Robust Stackelberg Equilibria in Extensive-Form Games and Extension to Limited Lookahead

Stackelberg equilibria have become increasingly important as a solution concept in computational game theory, largely inspired by practical problems such as security settings. In practice, however, there is typically uncertainty regarding the model about the opponent. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first to investigate Stackelberg equilibria under uncertainty in extensive-form games, one of the broadest classes of game. We introduce robust Stackelberg equilibria, where the uncertainty is about the opponent's payoffs, as well as ones where the opponent has limited lookahead and the uncertainty is about the opponent's node evaluation function. We develop a new mixed-integer program for the deterministic limited-lookahead setting. We then extend the program to the robust setting for Stackelberg equilibrium under unlimited and under limited lookahead by the opponent. We show that for the specific case of interval uncertainty about the opponent's payoffs (or about the opponent's node evaluations in the case of limited lookahead), robust Stackelberg equilibria can be computed with a mixed-integer program that is of the same asymptotic size as that for the deterministic setting.Comment: Published at AAAI1

Di-μ-acetato-κ4 O:O-bis­{(acetato-κ2 O,O′)bis­[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-κN 3)-1-phenyl­propan-1-one]cadmium} tetra­hydrate

In the mol­ecular structure of the title neutral binuclear complex, [Cd2(C2H3O2)4(C12H12N2O)4]·4H2O, each CdII atom is six-coordinated and exhibits a distorted octa­hedral geometry. Three O atoms from two acetate ions and one monodentate 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-κN 3)-1-phenyl­propan-1-one (L) ligand form the equatorial plane, while the bridging-O atom forming the longer Cd—O distance,and the N atom of the second L ligand, forming the longer Cd—N distance, occupy axial positions with an N—Cd—O angle of 170.77 (7)°. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds exist between the lattice water mol­ecules and the acetate ions of adjacent mol­ecules, resulting in a two-dimensional supra­molecular structure

Bis(nitrato-κO)tetra­kis­[1-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-one]copper(II)

In the title complex, [Cu(NO3)2(C11H11N3O)4], the CuII atom is situated on a centre of inversion and is coordinated by two O atoms from two nitrate anions and four N atoms from four monodentate 1-phenyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-one ligands in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds result in a supra­molecular layer parallel to (101). These layers are connected by π–π inter­actions between the benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.891 (2) Å]

Selective and highly efficient dye scavenging by a pH-responsive molecular hydrogelator

A structurally simple low molecular weight hydrogelator derived from isophthalic acid forms robust pH-responsive hydrogels capable of highly efficient and selective dye adsorption

catena-Poly[[[aqua­bis­(4,4′-bipyridine-κN)zinc]-μ-l-tyrosinato-κ3 N,O 1:O 1′] nitrate dihydrate]

In the title compound, {[Zn(C9H10NO3)(C10H8N2)2(H2O)]NO3·2H2O}n, the ZnII atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral geometry by two carboxyl­ate O atoms and one amino N atom from two l-tyrosinate ligands, two N atoms from two 4,4′-bipyridine ligands, and one water mol­ecule. Adjacent Zn atoms are bridged by the bidentate carboxyl­ate groups into a cationic chain extending along [010]. N—H⋯N, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cationic chains, nitrate anions and uncoordinated water mol­ecules into a supra­molecular network. π–π inter­actions between the pyridine rings and between the pyridine and benzene rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.615 (4) and 3.636 (4) Å] are present

Hexafluorophosphate salts of cyclopentadienyliron(II) complexes of dibenzodioxin and 1-methyldibenzodioxin

Publisher's version/PDFThe structures of ([eta superscript 5]-cyclopentadienyl)[(1,2,3,4,4a,10a-[eta superscript 6])-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin]iron(II) hexafluorophosphate (1), [Fe(C[subscript 5]H[subscript 5])(C[subscript 12]H[subscript 8]O[subscript 2])]PF[subscript 6], and ([eta superscript 5]-cyclopentadienyl)[(1,2,3,4,4a,10a-[eta superscript 6])-1-methyldibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin]iron(II) hexafluorophosphate Et[subscript 2]O solvate (2), [Fe(C[subscript 5]H[subscript 5])(C[subscript 13]H[subscript 10]O[subscript 2])]PF[subscript 6].0.5C[subscript 4]H[subscript 10]O, were detd. The dihedral angle between the outer rings of dibenzodioxin is 175.8(2) in (1) and 177.55(19)° in (2). The planes of the coordinated arene and cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings are nearly parallel for both complexes. The Fe atom is centered above the Cp ring while Fe-C distances involving the quaternary C atoms of the coordinated arene rings are slightly longer than those involving the other aromatic C atoms, particularly for complex (2). In the central dioxin ring of both complexes, O-C bonds of the coordinated ring are shorter than those of the uncoordinated ring

Improving Biopharmaceutical Properties of Vinpocetine Through Cocrystallization

Vinpocetine is a poorly water soluble weakly basic drug (pKa \ubc 7.1) used for the treatment of several cerebrovascular and cognitive disorders. Because existing formulations exhibit poor bioavailability and scarce absorption, a dosage form with improved pharmacokinetic properties is highly desirable. Cocrystallization represents a promising approach to generate diverse novel crystal forms and to improve the aqueous solubility and in turn the oral bioavailability. In this article, a novel ionic cocrystal of vinpocetine is described, using boric acid as a coformer, and fully characterized (by means of differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, powder and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, and powder dissolution test). Pharmacokinetic performance was also tested in a human pilot study. This pharmaceutical ionic cocrystal exhibits superior solubilization kinetics and modulates important pharmacokinetic values such as maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (tmax), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of the poorly soluble vinpocetine and it therefore offers an innovative approach to improve its bioavailability

catena-Poly[[bis­(N,N′-dimethyl­formamide)cadmium(II)]-μ2-oxalato]

The title compound, [Cd(C2O4)(C3H7NO)2]n, is isostructural with its MnII analogue. The structure comprises zigzag polymeric chains with the oxalate groups situated on inversion centres and the CdII atoms located on twofold rotation axes. The coordination geometry around CdII is distorted octa­hedral and the intra­chain Cd⋯Cd distance is 5.842 (1) Å. C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds exist between the parallel polymeric chains

Pengaruh Sosialisasi Perpajakan, Pengetahuan Perpajakan, dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dengan Kesadaran Wajib Pajak sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Pekanbaru Senapelan)

The purpose of this research are to analyze the influence of taxpayer socialization, taxpayer knowledge, and quality of service to taxpayer compliance, directly or indirectly, by usingtaxpayer awareness as an intervening variable.The sample of this research from of 100 correspondences who are as taxpayers listed in KPP Pratama Pekanbaru Senapelan.The method of sampling using convenience sampling. The data were analysed using the path analysis with SPSS version 19.0. The results of the research showed that the tax socialization did have effect to the tax awareness. Secondly, the tax knowledge did have effect to the tax awareness. Third, quality of service did have effect to the tax awareness.Fourth, the tax socialization did have effect tothe tax compliance. Fifth, the tax knowledge did have effect tothe tax compliance. Sixth, quality of service did have noteffect tothe tax compliance. Seventh, the tax awareness did have effect tothe tax compliance. Eighth, the tax awareness incapable as an intervening variable tax socialization to tax compliance. Ninth, the tax awareness incapable as an intervening variable tax knowledge to tax compliance. Tenth, the tax awareness able as an intervening variable quality of service to tax compliance