Task and ego goal orientations in competitive sport: a quantitative review of the literature from 1989 to 2016

Achievement goal theory (AGT) is a dominant theoretical framework. The purposes of this review were (1) to provide a summary of the task and ego goal orientations literature in competitive sport as measured by the Task and Ego Orientations in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) or the Perceptions of Success in Sport Questionnaire (POSQ), (2) to test the interdependence of the two goal orientations, and (3) to provide the estimated means for both orientations across a number of historically examined moderator variables. 260 studies met inclusion criteria totaling 80,959 unique participants across 39 countries and 32 sports. Youth samples were nearly 50% of all included studies. The meta-analyzed intercorrelations (rw=.18, z=9.96, p<.000) supported the conceptualized interdependence of the two goal orientations. The estimated mean values were 4.15+.30 (task) and 3.04+.51 (ego). However, differences, POSQ compared to TEOSQ, existed in the estimated means (g=.92 task; g=1.09 ego). Thus, the TEOSQ and POSQ samples for the moderator variables (i.e. sex, sport level, sport type, and collective/individualistic countries) were examined separately. Results both supported and refuted the hypotheses and also differed by measure. Because of TEOSQ and POSQ inconsistencies, an additional analysis was undertaken to examine whether the TEOSQ and POSQ differed to a common correlate motivation climate. This analysis revealed measurement differences in the ego to ego climate relationships. In conclusion, AGT has been extensively researched in competitive sport. The inconsistent pattern of results raises a number of future research questions

A Meta-Analytic Review of Achievement Goal Orientation Correlates in Competitive Sport: A Follow-Up to Lochbaum et al. (2016)

Recent quantitative research in competitive sport with the Task and Ego Orientations in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) pointed to a potential critical issue that the two questionnaires did not agree across a number tested hypotheses (Lochbaum, Kazak Çetinkalp, Graham, Wright, & Zazo, 2016). Thus, the present quantitative review examined whether correlates of the two achievement goal orientations were moderated by the two measures. To achieve this purpose, 772 unique correlates (489 TEOSQ, 283 POSQ; 402 task orientation, 370 ego orientation) from 93 studies spanning 1989-2016 from 32 countries with 26,387 participants were placed into 15 different categories and meta-analyzed. The task goal orientation was significantly and small to moderate in meaningfulness related to adaptive success factors (rw=.29), maladaptive success factors (rw=-.12), desirable behaviors (rw=.28), positive emotions (rw=.35), amotivation (rw=-.13), extrinsic motivation (rw=.20), external regulations (rw=.12), internal regulations (rw=.34), intrinsic motivation (rw=.47), the mastery/task climate (rw=.38), perceived competence (rw=.26), and trait selfesteem (rw=.35). The ego goal orientation was significantly and small in meaningfulness related to adaptive success factors (rw=.10), maladaptive success factors (rw=.12), negative emotions (rw=.11), undesirable behaviors (rw=.23), amotivation (rw=.16), extrinsic motivation (rw=.28), external regulation (rw=.21), intrinsic motivation (rw=.14), performance/ego climate (rw=.28), and perceived competence (rw=.17). The questionnaire measure was a significant moderator for the task goal orientation relationship with desirable behaviors (POSQ rw=.24; TEOSQ rw=.37), internal regulations (POSQ rw=.26; TEOSQ rw=.39), and trait self-esteem (POSQ rw=.45; TEOSQ rw=.32) and for the ego goal orientation relationship with performance/ego climate (POSQ rw=.34; TEOSQ rw=.24). Overall, the extent of the questionnaire type being a concern when examining correlates was fortunately minimal. Yet, differences in the two dominant measures exit. Recommendations for future research examining both the TEOSQ and POSQ were proposed

Sea level changes during the last and present interglacials in Sal Island (Cape Verde archipelago)

Last interglacial and Holocene deposits are particularly well developed in the southern parts of Sal Island (Cape Verde Archipelago). They primarily consist of low-elevation (≤2 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) marine deposits made of a basal conglomerate embedded in carbonate mud, passing upwards to calcarenites. All deposits contain an abundant fauna with corals, algae and molluscs with Strombus latus Gmelin and accompanying warm water species of the “Senegalese” fauna. Small scale geomorphological mapping with detailed morphosedimentary analysis revealed lateral facies changes and imbricate (offlapping) structures that suggest small-scale oscillations of paleo-sealevels during high sea stand intervals. U-series measurements (in coral fragments) allowed unequivocal identification of Marine Isotope Substage (MIS) 5.5 units, but were not precise enough to date the sea level oscillations of the interval. However, geomorphological data and sedimentary facies analysis suggest a double sea level highstand during the peak of the last interglacial. MIS 5.5 age deposits occur at Sal and the Canary Islands at low topographic elevations, between 1 and 2 masl. However, these values are lower than the elevations measured for the correlative terraces outcropping at the western tropical Atlantic islands, widely considered to be tectonically stable. Combining the results in this paper with earlier investigations of the “Senegalese” fauna distribution as far north as the Mediterranean basin, it is suggested that the last-interglacial oceanic temperatures in this basin, as well as the temperatures in other islands of the Eastern Atlantic and the coasts of Morocco, were warmer than modern temperatures

