Experimental comparison of autodyne and heterodyne laser interferometry using a Nd:YVO4 microchip laser

Using a Nd:YVO4 microchip laser with a relaxation frequency in the megahertz range, we have experimentally compared a heterodyne interferometer based on a Michelson configuration with an autodyne interferometer based on the laser optical feedback imaging (LOFI) method regarding their signal to noise ratios. In the heterodyne configuration, the beating between the reference beam and the signal beam is realized outside the laser cavity while in the autodyne configuration, the wave beating takes place inside the laser cavity and the relaxation oscillations of the laser intensity then play an important part. For a given laser output power, object under investigation and detection noise level, we have determined the amplification gain of the LOFI interferometer compared to the heterodyne interferometer. LOFI interferometry is demonstrated to show higher performances than heterodyne interferometry for a wide range of laser power and detection level of noise. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions

Physical education and precarisation: an analysis of educational work from the 1990s

This research is about the precarization of work of the Physical Education (PE) teacher in the context of changing world of work in contemporary capitalist society. Therefore, we initiated the study making an argument about the ontological dimension of work and in which way this it is hegemonically organized in capitalist society. We have pointed out that the work has changed its morphology in recent decades but still occupies a central place among the events of the life in society. We have indicated historical relations between work and education, as well as major changes in educational politics that happened in the 1990s in Brazil. We conclude that these reforms emphasize features such as marketing productivity and competitiveness and were influenced by international organizations that represent the capitalists interests. We present elements of the constitution of the teaching profession and professional training in PE. We analyze the proletarianization process of the teacher and concluded that the teacher's work is in frank precarization. We performed interviews with five PE teachers from public schools to collect data from the concrete reality of these workers in front of context of changes in the working world. We analyze the empirical data seeking the idea of totality, and we have concluded that the PE teachers have difficulty in understand the general changes in the working world. Furthermore, they are socially devalued, are facing precarious material working conditions and several challenges in their pursuit for qualification. We conclude finally that the precarious conditions in that the teaching work develops in capitalist society is result of artificial limits imposed by the bourgeoisie and we pointed the need of collective organization of teachers as a form of defending the interests of the public education and to seek better working conditions .Essa pesquisa trata sobre a precarização do trabalho do professor de Educação Física (EF) na conjuntura de mudanças no mundo do trabalho na sociedade capitalista contemporânea. Para tanto, iniciamos o estudo fazendo uma discussão sobre a dimensão ontológica do trabalho e sobre de que forma este é organizado hegemonicamente na sociedade capitalista. Apontamos que o trabalho sofreu mudanças em sua morfologia ocorridas nas ultimas décadas mas ainda ocupa um lugar central dentre os eventos da vida em sociedade. Vimos também relações históricas entre trabalho e educação, bem como as principais mudanças nas políticas educacionais que aconteceram na década de 1990 no Brasil. Concluímos que estas reformas privilegiam características mercadológicas como produtividade e competitividade e foram influenciadas por organismos internacionais que representam os interesses apitalistas. Apresentamos elementos sobre a constituição da profissão docente e da formação profissional em EF. Analisamos o processo de proletarização docente e concluímos que o trabalho do professor se encontra em franca precarização. Realizamos entrevistas com cinco professores de EF da rede pública de ensino para obter dados da realidade concreta destes trabalhadores diante do contexto de mudanças no mundo do trabalho. Analisamos os dados empíricos buscando a ideia de totalidade, e concluímos que os professores de EF tem dificuldade em entender as mudanças mais gerais no mundo do trabalho. Além disso, são socialmente desvalorizados, enfrentam condições materiais de trabalho precárias e encontram diversos desafios na busca pela qualificação. Concluímos por fim que as condições precárias em que se desenvolve o trabalho docente na sociedade capitalista são fruto de limites artificiais impostos pela burguesia e apontamos a necessidade de organização coletiva dos professores como forma de defender os interesses públicos da educação e de buscar melhores condições de trabalho

CARTOGRAFANDO PROJETOS SOCIAIS DE ESPORTES

O presente trabalho trata de estudos relacionados a projetos sociais de esportes em funcionamento na cidade do Rio Grande-RS nos anos de 2009 e 2010, como parte de uma pesquisa do Núcleo FURG da Rede CEDES e como resultado de trabalho de conclusão de curso. Tais estudos têm como objetivos: identificar, mapear, analisar e relacionar os projetos sociais de esporte em funcionamento nesta cidade, buscando as implicações entre intencionalidades, discursos de práticas transformadoras nas relações construídas entre os mesmos.El presente trabajo trata de estudios relacionados a proyectos sociales de deportes en actuación en la ciudad de Rio Grande – RS en los anos de 2009 y 2010, como parte de una pesquisa del Núcleo FURG de la Rede CEDES y como resultado del trabajo de conclusión de curso. Tales estudios posee como objetivos: identificar, mapear, analisar y relacionar los proyectos sociales de deporte en acción en esa ciudad, buscando las implicaciones entre las intencionalidades, discursos de prácticas transformadoras en las relaciones construidas entre los mismos.The present work deals with the studies related to sport social projects performing in the city of Rio Grande – RS between the yers 2009 and 2010, as a part of a research of the Núcleo FURG of Rede CEDES and as a result of a conclusion work of the course. Such studies have as objectives: identify, map, analyse and relate the sport social projects performing in this city, aiming the inplications between intentionalities, discourses of transformative practices in the relationships built between them

Integrating Permanent Supportive Housing and Co-Occurring Disorders Treatment for Individuals Who Are Homeless

OBJECTIVES: While permanent housing, addictions, and mental health treatment are often critical needs to achieve housing stability and community reintegration, few studies have systematically integrated them into a single comprehensive approach for people experiencing chronic homelessness. This pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of systematically integrating permanent supportive housing and an evidence-based co-occurring disorders intervention called Maintaining Independence and Sobriety Through Systems Integration, Outreach, and Networking (MISSION). METHODS: This single-group open pilot enrolled 107 people with co-occurring disorders experiencing chronic homelessness from two Massachusetts inner-city and rural areas. Enrolled subjects were interested in receiving permanent supportive housing along with 1 year of MISSION services. Data were collected through baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments. RESULTS: Participants (Mage = 49.52 years, SD = 10.61) were mostly male (76.6%), Caucasian (52.3%), and unemployed (86.0%), with an average of 8.34 years (SD = 8.01) of homelessness. Self-reported lifetime problems with anxiety (75.7%) and depression (76.6%) were common, as was use of alcohol (30.8%), cannabis (31.8%), and cocaine (15.9%). Almost all participants (95.3%) were placed into permanent housing, which took on average 42.6 days from enrollment (SD = 50.09). Among those placed, nearly 80% of the clients were able to retain housing through the end of the study. Overall retention was high, with 86.0% remaining in MISSION treatment until the end of the study. While there were no significant changes in rehospitalization, service utilization, or substance use, there were modest significant mental health symptom improvements from baseline to program completion. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that co-occurring disorder interventions like MISSION are feasible to integrate with permanent supportive housing despite the somewhat differing philosophies, and preliminary data suggested substantial improvements in housing and modest improvements in mental health symptoms. While caution is warranted given the lack of a comparison group, these findings are consistent with other rigorous studies using MISSION among homeless individuals who did not receive permanent supportive housing