Exploring the use of social networking tools among Lebanese students

During the last decade, Social Networking (SN) tools have become increasingly popular and are now an important part of our daily lives. SN tools can be brought into the classroom to bear on some of the challenges the faculty face in enabling students to succeed in their education. This study explores various SN tools used by high school students in Lebanon. It gives insight into students’ suggestions and ideas for various formal learning tasks using SN tools that might be beneficial for teaching and learning. Lebanese students were found to use SN applications in their daily lives extensively, for communication, socialization and various formats of formal and informal learning. The most widely used app was the WhatsApp Instant Messenger. Keywords: social networking tools, formal learning, informal learning

Using Interactive Technology to Develop Preservice Teachers’ STEAM Competencies in Early Childhood Education Program

Using interactive technology leads to an interactive learning environment where learners develop their STEAM competencies, including critical thinking, collaboration, communication, creativity and innovation, self-direction, connection, and the use of interactive technology tools effectively. This research aims to investigate the use of interactive technology in developing preservice teachers’ STEAM competencies. The participants were preservice teachers (n=80) in an early childhood education program at a Federal University in the United Arab Emirates. An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach used quantitative analysis (quasi-experiment) followed by a qualitative approach (a focus group discussion was conducted). An online survey was used to collect the quantitative data from the participants before the semester started. It was sent again to participants at the end of the semester. The focus group discussions were used to collect the data from selected participants from the experimental group (n=18). The study results reveal a significant positive impact on the development of preservice teachers’ STEAM competencies after using the interactive technolog

Cellulose and lignin biosynthesis is altered by ozone in wood of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula×alba)

Wood formation in trees is a dynamic process that is strongly affected by environmental factors. However, the impact of ozone on wood is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of ozone on wood formation by focusing on the two major wood components, cellulose and lignin, and analysing any anatomical modifications. Young hybrid poplars (Populus tremula×alba) were cultivated under different ozone concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 300 nl l−1). As upright poplars usually develop tension wood in a non-set pattern, the trees were bent in order to induce tension wood formation on the upper side of the stem and normal or opposite wood on the lower side. Biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin (enzymes and RNA levels), together with cambial growth, decreased in response to ozone exposure. The cellulose to lignin ratio was reduced, suggesting that cellulose biosynthesis was more affected than that of lignin. Tension wood was generally more altered than opposite wood, especially at the anatomical level. Tension wood may be more susceptible to reduced carbon allocation to the stems under ozone exposure. These results suggested a coordinated regulation of cellulose and lignin deposition to sustain mechanical strength under ozone. The modifications of the cellulose to lignin ratio and wood anatomy could allow the tree to maintain radial growth while minimizing carbon cost

Burden of obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study

Mokdad AH, El Bcheraoui C, Afshin A, et al. Burden of obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. 2018;63(Suppl. 1):165-176.We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study results to explore the burden of high body mass index (BMI) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children (2-19 years) and adults (20 years) in 1980 and 2015. The burden of disease related to high BMI was calculated using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. The prevalence of obesity increased for adults from 15.1% (95% UI 13.4-16.9) in 1980 to 20.7% (95% UI 18.8-22.8) in 2015. It increased from 4.1% (95% UI 2.9-5.5) to 4.9% (95% UI 3.6-6.4) for the same period among children. In 2015, there were 417,115 deaths and 14,448,548 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI in EMR, which constitute about 10 and 6.3% of total deaths and DALYs, respectively, for all ages. This is the first study to estimate trends in obesity burden for the EMR from 1980 to 2015. We call for EMR countries to invest more resources in prevention and health promotion efforts to reduce this burden

Burden of cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2005-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study

Fitzmaurice C, Alsharif U, El Bcheraoui C, et al. Burden of cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2005-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. 2018;63(Suppl. 1):151-164.To estimate incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 2005 and 2015. Vital registration system and cancer registry data from the EMR region were analyzed for 29 cancer groups in 22 EMR countries using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 methodology. In 2015, cancer was responsible for 9.4% of all deaths and 5.1% of all DALYs. It accounted for 722,646 new cases, 379,093 deaths, and 11.7 million DALYs. Between 2005 and 2015, incident cases increased by 46%, deaths by 33%, and DALYs by 31%. The increase in cancer incidence was largely driven by population growth and population aging. Breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia were the most common cancers, while lung, breast, and stomach cancers caused most cancer deaths. Cancer is responsible for a substantial disease burden in the EMR, which is increasing. There is an urgent need to expand cancer prevention, screening, and awareness programs in EMR countries as well as to improve diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care services

Dynamiques saisonnières des réserves carbonées et azotées chez le chêne sessile (Quercus petraea) et le hêtre (Fagus sylvatica) adultes

