Heat stress mitigation strategies for beef cattle under intensive finishing in the Mexican dry tropics

Objective: Asses mitigation strategies for heat stress of feedlot cattle in Mexican tropical weather. Approach: Beef producing cattle represents one of the main activities of the agricultural sector; therefore, in order to maintain feedlot inventories, a considerable number of cattle are displaced from geographic locations where the climatic conditions are not favorable for most of the year. High environmental temperature combined with relative humidity create heat stress conditions and consequently affect feedlot performance by compromising the physiological stability in cattle. Implications: The improvement of housing conditions to mitigate the effects of heat stress in feedlot beef cattle implies considering the living, shade, feedbunk and water trough spaces to ensure the best welfare possible for these animals during their stay in the livestock production unit. Conclusions: Heat stress mitigation strategies in feedlot beef cattle under practical conditions contribute to mitigate stress effects while improving animal welfare and performance indicators in the Mexican dry weather.Objective: Review the heat stress mitigation strategies in intensive cattle feedlots in the tropical region of México.Approach: Beef cattle production is one of the principal activities of the agricultural sector; therefore, to maintain the inventory in intensive finishing pens, a considerable number of cattle are moved to geographic areas where climatic conditions are not always favorable for most of the year. High environmental temperature combined with relative humidity create heat stress conditions andconsequently affecting the productive indicators by compromising the physiologicalstability of the cattle.Implications: The improvement of housing conditions to mitigate the effects of heat stress in beef cattle in intensive finishing involves considering living space, available shade area, feeding and watering space that assure the cattle welfare during their stay in livestock production units. Conclusions: Heat stress mitigation strategies in beef cattle during intensive finishing in practical conditions should contribute to animal welfare and them improvement of the productive indicators at the Mexican dry tropics

La agresividad como problema de conducta en educación preescolar

Licenciatura en Educació

Respuesta conductual diurna de bovinos productores de carne en finalización intensiva en el trópico seco: Conducta diurna de bovinos productores de carne

Objective: To assess the diurnal behavioral response of beef cattle in feedlot in the dry tropics. Materials and Methods: During fall, a prospective observational study was carried out for six weeks long. At 8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 h, behavioral patterns, temperature and relative humidity were recorded, and the temperature and humidity index was calculated. Cattle were housed in pens provided with polypropylene shade and pens without shade. Results: At 8:00 h, the cattle under shade and cattle without access to shade were subjected to environmental conditions of thermal comfort category (p<0.01); but at 12:00 h cattle under shade were in thermal danger and thermal alert at 16:00 h. For cattle without access to shade at 12:00 and 16:00 h, the thermal danger persisted (p<0.01). Feed access was inhibited at 8:00 and 12:00 h and increased at 16:00 h, but rumination decreased at 8:00 and 16:00 h and increased at 12:00 h (p<0.01). Rest indicators were mostly observed in danger and thermal alert (p<0.01). The agonist indicators were inhibited at 8:00 and 12:00 h (p≤0.04). Social behavior was mostly manifest at 4:00 p.m. (p<0.001). Conclusions: The diurnal expression of bovine behavior related to the climatic factor and the provision of shade, can be inhibited in the hours of highest caloric load expressed as the Temperature and Humidity Index. Key words: animal behaviour, animal welfare, warm season, animal housing, thermal stress, Bos indicus (AGROVOC Multilingual Thesaurus)Objetivo: Valorar la respuesta conductual diurna de bovinos productores de carne en finalización intensiva en el trópico seco. Materiales y Métodos: En el otoño se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo con duración de seis semanas. A las 8:00, 12:00 y 16:00 h se registraron las pautas conductuales, temperatura ambiente y humedad relativa; el índice de temperatura y humedad fue calculado. Los bovinos se alojaron en corrales provistos de sombra de polipropileno y corrales sin sombra. Resultados: A las 8:00 h todos los bovinos estuvieron sujetos a condiciones ambientales de confort térmico (p<0.01); pero a las 12:00 h los bovinos bajo sombra estuvieron en peligro térmico y a las 16:00 h en alerta térmica, y a las 12:00 y 16:00 h en los bovinos sin acceso a sombra persistió el peligro térmico (p<0.01). El acceso al comedero se inhibió a las 8:00 y 12:00 h e incrementó a las 16:00 h, pero la rumia disminuyó a las 8:00 y 16:00 y aumentó a las 12:00 h (p<0.01). Los indicadores de descanso son mayormente observados en peligro y alerta térmica (p<0.01). Los indicadores agonistas se encuentran inhibidos a las 8:00 y 12:00 h (p≤0.04). La conducta social es mayormente manifiesta a las 16:00 h (p<0.001). Conclusiones: La expresión diurna de la conducta bovina relacionada con el factor climático y la provisión de sombra, puede ser inhibida en las horas de más alta influencia calórica expresada en el índice de temperatura y humedad

