Potential pharmacologic treatments for COVID-19 patients: A review study

A cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin was detected on December 31th which led to the discovery of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Lungs are the primary site of involvement. SARS-COV-2, which is the causative agent, enters the alveolar cells using ACE2 as a receptor. Due to exposure of first cases to Wuhan’s animal market, a zoonotic transmission was suspected. Further studies suggested human to human transmission through contact and droplets. Symptoms vary from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Cases are diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory findings. Currently, there is no definitive treatment or vaccine and different antiviral and other treatments are being tested as possible therapeutic agents with different mechanisms, for example, Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, favipiravir, umifenovir, ribavirin, Ivermectin, etc

Diversificação de símile no estilo e estrutura de Gilani 'diwan A'li (suprema corte)

Simile has always been the subject of attention by poets and writers and it has a unique place. The uniqueness of this beautiful art attracts the imaginative element of poetry and readership, and the owners of style and writers that can't be easily remove this elegant and functional instrument. Poets and peoples use their efforts to bring their writings with a variety of similes. A poet is capable that use these imaginative designs in the most beautiful way. In this article, we examine the types of simile in the poem of Gilani Supreme Court. The provided table helps the reader to understand hidden sides of the poet's thoughts. Among the used similes, topic is the praise, Image is around subjects. A'li used composite, sensory, wisdom simile and the supposed syntax has the highest repetition among the poet's poetry. A'li used simile more than any other instrument in his poem.El símil siempre ha sido el tema de atención de poetas y escritores y tiene un lugar único. La singularidad de este bello arte atrae el elemento imaginativo de la poesía y los lectores, y los propietarios de estilo y escritores que no pueden eliminar fácilmente este instrumento elegante y funcional. Los poetas y los pueblos usan sus esfuerzos para llevar sus escritos con una variedad de símiles. Un poeta es capaz de utilizar estos diseños imaginativos de la manera más bella. En este artículo, examinamos los tipos de símil en el poema de la Corte Suprema de Gilani. La tabla proporcionada ayuda al lector a comprender los lados ocultos de los pensamientos del poeta. Entre los símiles usados, el tema es el elogio, la imagen está alrededor de los sujetos. A'li utilizó un símil compuesto, sensorial, de sabiduría y la supuesta sintaxis tiene la mayor repetición entre la poesía del poeta. A'li usó símil más que cualquier otro instrumento en su poema.Simile sempre foi objeto de atenção de poetas e escritores e tem um lugar único. A singularidade desta bela arte atrai o elemento imaginativo de poesia e leitura, e os donos de estilo e escritores que não podem facilmente remover este instrumento elegante e funcional. Poetas e povos usam seus esforços para trazer seus escritos com uma variedade de símiles. Um poeta é capaz de usar esses desenhos imaginativos da maneira mais bonita. Neste artigo, examinamos os tipos de símile no poema da Suprema Corte de Gilani.  A tabela fornecida ajuda o leitor a entender os lados ocultos dos pensamentos do poeta. Entre os símiles usados, tópico é o elogio, Imag em é em torno de assuntos. A'li usou compósitos, sensorial, simile de sabedoria e a suposta sintaxe tem a mais alta repetição entre a poesia do poeta. A'li usou símile mais do que qualquer outro instrumento em seu poema

Determination of Synthetic Food Colors, Caffeine, Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in Sports Drinks

Purpose: To employ high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques to determine edible additives in commercial sports drinks.Methods: A total of 105 samples including 21 different brands of sports drinks were purchased from markets in Tehran, Iran. The process conditions included a C18 column, a mobile phase consisting of aqueous ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 4.2) and acetonitrile (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml min–1. The injection volume was 20 μL and the UV detector was set at 225 nm.Results: Mean recovery was between 95 and 106 %. The mean concentrations of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in Iranian brands (147.72 and 11.54 ppm, respectively) were significantly higher than in foreign brands (19.43 and 4.91 ppm, respectively, p < 0.05). The maximum amount of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate was 251.50 ± 18.69 and 96.38 ± 38.56 ppm, respectively, while caffeine content was in the range of 293.48 ± 14.33 - 607.32 ± 135.33 ppm.Conclusion: HPLC permits the detection of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate at very low concentrations. Furthermore, caffeine was detected in all the sport drinks. Only Brilliant Blue and Allura Red were detected in the drinks.Keywords: Edible additives, Sports drinks, Sodium benzoate, Potassium sorbate, Caffeine, Brilliant Blue, Allura Re

The Role of Emojis in Crime and Interpretive Challenges

In online communication, emojis are widely used and are often considered as beautiful and exciting additions to the original text. Emojis are now referred to as the "language of the online age" and "the fastest growing language in the world." In digital text messaging, it is possible to convey humor, emotion and sociality through emojis. However, the question is that in addition to the role of text beautification and transmission of emotions, is it possible to commit a crime by sending emojis? What are the challenges faced by jurisprudence in dealing with emojis as evidence? Therefore, the present article first examines the role of emojis in crimes such as intimidation and insults by recognizing different judicial examples of criminal cases and emoji-related proceedings, and then the challenges facing acceptance. Emoji evidence is evaluated in criminal proceedings.Findings show that criminal activities can be committed under the guise of emotional emoji function and their role in facilitating trust for a criminal purpose, and in particular crimes such as threatening, insulting or sexually abusing children, can be sent through Emojis occur. However, Criminal Courts In interpreting emojis and evaluating them as evidence,They face challenges such as poor expression and implication of emojis in criminal proceedings, change of platform, cultural differences in the interpretation of emojis, and instability of the psychological element in emoji-based crimes After getting acquainted with the challenges in emoji-based criminal proceedings, it has been tried to introduce solutions to these challenges in order to resolve the problems and create a unified judicial procedure

