303 research outputs found

    Effect of Chloride Anions on Cu Electrodeposition onto Pt(110) and Pd(110) Surfaces*

    Get PDF
    Cyclic voltammetry for Cu UPD on Pd(110) in H2S04, HC104 and in Cl containing solutions has been studied in comparion with Cu UPD on a Pt(l10) surface. The structural properties of Pd(110) and Pt(110) after Cu UPD in different electrolyte solutions were investigated by LEED. RHEED and Auger electron spectroscopy. Structural models for Pd(110) covered by 1 and 2 ML Cu, derived from the coulometric charge, AES measure-ments and the diffraction data are presented. Specific adsorption of S042-/HS04- anions causes the formation of ordered c(2X4) and c(2x2) structures on Pt(110) and Pd(1l0) respectively. In the presence of chloride ions, specific adsorption of Cl on the Cu/Pd(l10) surface gives rise to a pronounced change in the voltammogram and results in two ordered superstructures, while on Pt(l10) no specific adsorption of Cl takes place

    Failure time and critical behaviour of fracture precursors in heterogeneous materials

    Full text link
    The acoustic emission of fracture precursors, and the failure time of samples of heterogeneous materials (wood, fiberglass) are studied as a function of the load features and geometry. It is shown that in these materials the failure time is predicted with a good accuracy by a model of microcrack nucleation proposed by Pomeau. We find that the time interval % \delta t between events (precursors) and the energy ε\varepsilon are power law distributed and that the exponents of these power laws depend on the load history and on the material. In contrast, the cumulated acoustic energy EE presents a critical divergency near the breaking time τ\tau which is % E\sim \left( \frac{\tau -t}\tau \right) ^{-\gamma }. The positive exponent % \gamma is independent, within error bars, on all the experimental parameters.Comment: to be published on European Physical Journa

    Electrodeposition of Cu onto Reconstructed Pt(100) and Pt(110) Surfaces

    No full text
    The structural properties of reconstructed Pt(100) and (110) surfaces in H2S04 solution and after underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cu were investigated by means of LEED, RHEED, Auger electron spectroscopy and voltammetry. Potential cycling between —0.2 and +0.2 V leaves the surface reconstructions unaffected. While with Pt(110) the 1 X 2 surface periodicity survives Cu UPD as well as subsequent stripping, with Pt(100) the surface reconstruction is lifted by Cu UPD. Structural models for Pt(110) covered by 1 and 2 monolayers (ML) of Cu are presented which are consistent with the various experimental observations. Specific adsorption of anions (SO 24- and Br-) on Cu/Pt(110) causes the formation of ordered overlayers under certain conditions

    3-D GRMHD and GRPIC Simulations of Disk-Jet Coupling and Emission

    Get PDF
    We investigate jet formation in black-hole systems using 3-D General Relativistic Particle-In-Cell (GRPIC) and 3-D GRMHD simulations. GRPIC simulations, which allow charge separations in a collisionless plasma, do not need to invoke the frozen condition as in GRMHD simulations. 3-D GRPIC simulations show that jets are launched from Kerr black holes as in 3-D GRMHD simulations, but jet formation in the two cases may not be identical. Comparative study of black hole systems with GRPIC and GRMHD simulations with the inclusion of radiate transfer will further clarify the mechanisms that drive the evolution of disk-jet systems.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings of the Eleventh Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, edited by H. Kleinert, R.T. Jantzen and R. Ruffini, World Scientific, Singapore, 200

    Fracture precursors in disordered systems

    Full text link
    A two-dimensional lattice model with bond disorder is used to investigate the fracture behaviour under stress-controlled conditions. Although the cumulative energy of precursors does not diverge at the critical point, its derivative with respect to the control parameter (reduced stress) exhibits a singular behaviour. Our results are nevertheless compatible with previous experimental findings, if one restricts the comparison to the (limited) range accessible in the experiment. A power-law avalanche distribution is also found with an exponent close to the experimental values.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Europhysics Letter