Two-year Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Tocilizumab in Combination with Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Including Escalation to Weekly Dosing in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

To evaluate the longterm efficacy and safety of subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ-SC) every 2 weeks (q2w) over 2 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD). Patients (n = 656) were randomized 2:1 to TCZ-SC 162 mg q2w or placebo-SC q2w plus DMARD. After a 24-week double-blind period, patients (n = 457) were rerandomized to open-label TCZ-SC q2w by means of prefilled syringe or autoinjector. Escape therapy with weekly TCZ-SC was available for patients with inadequate efficacy from Week 12. Maintenance of response and safety to 2 years was assessed. Analyses used nonresponder imputation. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response after TCZ-SC was maintained beyond Week 24 and was > 70% at each timepoint. ACR50/70, 28-joint Disease Activity Score remission, and ≥ 0.30 decrease from baseline in the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index response rates were also maintained after Week 24 in the TCZ-SC arm (≥ 50%, > 25%,> 32% and > 56%, respectively). Following escape for inadequate efficacy, many patients achieved ACR20 at the end of the study, 35% after escape from TCZ-SC, and 63% from placebo. The rates of serious adverse events [(11.20/100 patient-years (PY)] including serious infections (3.25/100 PY) were stable through Week 96. No association between anti-TCZ antibody development and loss of efficacy or adverse events was observed. Efficacy and safety of TCZ-SC q2w was maintained up to 2 years and remained comparable with previously published data for intravenous TCZ. Dose escalation to weekly TCZ-SC was associated with ACR responses in prior nonresponders and was well tolerated

. 52 Tomo IV (1972-1973) Séptima Época (1967-1976). Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia

Publicación que recopila y difunde cien años de trabajo de la antropología en México (1877-1977), integrada por documentos y manuscritos arqueológicos, antropológicos, históricos, geológicos, botánicos y lingüísticos.- Los santuarios y peregrinaciones por Fernando Cámara Barbachano y Teófilo Reyes Couturier. - Algunas representaciones de la greca escalonada en el norte de Mesoamérica (segunda parte) por Beatriz Braniff. - La cerámica policroma de Queréndaro. (Estudio preliminar) por Augusto Molina Montes y Luis Torres Montes. - Cerámica de estilo teotihuacano en Colima por Harold W. Mc. Bride. - Pindecuaros de Santa Fe de la Laguna, Mich. por María Teresa Sepúlveda. - Monumentos y museos por Salvador Díaz-Berrio. - Variedades anatómicas en vértebras de la colección de Tlatelolco por María Teresa Jaén Esquivel. - Características de la cerámica de transición del Clásico al Posclásico en Veracruz por Jürgen Brüggemann. - Sistemas de enterramientos y notas sobre el material osteológico de La Ventilla, Teotihuacan, México por Carlos Serrano y Zaid Lagunas R. - Notas sobre la arquitectura arqueológica del centro de Chiapas por Jordi Gussinyer. - La paradoja de Weber sobre religión y economía, vista a través del concepto de necesidad en el ámbito no occidental por Jesús Ángel Ochoa Zazueta. - La determinación sexual en mandíbulas por medio de las funciones discriminantes por Zaid Lagunas R. - El grupo doméstico como estructura. Una aplicación del esquema de Nadel por Juan Jesús Arias García. - Contribución al conocimiento de los peces fósiles de Chapala y Zocoalco (Aternidos y cirpinidos) por José Álvarez del Villar. - Algunos índices cefálicos en la población juvenil del área de Cholula, Puebla por Zaid Lagunas R. - Dos artefactos de hueso en asociación con restos pleistocénicos en Los Reyes La Paz, México por Ángel García Cook. - Dos fragmentos de tejido decorado con técnica de Plangi por Alba Guadalupe Mastache de Escobar. - Chabihaú: Una comunidad campesina de pescadores por Elio Alcalá e Iván Bretón. - América: indios, indigenismo y política por Margarita Nolasco Armas. - Exploraciones en Palenque, 1970 por Jorge R. Acosta

