La evolución de la empleabilidad de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo español

This paper focuses on the evolution of female employability in Spanish labour market, as well as, the different determinants that affect women upon deciding to keep working or not. In order to do this, a descriptive study about the subject is carried out and articles with similar objectives are revised, concluding that the situation of women in labour market has improved. However, women’s wages, in general terms, are still lower than men’s and, furthermore a lot of women occupy part-time jobs, due to the fact that they are the ones who are in charge of unpaid tasks. Secondly, the econometric model that best explains the long-term relationships between the studied variables is put forward and estimated, by means on ordinary least squares (OSL): number of children, women who have part-time jobs and who have achieved higher studies and the dependent variable, number of employed women, between the years 1987 and 2015. For this, the problems of non-stationarity of the variables are studied and a cointegration relation is proposed. Last of all, it gets a non-spurious model, with a good fit and no autocorrelation, finding that the average number of children per woman affects positively the dependent variable and the other two explicative variables behave on a different way as they are affected by the dummy variable introduced by structural change.En el presente trabajo se estudia la evolución de la participación laboral femenina en España y los distintos determinantes que afectan a las mujeres a la hora de decidir participar en el mercado de trabajo. Así pues, en primer lugar, se realiza un estudio descriptivo sobre el tema y se revisan distintos artículos con objetivos similares, concluyendo que la situación de las mujeres en el mercado de trabajo ha mejorado. Sin embargo, el salario femenino, en términos generales, sigue siendo inferior al de los hombres y, además, muchas mujeres ocupan puestos de trabajo a tiempo parcial ya que, en su mayoría, son ellas, las que se ocupan de las tareas no remuneradas. En segundo lugar, se propone y se estima, mediante mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO), el modelo econométrico que mejor explica la relación a largo plazo entre las variables explicativas -número medio de hijos, mujeres que trabajan a tiempo parcial y mujeres que han alcanzado estudios superiores- sobre la variable dependiente, número de mujeres ocupadas, entre los años 1987 y 2015. Para ello, se estudian los problemas de no estacionariedad de las variables y se propone una relación de cointegración. Por último, se obtiene un modelo en el que se analiza el efecto que provocan las variables explicativas sobre la dependiente, obteniendo distintos resultados según se vean afectadas por la variable ficticia introducida por un cambio estructural

Quality of Later Life in Europe: An Econometric Analysis

Producción CientíficaThe aim of this chapter is to explore the determinants of the quality of life of people aged 60 and over in 26 European countries from a double perspective: individual and spatial. We draw on the latest data available from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (7th wave). To achieve our purpose, a synthetic indicator of quality of life is first obtained, as an alternative to the CASP12 scale that provides said survey. Several econometric models are then estimated to analyse the most decisive factors in explaining the quality of life in older European adults. In 17 of the 26 countries, ceteris paribus, older citizens have a quality of life that is clearly worse than that of the nine countries that make up the Nordic and continental groups. The results of the econometric models bear out the deep-rooted differences between countries vis-à-vis the quality of life of our elderly peopleDepartamento de Fundamentos de Análisis EconómicoJunta de Castilla y León (project VA112G19

The Importance of the Neighbourhood Environment and Social Capital for Happiness in a Vulnerable District: The Case of the Pajarillos District in Spain

Producción CientíficaThe characteristics of neighbourhoods, their physical and social environment, have been shown to have profound effects on the individual well-being and happiness of their residents. In an effort to help design policies and action plans that enhance well-being in the district, our study seeks to understand how happiness levels among residents in a low-income neighbourhood in Spain are linked to their socio-demographic traits, individual health, relationships with the area, and community, as well as with the physical environment of the neighbourhood. The study is part of a project called "Educa-Pajarillos Sostenible". The project aims to improve the quality of life of the area’s citizens by carrying out a series of actions. One of these actions is an eco-social map of happiness, which involves designing and applying a survey and which serves as a source of analysis for our research. An Ordered Choice Logit econometric model was applied to measure the effect of the happiness of demographic, neighbourhood environment, social capital, and socio-demographic characteristics. Results confirm the importance of variables related to the neighbourhood’s social capital and physical environment as key elements in local residents’ happiness. The findings also indicate that traditional indicators used to measure well-being, such as education or difficulty making ends meet, are not significant.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Handbook of Active Ageing and Quality of Life: From Concepts to Applications