    Reliability and validity of a Dutch version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire

    Get PDF
    BACKGROUND: Chronic cough is a common condition with a significant impact on quality of life. Currently, no health status measure specific for chronic cough exists in the Netherlands. Thus we developed a Dutch version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and tested its scaling and clinical properties. METHODS: The LCQ was adapted for Dutch conditions following a forward-backward translation procedure. All patients referred to our cough clinic between May 2004 and February 2005 completed five questionnaires, the LCQ, the modified Borg score for cough, the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Global Rating of Change (GRC) upon presentation, after two weeks and after 6 months. Concurrent validation, internal consistency, repeatability and responsiveness were determined. RESULTS: For the concurrent validation the correlation coefficients (n = 152 patients) between the LCQ and the other outcome measures varied between 0.22 and 0.61. The internal consistency of the LCQ (n = 58) was high for each of the domains with a Crohnbach's alpha coefficient between 0.77 and 0.91. The two week repeatability of the LCQ in patients with no change in cough (n = 48) was high with intraclass correlation coefficients varying between 0.86 and 0.93. Patients who reported an improvement in cough (n = 140) after 6 months demonstrated significant improvement on each of the domains of the LCQ. CONCLUSION: The Dutch version of the LCQ is a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure (changes of) health status in patients with chronic cough

    Numerical study of the temperature and porosity effects on the fracture propagation in a 2D network of elastic bonds

    Get PDF
    This article reports results concerning the fracture of a 2d triangular lattice of atoms linked by springs. The lattice is submitted to controlled strain tests and the influence of both porosity and temperature on failure is investigated. The porosity is found on one hand to decrease the stiffness of the material but on the other hand it increases the deformation sustained prior to failure. Temperature is shown to control the ductility due to the presence of cavities that grow and merge. The rough surfaces resulting from the propagation of the crack exhibit self-affine properties with a roughness exponent ζ=0.59±0.07\zeta = 0.59 \pm 0.07 over a range of length scales which increases with temperature. Large cavities also have rough walls which are found to be fractal with a dimension, DD, which evolves with the distance from the crack tip. For large distances, DD is found to be close to 1.5, and close to 1.0 for cavities just before their coalescence with the main crack

    Energy spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei at high energies

    Full text link
    We present new measurements of the energy spectra of cosmic-ray (CR) nuclei from the second flight of the balloon-borne experiment Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM). The instrument included different particle detectors to provide redundant charge identification and measure the energy of CRs up to several hundred TeV. The measured individual energy spectra of C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe are presented up to 1014\sim 10^{14} eV. The spectral shape looks nearly the same for these primary elements and it can be fitted to an E2.66±0.04E^{-2.66 \pm 0.04} power law in energy. Moreover, a new measurement of the absolute intensity of nitrogen in the 100-800 GeV/nn energy range with smaller errors than previous observations, clearly indicates a hardening of the spectrum at high energy. The relative abundance of N/O at the top of the atmosphere is measured to be 0.080±0.0250.080 \pm 0.025 (stat.)±0.025 \pm 0.025 (sys.) at \sim 800 GeV/nn, in good agreement with a recent result from the first CREAM flight.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journa

    Beam test calibration of the balloon-borne imaging calorimeter for the CREAM experiment

    Full text link
    CREAM (Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass) is a multi-flight balloon mission designed to collect direct data on the elemental composition and individual energy spectra of cosmic rays. Two instrument suites have been built to be flown alternately on a yearly base. The tungsten/Sci-Fi imaging calorimeter for the second flight, scheduled for December 2005, was calibrated with electron and proton beams at CERN. A calibration procedure based on the study of the longitudinal shower profile is described and preliminary results of the beam test are presented.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To be published in the Proceedings of 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2005), Pune, India, August 3-10, 200
    corecore