Two-step persulfate and Fenton oxidation of naphthenic acids in water

WILEY: "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 93 (2018): 2262-2270, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5569. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions."BACKGROUD: In the current study, two-step persulfate and Fenton oxidation has been investigated for the mineralization of naphthenic acids at 80 °C and initial pH ≈ 8. This pH evolves during the persulfate oxidation step towards the optimum for Fenton oxidation (≈ 3). The effects of persulfate and H2O2doses, iron concentration, duration of the persulfate oxidation step and operating temperature have been assessed. RESULTS: The combined treatment allowed up to ≈ 80% mineralization of cyclohexanoic acid using fairly low relative amounts of reagents (20 and 30% of the stoichiometric for persulfate and H2O2, respectively). For mineralization of cyclohexanoic acid, 115 and 87 kJ mol-1were obtained as representative values of the apparent activation energy for the persulfate and Fenton oxidation steps, respectively. The system was also successfully tested with other naphthenic acids, including cyclohexanebutyric acid, 2-naphthoic acid and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid. Treatment of the naphthenic acids tested by this system gave rise to easily biodegradable effluents consisting mainly of short-chain organic acids. The biodegradability was confirmed by the BOD5/COD ratio and respirometric tests. CONCLUSION: The results show the potential application of this approach as a promising cost-effective solution for the treatment of naphthenic acids-bearing aqueous wastes. This approach has significant advantage compared with the single thermally-activated persulfate or Fenton oxidation, since it allows a high mineralization at reduced reagent cost upon replacing part of the persulfate by less expensive H2O2.We are grateful to the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for supporting the Ph.D. program of Xiyan Xu (CSC, File No. 201308410047). Spanish MINECO is also gratefully acknowledged for the financial support through the project CTQ2013-41963-

Micromagnetic Modeling of All-Optical Switching

[EN] The control of the magnetization at the microscale by pure optical means is fundamentally interesting and promises faster speeds for data storage devices. Although several experiments have shown that it is possible to locally reverse the magnetization of a ferromagnetic system by means of laser pulses, a completely theoretical description of these All Optical Switching processes is still lacking. Here, we develop an advanced micromagnetic solver that is applied to the numerical study of the All Optical Switching. The solver is based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation that governs the dynamics of the magnetization coupled the microscopic three temperatures model, which describes the temporal evolution of the temperatures of the subsystems as caused by laser heating. The helicity-dependent magnetization switching is evaluated by a magneto-optical effective field caused by the Inverse Faraday Effect when a circularly polarized laser is applied to the sample. All the other usual terms of a full micromagnetic model are included (exchange, anisotropy, DMI…). As a test, the model is used to describe the local magnetization switching of thin film samples with high perpendicular anisotropy. The results are in good agreement with available experimental observations.MAT2014- 52477-C5-4-P, MAT2017-87072-C4-1-P, and MAT2017-90771-REDT from the Spanish government SA090U16 and SA299P18 from the Junta de Castilla y Leon

dReDBox: Materializing a full-stack rack-scale system prototype of a next-generation disaggregated datacenter

Current datacenters are based on server machines, whose mainboard and hardware components form the baseline, monolithic building block that the rest of the system software, middleware and application stack are built upon. This leads to the following limitations: (a) resource proportionality of a multi-tray system is bounded by the basic building block (mainboard), (b) resource allocation to processes or virtual machines (VMs) is bounded by the available resources within the boundary of the mainboard, leading to spare resource fragmentation and inefficiencies, and (c) upgrades must be applied to each and every server even when only a specific component needs to be upgraded. The dRedBox project (Disaggregated Recursive Datacentre-in-a-Box) addresses the above limitations, and proposes the next generation, low-power, across form-factor datacenters, departing from the paradigm of the mainboard-as-a-unit and enabling the creation of function-block-as-a-unit. Hardware-level disaggregation and software-defined wiring of resources is supported by a full-fledged Type-1 hypervisor that can execute commodity virtual machines, which communicate over a low-latency and high-throughput software-defined optical network. To evaluate its novel approach, dRedBox will demonstrate application execution in the domains of network functions virtualization, infrastructure analytics, and real-time video surveillance.This work has been supported in part by EU H2020 ICTproject dRedBox, contract #687632.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Optimization of Disperse Blue 3 mineralization by UV-LED/FeTiO3 activated persulfate using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) was successfully applied for the optimization of the UV-LED/FeTiO3 activated persulfate (PS) process. Disperse Blue 3 (DB3) azo dye oxidation was carried out in a quartz jacketed stirred batch reactor using 405 nm UV at 10 W/m−2 as radiation source. The effects of temperature, catalyst concentration and persulfate dose upon the total organic carbon (TOC) removal were investigated. Optimum operating conditions were found to be: ilmenite: 320 mg/L−1, PS: 1.56 g/L−1 and 67°C. Under these conditions, 96% mineralization was achieved. Ecotoxicity of the final effluent was evaluated using Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria, finding a negligible toxicity.Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid and MINECO have supported this work through projects S2013/MAE-2716 and CTM2016-76454-R, respectively. Jefferson E. Silveira and Wendel S. Paz gratefully acknowledge the support from CAPES: Science Without Borders Program, Ministry of Education Brazil, under grants BEX-1046/13-6 and BEX-9476/13-0 respectively