DRAMATURGIA-Proyecto ADAE

Sitio web del proyecto de investigación "Análisis de la dramaturgia actual en español; Cuba, México, Argentina, España (ADAE1)". consultado el 25/04/2019.La finalidad del Proyecto es estudiar la dramaturgia que se escribe y representa actualmente, o sea, desde hace dos o tres décadas, en el ámbito de la lengua española.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), proyecto FFI2008-01536Peer reviewe

Genomic surveillance reveals dynamic shifts in the connectivity of COVID-19 epidemics

Summary: The maturation of genomic surveillance in the past decade has enabled tracking of the emergence and spread of epidemics at an unprecedented level. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, genomic data revealed that local epidemics varied considerably in the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 lineage importation and persistence, likely due to a combination of COVID-19 restrictions and changing connectivity. Here, we show that local COVID-19 epidemics are driven by regional transmission, including across international boundaries, but can become increasingly connected to distant locations following the relaxation of public health interventions. By integrating genomic, mobility, and epidemiological data, we find abundant transmission occurring between both adjacent and distant locations, supported by dynamic mobility patterns. We find that changing connectivity significantly influences local COVID-19 incidence. Our findings demonstrate a complex meaning of ‘local’ when investigating connected epidemics and emphasize the importance of collaborative interventions for pandemic prevention and mitigation

Environmental and societal factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic disease: an observational study

Published by Elsevier Ltd.Background: Differences in the distribution of individual-level clinical risk factors across regions do not fully explain the observed global disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to investigate the associations between environmental and societal factors and country-level variations in mortality attributed to COVID-19 among people with rheumatic disease globally. Methods: In this observational study, we derived individual-level data on adults (aged 18-99 years) with rheumatic disease and a confirmed status of their highest COVID-19 severity level from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry, collected between March 12, 2020, and Aug 27, 2021. Environmental and societal factors were obtained from publicly available sources. The primary endpoint was mortality attributed to COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent associations between environmental and societal factors and death, after controlling for individual-level risk factors. We used a series of nested mixed-effects models to establish whether environmental and societal factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death. Findings: 14 044 patients from 23 countries were included in the analyses. 10 178 (72·5%) individuals were female and 3866 (27·5%) were male, with a mean age of 54·4 years (SD 15·6). Air pollution (odds ratio 1·10 per 10 μg/m3 [95% CI 1·01-1·17]; p=0·0105), proportion of the population aged 65 years or older (1·19 per 1% increase [1·10-1·30]; p<0·0001), and population mobility (1·03 per 1% increase in number of visits to grocery and pharmacy stores [1·02-1·05]; p<0·0001 and 1·02 per 1% increase in number of visits to workplaces [1·00-1·03]; p=0·032) were independently associated with higher odds of mortality. Number of hospital beds (0·94 per 1-unit increase per 1000 people [0·88-1·00]; p=0·046), human development index (0·65 per 0·1-unit increase [0·44-0·96]; p=0·032), government response stringency (0·83 per 10-unit increase in containment index [0·74-0·93]; p=0·0018), as well as follow-up time (0·78 per month [0·69-0·88]; p<0·0001) were independently associated with lower odds of mortality. These factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death attributable to COVID-19 (intraclass correlation coefficient 1·2% [0·1-9·5]; p=0·14). Interpretation: Our findings highlight the importance of environmental and societal factors as potential explanations of the observed regional disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among people with rheumatic disease and lay foundation for a new research agenda to address these disparities.MAG is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K01 AR070585 and K24 AR074534 [JY]). KDW is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Rheumatology Research Foundation Scientist Development award. JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K23 AR069688, R03 AR075886, L30 AR066953, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577), the Rheumatology Research Foundation (K Supplement Award and R Bridge Award), the Brigham Research Institute, and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. NJP is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR-007258). AD-G is supported by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Rheumatology Research Foundation. RH was supported by the Justus-Liebig University Giessen Clinician Scientist Program in Biomedical Research to work on this registry. JY is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (K24 AR074534 and P30 AR070155).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis : Results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study