La edición de este libro estuvo a cargo de Fermina Rojo-Pérez y Gloria Fernández-Mayoralas.El documento adjunto contiene la cubierta, portada e índice del libro.This handbook presents an overview of studies on the relationship of active ageing and quality of life. It addresses the new challenges of ageing from the paradigm of positive ageing (active, healthy and successful) for a better quality of life. It provides theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, including scientific knowledge as well as practical experiences about the good ageing and the quality of later life around the world, in order to respond to the challenges of an aged population. The handbook is structured in 4 sections covering theoretical and conceptual perspectives, social policy issues and research agenda, methods, measurement instrument-scales and evaluations, and lastly application studies including domains and geographical contexts.Peer reviewe

El criterio de discriminación en la selección de indicadores de bienestar: análisis del coeficiente de discriminación de IVANOVIC

Este trabajo analiza el "coeficiente de discriminación de Ivanovic", relacionándolo con otras medidas estadísticas de uso habitual. El coeficiente de discriminación es una medida del poder discriminante de una variable. Y puede ser útil, junto a otras medidas, para seleccionar indicadores de bienestar o de desarrollo, dado que un buen indicador de desarrollo debe ser discriminante en el conjunto de situaciones (países, etc.) Observadas. Relacionamos CD con medidas estadísticas de dispersión y de concentración conocidas. Y realizamos una aplicación al caso español

Estimacion de la pobreza en las comunidadesa utónomas españolas, mediante la distancia DP2

This work is framed in the investigations that analyze the poverty from a multidimensional perspective and try to come near to their measurement by incorporating not only economic aspects. The aim of the paper is to carry out an application for the Spanish autonomous regions. In order to do that, a vector of variables containing information on income, health, education, employment, housing, etc., is elaborated. Later, a synthetic indicator of poverty, also named indicator of privation, is obtained by means of the statistical methodology based on P2- Distance (DP2). Finally, the global situation, the position of the different autonomous regions, and the importance of each variable in the synthetic indicator of poverty, are analyzed.Este trabajo se enmarca en las investigaciones que analizan la pobreza desde una perspectiva multidimensional e intentan aproximarse a su medición incorporando aspectos no exclusivamente económicos. El objetivo es llevar a cabo una aplicación para las comunidades autónomas españolas. Para ello, se elabora un vector de variables que contienen información sobre ingresos, salud, educación, empleo, vivienda, etc. Posteriormente se obtiene un indicador sintético de pobreza, o indicador de privación, mediante la metodología estadística basada en la distancia de Pena (DP2). Finalmente, se analiza la situación global, la posición de las distintas comunidades autónomas, y la importancia de cada variable en el indicador sintético de pobrez

Aproximacion a la medicion del bienestar social Estudio de la idoneidad del indicador sintetico "Distancia-P2"

Available from Centro de Informacion y Documentacion Cientifica CINDOC. Joaquin Costa, 22. 28002 Madrid. SPAIN / CINDOC - Centro de Informaciòn y Documentaciòn CientìficaSIGLEESSpai

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Departamento de Economía Aplicad

Comparative productivity analysis between labour-managed firms and conventional capitalist companies in Spain

Las cooperativas de trabajadores han sido comparadas con sus homólogas capitalistas en diferentes contextos y aplicando diferentes metodologías. En España, el estudio de las cooperativas industriales de Mondragón ha generado una literatura extensa; sin embargo, los trabajos empíricos que comparan las dos formas organizacionales son escasos. Esta investigación representa un aporte empírico para el caso de la industria manufacturera española y se demuestra que la productividad de la forma cooperativa es menor que la productividad de las empresas capitalistas. Para obtener este resultado se estimó una función de producción Cobb-Douglas mediante el método de momentos generalizados. El modelo econométrico incluye una variable ficticia que recoge el efecto que la forma organizacional de trabajo asociado tiene sobre la productividad del [email protected]@eaee.uva.essemestralThe comparative analysis of productivity of the cooperative and capitalist forms of organization has been performed in different countries using various methodologies. In Spain, the Mondragon industrial cooperatives have been studied in depth; however, empirical research comparing the two forms of organization is scarce. This paper represents an empirical contribution using a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms and demonstrates that the productivity of worker-owned firms (including cooperatives and sociedades laborales) is smaller than the productivity of capitalist firms. These findings are based on the estimation, by means generalized method of moments, of a Cobb-Douglas production function. The econometric model includes a dummy variable for measuring the effect of worker-owned form of organization on labor-productivity