Ultrasonic assisted synthesis, crystallographic, spectroscopic studies and biological activity of three new Zn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes as precursors for nano-metal oxides

The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.054 © 2019. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Using ultrasonic irradiations, three new complexes of type [ZnL2].CH3CN, [NiLCl] and [CoL2] (where L is 2-acetylpyridine-4N-p-chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone ligand) have been prepared and investigated using various spectroscopic methods. Crystal structures of ZnL2 and NiLCl complexes displayed distorted octahedral and square-planar coordination geometry around the central metal, respectively. The UV-visible and mass spectroscopic analysis revealed 1:2 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry for Co(II) complex. The synthesized complexes have been used as precursors for preparing their corresponding nano-sized metal oxides via thermal decomposition. The nanostructures of metal oxides were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X–ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR). The in vitro antibacterial activity of thiosemicarbazone complexes and their corresponding nano-sized metal oxides were studied against a series of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, using the zone inhibition methods. While NiLCl complex was shown to possess more antimicrobial activity than its nano-sized metal oxide, the prepared nano-sized zinc and cobalt oxides have shown the highest activity.University of Guila

Investigation of social capital and its relationship with emotional adjustment in infertile couples: A cross-sectional study

Background: Infertility is an abnormal event in the life of families and can have various consequences on a personal and social level. Therefore, infertile couples need to manage their emotional responses. Social capital, as one of the social determinants of health, can affect mental health. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between social capital and emotional adjustment in infertile couples. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019 with 170 infertile couples visiting infertility centers in Sari, Iran. The data collection instruments included the social capital integrated questionnaire, an emotional adjustment scale and a demographic-reproductive checklist. Results: All the social capital dimensions, except for the groups and networks dimension, had a score of higher than 50 (more than the mean score). Based on ANCOVA and the multiple linear regression results, the dimension of trust and solidarity had a significant negative relationship with emotional adjustment (p = 0.01), but no significant relationship was observed between the other social capital dimensions and emotional adjustment. Conclusion: The trust and solidarity dimension had a significant relationship with emotional adjustment in infertile couples. Accordingly, increasing mutual trust between neighborhood residents can strengthen social capital, and in turn, improve emotional adjustment in infertile couples. Key words: Social capital, Emotional adjustment, Infertility

Validity and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Persian Version of the Oxford Elbow Score

Oxford Elbow Score (OES) is a patient-reported questionnaire used to assess outcomes after elbow surgery. The aim of this study was to validate and adapt the OES into Persian language. After forward-backward translation of the OES into Persian, a total number of 92 patients after elbow surgeries completed the Persian OES along with the Persian DASH and SF-36. To assess test-retest reliability, 31 randomly selected patients (34%) completed the Persian OES again after three days while abstaining from all forms of therapeutic regimens. Reliability of the Persian OES was assessed by measuring intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to test the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.92 showing excellent reliability. Cronbach's alpha for function, pain, and social-psychological subscales was 0.95, 0.86, and 0.85, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.85 for the overall questionnaire and 0.90, 0.76, and 0.75 for function, pain, and social-psychological subscales, respectively. Construct validity was confirmed as the Spearman correlation between OES and DASH was 0.80. Persian OES is a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome measure to assess postsurgical elbow status in Persian speaking population

Targeting Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways of SARS-CoV-2: Approaches to COVID-19 Therapeutic Candidates

Due to the complicated pathogenic pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), related medicinal therapies have remained a clinical challenge. COVID-19 highlights the urgent need to develop mechanistic pathogenic pathways and effective agents for preventing/treating future epidemics. As a result, the destructive pathways of COVID-19 are in the line with clinical symptoms induced by severe acute coronary syndrome (SARS), including lung failure and pneumonia. Accordingly, revealing the exact signaling pathways, including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, as well as relative representative mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Bax/caspases, and Beclin/LC3, respectively, will pave the road for combating COVID-19. Prevailing host factors and multiple steps of SARS-CoV-2 attachment/entry, replication, and assembly/release would be hopeful strategies against COVID-19. This is a comprehensive review of the destructive signaling pathways and host–pathogen interaction of SARS-CoV-2, as well as related therapeutic targets and treatment strategies, including potential natural products-based candidatesJ.E. gratefully acknowledges funding from CONICYT (PAI/ACADEMIA N°79160109)S

Prenatal Diagnosis of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type-1 (Five Cases from Iran with Two New Mutations)

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1(LAD-1) is one of the autosomal recessive immunodeficiency diseases that results from mutation in integrin beta 2 (ITGB2) gene. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular prenatal diagnosis of LAD-1. Four pregnant women with five fetuses (one twin fetus) with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of LAD-1 in their previous children were studied. The chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was obtained when mothers were in 10-12th weeks of gestation. Mutation analysis of ITGB2 gene for affected children revealed 3 misssense mutations (c.382G>A,   a   novel   mutation,   c.2146G>C,   and   c.715G>A)   and   one   splice  site novel mutation (c.1877+2T>C). All parents were heterozygous for these mutations. Consideration of affected gene regions for five CVS samples showed two homozygotes and one heterozygote for mutant allele and two homozygotes for normal allele. Interestingly, one  of  the  twin  fetuses  was  affected  and  another  was  normal.  Briefly, two  cases  of CVS samples were affected and three cases of remained CVS samples were unaffected. This is the first report of prenatal diagnosis of LAD-1 from Iran with two new mutations that can be used for genetic and prenatal diagnosis for all patients suspected to LAD1 and can be helpful to prevent the birth of affected children with LAD-1. This  abstract  was presented  in  the  Second  International  Congress  of  Immunology, Asthma and Allergy, Tehran, Iran 2013