Processing and Communication Delays in EWS: On the Performance of the Earthcloud Prototype

A Seismic Alert System (SAS), also called Earthquake Warning System (EWS) or Earthquake Early Warning System (EEW or EEWS), represents one of the most important measures that can be taken to prevent and minimize earthquake damage. These systems are mainly used to detect P-waves and the faster seismic waves and to subsequently trigger an alarm about the incoming S-waves, the slower and most dangerous seismic waves. In some cases, distributed systems are also able to alert some locations before the impending P-waves strike them. This paper presents Earthcloud, a cloud-based SAS that aims to provide all the former capabilities while retaining financial accessibility. Earthcloud first results, generated from four months of data acquisition, are compared with those coming from other systems. In particular, the paper focuses on processing and communication delays, showing how the Earthcloud new detection strategy may minimize delays. Although a thorough test campaign with more sensor nodes is needed to assess performance reliably, especially for highly dense urban scenarios, initial results are promising, with total latencies for Earthcloud always kept under the 1-second mark, despite being at the expense of solid magnitude estimation

Support of Safety Services through Vehicular Communications: The Intersection Collision Avoidance Use Case

Cooperative systems are based on the periodical exchange of standardized information, thanks to which vehicles can advertise their presence, position and the direction they are moving to, and execute sophisticated C-ITS applications that can detect potentially dangerous situations and properly react. The technological pillar, which must enable a Vehicular ad Hoc Network (VANET), is now being debated: the candidates are the traditional WiFi-based approach and the upcoming cellular one. The application effectiveness, however, depends not only on the technology, but also on how fast it is adopted and becomes widespread, i.e., the so-called technology Penetration Rate (PR). In this paper, simulation is used to evaluate the Intersection Collision Avoidance (ICA) application for both candidate technologies, and evaluated as a function of the technology PR.This work was partially supported by FCA through the DiVe project, by the C.A.R.S. center at Politecnico di Torino, and by the H2020 5G-TRANSFORMER project (Project ID 761536

Contamination of a high-cell-density continuous bioreactor

Continuous fermentations were carried out with a recombinant flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain in an airlift bioreactor. Once operating under steady state at a dilution rate of 0.45 h−1, the bioreactor was contaminated with Escherichia coli cells. The faster growing E. coli strain was washed out of the bioreactor and the recombinant, slower growing flocculating S. cerevisiae strain remained as the only species detected in the bioreactor. Flocculation, besides allowing for the realization of high-cell-density systems with corresponding unusual high productivity, may be used as a selective property for controlling some contamination problems associated with prolonged continuous operation.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia -PRAXIS XXI/BD/11306/97

Iron speciation in aerosol dust influences iron bioavailability over glacial-interglacial timescales

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A role for the ELAV RNA-binding proteins in neural stem cells : stabilization of Msi1 mRNA

Post-transcriptional regulation exerted by neural-specific RNA-binding proteins plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Neural ELAV proteins are key inducers of neuronal differentiation through the stabilization and/or translational enhancement of target transcripts bearing the AU-rich elements (AREs), whereas Musashi-1 maintains the stem cell proliferation state by acting as a translational repressor. Since the gene encoding Musashi-1 (Msi1) contains a conserved ARE in its 3' untranslated region, the authors focused on the possibility of a mechanistic relation between ELAV proteins and Musashi-1 in cell fate commitment. Colocalization of neural ELAV proteins with Musashi-1 clearly shows that ELAV proteins are expressed at early stages of neural commitment, whereas interaction studies demonstrate that neural ELAV proteins exert an ARE-dependent binding activity on the Msi1 mRNA. This binding activity has functional effects, since the ELAV protein family member HuD is able to stabilize the Msi1 ARE-contg. mRNA in a sequence-dependent way in a deadenylation/degrdn. assay. Furthermore activation of the neural ELAV proteins by phorbol esters in human SH-SY5Y cells is assocd. with an increase of Musashi-1 protein content in the cytoskeleton. The authors propose that ELAV RNA-binding proteins exert an important post-transcriptional control on Musashi-1 expression in the transition from proliferation to neural differentiation of stem/progenitor cells

A MEC-based Extended Virtual Sensing for Automotive Services

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) comes with the promise of enabling low-latency applications and of reducing core network load by offloading traffic to edge service instances. Recent standardization efforts, among which the ETSI MEC, have brought about detailed architectures for the MEC. Leveraging the ETSI model, in this paper we first present a flexible, yet full-fledged, MEC architecture that is compliant with the standard specifications. We then use such architecture, along with the popular OpenAir Interface (OAI), for the support of automotive services with very tight latency requirements. We focus in particular on the Extended Virtual Sensing (EVS) services, which aim at enhancing the sensor measurements aboard vehicles with the data collected by the network infrastructure, and exploit this information to achieve better safety and improved passengers/driver comfort. For the sake of concreteness, we select the intersection control as an EVS service and present its design and implementation within the MEC platform. Experimental measurements obtained through our testbed show the excellent performance of the MEC EVS service against its equivalent cloud-based implementation, proving the need for MEC to support critical automotive services, as well as the benefits of the solution we designed.This work was supported by the European Commission through the H2020 5G-TRANSFORMER project (Project ID 761536). The work of Christian Vitale was also supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant 739551 (KIOS CoE) and from the Republic of Cyprus through the Directorate General for Euro-pean Programmes, Coordination, and Development