for studies in Western and Middle Africa (18â55%). Small ruminant seroprevalence ranged from 11â33%. Human seroprevalence was <8% with the exception of studies among children and in Egypt (10â32%). Close contact with camels and rural residence were associated with increased seropositivity among humans. C. burnetii infection has been associated with livestock abortion. In human cohort studies, Q fever accounted for 2â9% of febrile illness hospitalizations and 1â3% of infective endocarditis cases. We found no studies of disease incidence estimates or disease control efforts.<p></p>
Conclusions/Significance:
C. burnetii infection is detected in humans and in a wide range of animal species across Africa, but seroprevalence varies widely by species and location. Risk factors underlying this variability are poorly understood as is the role of C. burnetii in livestock abortion. Q fever consistently accounts for a notable proportion of undifferentiated human febrile illness and infective endocarditis in cohort studies, but incidence estimates are lacking. C. burnetii presents a real yet underappreciated threat to human and animal health throughout Africa.<p></p>
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"Older Adults with ASD: The Consequences of Aging." Insights from a series of special interest group meetings held at the International Society for Autism Research 2016-2017
A special interest group (SIG) entitled "Older Adults with ASD: The Consequences of Aging" was held at the International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) annual meetings in 2016 and 2017. The SIG and subsequent meetings brought together, for the first time, international delegates who were members of the autistic community, researchers, practitioners and service providers. Based on aging autism research that is already underway in UK, Europe, Australia and North America, discussions focussed on conceptualising the parameters of aging when referring to autism, and the measures that are appropriate to use with older adults when considering diagnostic assessment, cognitive factors and quality of life in older age. Thus, the aim of this SIG was to progress the research agenda on current and future directions for autism research in the context of aging. A global issue on how to define 'aging' when referring to ASD was at the forefront of discussions. The âagingâ concept can in principle refer to all developmental transitions. However, in this paper we focus on the cognitive and physical changes that take place from mid-life onwards. Accordingly, it was agreed that aging and ASD research should focus on adults over the age of 50 years, given the high rates of co-occurring physical and mental health concerns and increased risk of premature death in some individuals. Moreover, very little is known about the cognitive change, care needs and outcomes of autistic adults beyond this age. Discussions on the topics of diagnostic and cognitive assessments, and of quality of life and well-being were explored through shared knowledge about which measures are currently being used and which background questions should be asked to obtain comprehensive and informative developmental and medical histories. Accordingly, a survey was completed by SIG delegates who were representatives of international research groups across four continents, and who are currently conducting studies with older autistic adults. Considerable overlap was identified across different research groups in measures of both autism and quality of life, which pointed to combining data and shared learnings as the logical next step. Regarding the background questions that were asked, the different research groups covered similar topics but the groups differed in the way these questions were formulated when working with autistic adults across a range of cognitive abilities. It became clear that continued input from individuals on the autism spectrum is important to ensure that questionnaires used in ongoing and future are accessible and understandable for people across the whole autistic spectrum, including those with limited verbal abilities
A histomorphometric meta-analysis of sinus elevation with various grafting materials
Several grafting materials have been used in sinus augmentation procedures including autogenous bone, demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDBA), hydroxyapatite, ÎČ-tricalcium phosphate (ÎČ-TCP), anorganic deproteinized bovine bone and combination of these and others. Up to now a subject of controversy in maxillofacial surgery and dentistry is, what is the most appropriate graft material for sinus floor augmentation
A new biphasic osteoinductive calcium composite material with a negative Zeta potential for bone augmentation
The aim of the present study was to analyze the osteogenic potential of a biphasic calcium composite material (BCC) with a negative surface charge for maxillary sinus floor augmentation. In a 61 year old patient, the BCC material was used in a bilateral sinus floor augmentation procedure. Six months postoperative, a bone sample was taken from the augmented regions before two titanium implants were inserted at each side. We analyzed bone neoformation by histology, bone density by computed tomography, and measured the activity of voltage-activated calcium currents of osteoblasts and surface charge effects. Control orthopantomograms were carried out five months after implant insertion. The BCC was biocompatible and replaced by new mineralized bone after being resorbed completely. The material demonstrated a negative surface charge (negative Zeta potential) which was found to be favorable for bone regeneration and osseointegration of dental implants
Effect of thrombin peptide 508 (TP508) on bone healing during distraction osteogenesis in rabbit tibia
Thrombin-related peptide 508 (TP508) accelerates bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis (DO). We have examined the effect of TP508 on bone regeneration during DO by immunolocalization of Runx2 protein, a marker of osteoblast differentiation, and of osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), two late markers of the osteoblast lineage. Distraction was performed in tibiae of rabbits over a period of 6Â days. TP508 (30 or 300Â ÎŒg) or vehicle was injected into the distraction gap at the beginning and end of the distraction period. Two weeks after active distraction, tissue samples were harvested and processed for immunohistochemical analysis. We also tested the in vitro effect of TP508 on Runx2 mRNA expression in osteoblast-like (MC3T3-E1) cells by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Runx2 and OPN protein were observed in preosteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes of newly formed bone, blood vessel cells and many fibroblast-like cells of the soft connective tissue. Immunostaining for BSP was more restricted to osteoblasts and osteocytes. Significantly more Runx2- and OPN-expressing cells were seen in the group treated with 300Â ÎŒg TP508 than in the control group injected with saline or with 30Â ÎŒg TP508. However, TP508 failed to increase Runx2 mRNA levels significantly in MC3T3-E1 cells after 2â3Â days of exposure. Our data suggest that TP508 enhances bone regeneration during DO by increasing the proportion of cells of the osteoblastic lineage. Clinically, TP508 may shorten the healing time during DO; this might be of benefit when bone regeneration is slow
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