Background Odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor, reduces bone resorption while maintaining bone formation. Previous work has shown that odanacatib increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of odanacatib to reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods The Long-term Odanacatib Fracture Trial (LOFT) was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven study at 388 outpatient clinics in 40 countries. Eligible participants were women aged at least 65 years who were postmenopausal for 5 years or more, with a femoral neck or total hip bone mineral density T-score between −2·5 and −4·0 if no previous radiographic vertebral fracture, or between −1·5 and −4·0 with a previous vertebral fracture. Women with a previous hip fracture, more than one vertebral fracture, or a T-score of less than −4·0 at the total hip or femoral neck were not eligible unless they were unable or unwilling to use approved osteoporosis treatment. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either oral odanacatib (50 mg once per week) or matching placebo. Randomisation was done using an interactive voice recognition system after stratification for previous radiographic vertebral fracture, and treatment was masked to study participants, investigators and their staff, and sponsor personnel. If the study completed before 5 years of double-blind treatment, consenting participants could enrol in a double-blind extension study (LOFT Extension), continuing their original treatment assignment for up to 5 years from randomisation. Primary endpoints were incidence of vertebral fractures as assessed using radiographs collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months, yearly, and at final study visit in participants for whom evaluable radiograph images were available at baseline and at least one other timepoint, and hip and non-vertebral fractures adjudicated as being a result of osteoporosis as assessed by clinical history and radiograph. Safety was assessed in participants who received at least one dose of study drug. The adjudicated cardiovascular safety endpoints were a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and new-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter. Individual cardiovascular endpoints and death were also assessed. LOFT and LOFT Extension are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT00529373) and the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT number 2007-002693-66). Findings Between Sept 14, 2007, and Nov 17, 2009, we randomly assigned 16 071 evaluable patients to treatment: 8043 to odanacatib and 8028 to placebo. After a median follow-up of 36·5 months (IQR 34·43–40·15) 4297 women assigned to odanacatib and 3960 assigned to placebo enrolled in LOFT Extension (total median follow-up 47·6 months, IQR 35·45–60·06). In LOFT, cumulative incidence of primary outcomes for odanacatib versus placebo were: radiographic vertebral fractures 3·7% (251/6770) versus 7·8% (542/6910), hazard ratio (HR) 0·46, 95% CI 0·40–0·53; hip fractures 0·8% (65/8043) versus 1·6% (125/8028), 0·53, 0·39–0·71; non-vertebral fractures 5·1% (412/8043) versus 6·7% (541/8028), 0·77, 0·68–0·87; all p<0·0001. Combined results from LOFT plus LOFT Extension for cumulative incidence of primary outcomes for odanacatib versus placebo were: radiographic vertebral fractures 4·9% (341/6909) versus 9·6% (675/7011), HR 0·48, 95% CI 0·42–0·55; hip fractures 1·1% (86/8043) versus 2·0% (162/8028), 0·52, 0·40–0·67; non-vertebral fractures 6·4% (512/8043) versus 8·4% (675/8028), 0·74, 0·66–0·83; all p<0·0001. In LOFT, the composite cardiovascular endpoint of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 273 (3·4%) of 8043 patients in the odanacatib group versus 245 (3·1%) of 8028 in the placebo group (HR 1·12, 95% CI 0·95–1·34; p=0·18). New-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter occurred in 112 (1·4%) of 8043 patients in the odanacatib group versus 96 (1·2%) of 8028 in the placebo group (HR 1·18, 0·90–1·55; p=0·24). Odanacatib was associated with an increased risk of stroke (1·7% [136/8043] vs 1·3% [104/8028], HR 1·32, 1·02–1·70; p=0·034), but not myocardial infarction (0·7% [60/8043] vs 0·9% [74/8028], HR 0·82, 0·58–1·15; p=0·26). The HR for all-cause mortality was 1·13 (5·0% [401/8043] vs 4·4% [356/8028], 0·98–1·30; p=0·10). When data from LOFT Extension were included, the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in significantly more patients in the odanacatib group than in the placebo group (401 [5·0%] of 8043 vs 343 [4·3%] of 8028, HR 1·17, 1·02–1·36; p=0·029, as did stroke (2·3% [187/8043] vs 1·7% [137/8028], HR 1·37, 1·10–1·71; p=0·0051). Interpretation Odanacatib reduced the risk of fracture, but was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, specifically stroke, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Based on the overall balance between benefit and risk, the study's sponsor decided that they would no longer pursue development of odanacatib for treatment of osteoporosis