Sessile oak and beech are two deciduous temperate broadleaved species, characterized by contrasted foliar and cambial phenologies. In order to progress in our understanding of reserves management in these species, we studied the seasonal dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reserves in adult trees in their natural environment. For this purpose, we developed a multidisciplinary approach associating ecophysiology, biochemistry and isotopy. The monthly monitoring of seasonal variation in C and N reserves in the stem sapwood showed a strong remobilization of starch from the most recent rings of oak in the spring in order to supply the necessary C for early wood growth that is concomitant to leaf expansion in this species. For beech, spring growth seemed to be less dependant on C stored within the stem sapwood. In both species, 2 polypeptides of 13 and 26 kDa accumulated with leaf senescence in the autumn and were highly abundant during the dormant period then they were remobilized with bud burst in the spring. This seasonal variation supports their role in nitrogen storage as vegetative storage proteins (VSP) and does not exclude a role in cold hardiness too. In sessile oak, the in situ 15N labeling of soil N (newly absorbed N) during the bud burst in the spring showed that N reserves accounted for 90% of total N of the new organs (leaves and twigs) at the first stages of growth. The contribution of newly assimilated N became more important when bud burst was achieved. The distribution patterns of non-structural C and N concentrations and amounts at the tree level was realized by an exhaustive sampling of trees from both species in the winter (January) and at full leaf expansion (June). This study showed i) that the distribution of concentrations among tree organs was dependant of the physiological function, wood anatomy and proximity to sink organs, ii) the importance of stem sapwood and coarse roots in reserves storage during the winter, iii) the importance of non-structural nitrogen amounts in leaves and twigs despite their low biomass, iv) higher amounts of non-structural C and N compounds in oak compared to beech, that reflects contrasted needs for spring growth and tissue maintenance during the winter dormancyLe chêne sessile et le hêtre sont deux espèces feuillues décidues tempérées, caractérisées par des phénologies foliaires et cambiales contrastées. Afin de progresser dans la compréhension de la gestion des réserves qui sont des composantes importantes des cycles internes du carbone et de l'azote, nous avons étudié la dynamique saisonnière des réserves carbonées (C) et azotées (N) chez des arbres adultes des deux espèces dans leur environnement naturel. Afin de répondre à nos objectifs, nous avons développé une approche pluridisciplinaire associant écophysiologie, biochimie et isotopie. Le suivi mensuel des variations saisonnières des réserves C et N dans le tronc a révélé chez le chêne une forte remobilisation de l'amidon à partir des cernes les plus récents au printemps pour fournir le carbone nécessaire pour la croissance du bois initial du nouveau cerne qui est concomitante à l'expansion foliaire. Chez le hêtre, la croissance printanière ne semble pas dépendante des réserves C du tronc. Chez les deux espèces, deux polypeptides de 13 et de 26 kDa s'accumulent avec la sénescence foliaire en automne, sont très abondants en période hivernale froide et sont remobilisés avec le débourrement au printemps. Cette cinétique saisonnière leur confère un rôle dans le stockage de l'azote (protéines végétatives de réserve, VSP), mais n'exclut pas un rôle dans la tolérance au froid. Chez le chêne sessile, l'étude de la source d'azote pour la croissance des feuilles et des pousses par marquage isotopique au 15N a montré que les réserves N contribuent jusqu'à 90% de l'azote total des nouveaux organes aux premiers stades de développement. La contribution de l'azote nouvellement assimilé ne devient significative que quand le débourrement est achevé. L'étude de la répartition et des quantités des composés C et N non-structuraux à l'échelle de l'arbre a été réalisée par un échantillonnage destructif d'arbres des deux espèces en hiver (Janvier) et à l'étalement complet des feuilles (Juin). Cette étude a montré i) une distribution des concentrations entre organes dépendante de leur fonction physiologique, de l'anatomie du bois et de la distance aux organes puits, ii) l'importance du tronc et des racines dans le stockage des réserves en hiver, iii) l'importance des quantités d'azote non-structural des feuilles et des pousses malgré leur faible biomasse, iv) des quantités de C et N non-structuraux plus importants chez le chêne par rapport au hêtre, pouvant refléter des besoins contrastés pour la croissance et l'entretien des tissus en hive

Pengembangan Media Audiovisual BEKU dengan Model Pembelajaran Auditory Intelectually Repetition pada Teks Berita