Application of intensified Fenton oxidation to the treatment of hospital wastewater: Kinetics, ecotoxicity and disinfection

Fenton oxidation has proved to be effective for the treatment of a real hospital wastewater. The intensification of the process viz. the improvement on the efficiency of H2O2consumption, by increasing the temperature, is necessary to operate in a single step and avoid high reaction times and the need of large H2O2 and iron concentrations. This approach would allow taking advantage of the heat energy contained in the laundry stream since the washing process is performed at high temperature to assure disinfectionof the hospital textiles. In this work, temperatures within the range of 50-90 °C have been tested, which allowed an effective oxidation of the real wastewater ([COD]0 = 365 mg L-1, [Phenols]0 = 8.4 mg L-1, [total coliforms]0 = 4.16 × 106 MPN/100 mL, 5 toxicity units) with the stoichiometric amount of H2O2 (1000 mg L-1) and a relatively low iron concentration (25 mg L-1 Fe3+). Operating at 90 °C, complete disappearance of phenolic compounds and 70% and 50% reduction of COD and TOC were achieved in 1 h reaction time. Time evolution of those global parameters were appropriately fitted to pseudo-first and second order kinetic equations, providing a useful approach for design purposes. The main by-products were short-chain organic acids (oxalic and formic), being the final effluents non-toxic. Disinfection of the hospital wastewater was also achieved at all the operating temperatures tested, as confirmed by the absence of coliformsThis research has been supported by the CM through the project S2013/MAE-2716 and by the Spanish MINECO through the project CTQ2013-41963-R. M. Munoz thanks the Spanish MINECO for a Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación postdoctoral contract (IJCI-2014-19427

Guiding signs in metabolic disease diagnosis

Los errores innatos del metabolismo son un grupo de enfermedades genéticas con sintomatología muy inespecífica y por tanto difícil diagnóstico si no existe una sospecha clínica elevada. Sin embargo existen algunos datos de la exploración física y de las pruebas complementarias que pueden enfocar el proceso diagnóstico hacia la solicitud de pruebas específicas que lo confirmen. El caso que presentamos trata de destacar algunos de estos datos que pueden hacer sospechar la existencia de un defecto congénito de la glucosilación de proteínas, trastorno infrecuente pero con algunas formas tratables, por lo que su sospecha y diagnóstico precoz es de vital importanciaInborn errors of metabolism are a group of genetic diseases with non specific symptoms and therefore difficult to diagnose without high clinical suspicion. However there are some physical examination data and laboratory tests that can focus the diagnostic process to the implementation of specific tests to confirm them. The case exposed highlights some of these data that can make us suspect the existence of a congenital defect of glycosylation of proteins, rare disorder but with some treatable variations, that make their suspicion and early diagnosis of great importanc

HF spectrum activity prediction model based on HMM for cognitive radio applications

Although most of the research on Cognitive Radio is focused on communication bands above the HF upper limit (30 MHz), Cognitive Radio principles can also be applied to HF communications to make use of the extremely scarce spectrum more efficiently. In this work we consider legacy users as primary users since these users transmit without resorting to any smart procedure, and our stations using the HFDVL (HF Data+Voice Link) architecture as secondary users. Our goal is to enhance an efficient use of the HF band by detecting the presence of uncoordinated primary users and avoiding collisions with them while transmitting in different HF channels using our broad-band HF transceiver. A model of the primary user activity dynamics in the HF band is developed in this work to make short-term predictions of the sojourn time of a primary user in the band and avoid collisions. It is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM) which are a powerful tool for modelling stochastic random processes and are trained with real measurements of the 14 MHz band. By using the proposed HMM based model, the prediction model achieves an average 10.3% prediction error rate with one minute-long channel knowledge but it can be reduced when this knowledge is extended: with the previous 8 min knowledge, an average 5.8% prediction error rate is achieved. These results suggest that the resulting activity model for the HF band could actually be used to predict primary users activity and included in a future HF cognitive radio based station