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran BEKU pada materi teks berita kelas VIII dengan berbasis model pembelajaran auditory intellectually repetition dan mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran tersebut dan respons peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran. Dalam prosesnya, penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan atau Research and Development (RnD). Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik wawancara dan angket sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah ahli materi, ahli media, dan peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Tangerang Selatan. Hasil penelitian yaitu: 1) validasi ahli materi dengan persentase 91% dengan kategori sangat layak dan validasi ahli media dengan persentase 100% dengan kategori sangat layak 2) respons peserta didik secara keseluruhan memperoleh persentase 92,5% dengan kriteria sangat layak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran BEKU pada teks berita rakyat kelas VIII dengan berbasis model pembelajaran auditory intellectually repetition sangat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran BEKU, Teks Berita, Auditory IntelectuallyRepetition

Seasonal dynamics of carbon and nitrogen reserves in adult sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees

Le chêne sessile et le hêtre sont deux espèces feuillues décidues tempérées, caractérisées par des phénologies foliaires et cambiales contrastées. Afin de progresser dans la compréhension de la gestion des réserves qui sont des composantes importantes des cycles internes du carbone et de l'azote, nous avons étudié la dynamique saisonnière des réserves carbonées (C) et azotées (N) chez des arbres adultes des deux espèces dans leur environnement naturel. Afin de répondre à nos objectifs, nous avons développé une approche pluridisciplinaire associant écophysiologie, biochimie et isotopie. Le suivi mensuel des variations saisonnières des réserves C et N dans le tronc a révélé chez le chêne une forte remobilisation de l'amidon à partir des cernes les plus récents au printemps pour fournir le carbone nécessaire pour la croissance du bois initial du nouveau cerne qui est concomitante à l'expansion foliaire. Chez le hêtre, la croissance printanière ne semble pas dépendante des réserves C du tronc. Chez les deux espèces, deux polypeptides de 13 et de 26 kDa s'accumulent avec la sénescence foliaire en automne, sont très abondants en période hivernale froide et sont remobilisés avec le débourrement au printemps. Cette cinétique saisonnière leur confère un rôle dans le stockage de l'azote (protéines végétatives de réserve, VSP), mais n'exclut pas un rôle dans la tolérance au froid. Chez le chêne sessile, l'étude de la source d'azote pour la croissance des feuilles et des pousses par marquage isotopique au 15N a montré que les réserves N contribuent jusqu'à 90% de l'azote total des nouveaux organes aux premiers stades de développement. La contribution de l'azote nouvellement assimilé ne devient significative que quand le débourrement est achevé. L'étude de la répartition et des quantités des composés C et N non-structuraux à l'échelle de l'arbre a été réalisée par un échantillonnage destructif d'arbres des deux espèces en hiver (Janvier) et à l'étalement complet des feuilles (Juin). Cette étude a montré i) une distribution des concentrations entre organes dépendante de leur fonction physiologique, de l'anatomie du bois et de la distance aux organes puits, ii) l'importance du tronc et des racines dans le stockage des réserves en hiver, iii) l'importance des quantités d'azote non-structural des feuilles et des pousses malgré leur faible biomasse, iv) des quantités de C et N non-structuraux plus importants chez le chêne par rapport au hêtre, pouvant refléter des besoins contrastés pour la croissance et l'entretien des tissus en hiverSessile oak and beech are two deciduous temperate broadleaved species, characterized by contrasted foliar and cambial phenologies. In order to progress in our understanding of reserves management in these species, we studied the seasonal dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reserves in adult trees in their natural environment. For this purpose, we developed a multidisciplinary approach associating ecophysiology, biochemistry and isotopy. The monthly monitoring of seasonal variation in C and N reserves in the stem sapwood showed a strong remobilization of starch from the most recent rings of oak in the spring in order to supply the necessary C for early wood growth that is concomitant to leaf expansion in this species. For beech, spring growth seemed to be less dependant on C stored within the stem sapwood. In both species, 2 polypeptides of 13 and 26 kDa accumulated with leaf senescence in the autumn and were highly abundant during the dormant period then they were remobilized with bud burst in the spring. This seasonal variation supports their role in nitrogen storage as vegetative storage proteins (VSP) and does not exclude a role in cold hardiness too. In sessile oak, the in situ 15N labeling of soil N (newly absorbed N) during the bud burst in the spring showed that N reserves accounted for 90% of total N of the new organs (leaves and twigs) at the first stages of growth. The contribution of newly assimilated N became more important when bud burst was achieved. The distribution patterns of non-structural C and N concentrations and amounts at the tree level was realized by an exhaustive sampling of trees from both species in the winter (January) and at full leaf expansion (June). This study showed i) that the distribution of concentrations among tree organs was dependant of the physiological function, wood anatomy and proximity to sink organs, ii) the importance of stem sapwood and coarse roots in reserves storage during the winter, iii) the importance of non-structural nitrogen amounts in leaves and twigs despite their low biomass, iv) higher amounts of non-structural C and N compounds in oak compared to beech, that reflects contrasted needs for spring growth and tissue maintenance during the winter dormanc