HUBUNGAN ANTARA DYADIC STRESS DENGAN KEPUASAN PERNIKAHAN PADA REMAJA PUTRI YANG MENIKAH DI ACEH SELATAN

ABSTRAKPernikahan tidak hanya terjadi pada usia dewasa, namun pernikahan pada usia remaja juga masih terjadi termasuk di Aceh Selatan. Pernikahan pada usia remaja dapat melemahkan kepuasan pernikahan. Salah satu hal yang dapat menyebabkan terjadi redahnya kepuasan pernikahan adalah stres yang dialami individu didalam pernikahannya (dyadic stress). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan antara dyadic stress dengan kepuasan pernikahan pada remaja putri yang menikah di Aceh Selatan. Data dikumpulkan melalui Multidimensional Stress Questionnaire for Couples (MDS-Q) dan ENRICH (Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness) Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale melalui teknik purposive sampling. Sebanyak 60 remaja putri terlibat dalam penelitian ini (x ?=19.75). Analisis data menggunakan teknik korelasi Spearman menunjukkan nilai r= -0.777, p= 0.000 (p < 0.05), sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif dan signifikan antara dyadic stress dengan kepuasan pernikahan pada remaja putri yang menikah di Aceh Selatan. Hal ini mengindikasikan semakin tinggi dyadic stress maka semakin rendah kepuasan pernikahan, demikian juga sebaliknya. Kata kunci : Dyadic Stres, Kepuasan Pernikahan, Remaja Putri, Menikah

Barreiras e Dilemas éticos

Introdução: Cuidar de crianças em fim de vida pressupõe dificuldades inimagináveis. Torna-se imperativo tomar uma decisão, idealmente, partilhada entre os pais e profissionais de saúde e centrada na família de forma a encontrar a melhor conduta possível. A hidratação artificial é considerada um tratamento médico que poderá ser descontinuado nestes momentos. No entanto, existem múltiplos fatores e barreiras que influenciam qualquer escolha. Algumas serão abordadas nesta revisão sistemática. Objetivo: Analisar as barreiras e dilemas éticos na toma de decisão sobre não iniciar/retirar hidratação artificial na idade pediátrica e estudar a influência nos pais e profissionais de saúde envolvidos. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura com síntese narrativa com pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS e Science Direct de modo a encontrar artigos que respondessem à pergunta investigadora. Esta pesquisa abrangeu todos artigos publicados entre 1973 e 2021. Todos os títulos e abstracts encontrados foram sistematicamente avaliados. Nesta pesquisa foram incluídos artigos com dados originais escritos em inglês, português ou espanhol. Os estudos considerados pertinentes foram lidos na íntegra e posteriormente confrontados com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Para cada artigo foi realizado um formulário para extração de dados. Foram utilizados os critérios de Hawker et al para avaliar a qualidade dos artigos incluídos. Como outcome foram consideradas as barreiras à toma de decisão sobre hidratação artificial em idade pediátrica. Para a discussão foram incluídos artigos variados para complementar os achados. Resultados: Foram encontrados 12 estudos que cumpriam todos os critérios de inclusão. Existe uma heterogeneidade quanto às datas de publicação dos estudos, bem como a origem qualitativa e quantitativa dos mesmos. A maioria dos artigos provém dos EUA. A partir da análise dos artigos foram expostos 13 temas/barreiras: toma de decisão, comunicação, diferentes práticas em diferentes hospitais, qualidade de vida, futilidade, incerteza no prognóstico, características dos profissionais de saúde, características dos pais, características das crianças, autoridade e direito parental, princípio de melhor interesse para a criança, hidratação artificial: terapêutica ou conforto e aspetos legais. Discussão: É importante interligar todas as barreiras que vão surgindo quando se tomam decisões de fim de vida. A hidratação artificial é um tratamento médico que deve ser sempre oferecido quando há claro benefício e ponderar não iniciar/retirar quando tal não se verifica. Contudo, a hidratação artificial traz consigo um valor sentimental, emocional e simbólico. Neste estudo aborda-se a idade pediátrica na qual uma decisão se torna ainda mais complexa. Os pais responsáveis por tomar uma decisão podem sentir que falharam em fornecer um bem essencial ou, por outro lado, podem não desejar de continuar a ver o seu filho sofrer e optar por retirar este tratamento de suporte. No entanto, para além dos pais, também os profissionais de saúde têm valores e crenças que muitas vezes condicionam a sua prática clínica e geram conflitos. Conclui-se que é extremamente necessário criar uma ligação de confiança forte através da comunicação, educar e estudar minuciosamente cada caso individual tendo como pilar o princípio de melhor interesse para a criança. Ademais, fatores como incerteza no prognóstico, qualidade de vida e futilidade médica complicam ainda mais este processo. Conclusão: Inevitavelmente surgem conflitos na prática clínica, principalmente quando se trata de um tema tão complexo numa idade tão frágil. Melhorar o reconhecimento de tais barreiras e trabalhar em equipa é fundamental numa tentativa de prestar os melhores cuidados e conforto a uma criança e ajudar no processo de luto dos seus pais.Introduction: Taking care of children in the end of their lives foresees unimaginable difficulties. It becomes imperative to make a decision, ideally, a shared decision between parents and healthcare professionals in order to find the best one. Nowadays, artificial hydration is considered a medical treatment that can be withheld/withdrawn in end-of-life situations. However, there are many factors and barriers that may influence any choice. Some of these will be addressed in this systematic review. Aim: To analyze barriers and ethical dilemmas in decision-making about withholding/withdrawing artificial hydration at pediatric age as well as studying the influence in parents and healthcare professionals. Methods: A systematic review and narrative synthesis was carried through research in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS e Science Direct databases to find articles that answer the research question. This research covered all articles published between 1973 and 2021. All tittles and the correspondent abstracts were systematically evaluated. In this research were included original peer reviewed articles in english, portuguese and spanish. Studies considered relevant were completely read and confronted with the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A formulary for data extraction was created for each article. Hawker et al criteria were used to assess the quality of the studies. The evaluated outcome were the decisionmaking barriers about artificial hydration at pediatric age. For the discussion, several other articles were included to complement the findings. Results: There were found 12 articles that match all the inclusion/exclusion criteria. There is a several heterogeneities in terms of studies publication dates as well as their qualitative/quantitative origin. Most of the articles are from the USA. From the analysis of the articles were found 13 themes/barriers: decision-making, communication, different practices in different centers, quality of life, futility, prognostic uncertainty, healthcare professionals, parents, children, parental rights and authority, best interest principle, artificial hydration: therapy or comfort and legal aspects. Discussion: It is important to interconnect all the barriers that arise when making an end-of-life decision. Artificial hydration is a medical treatment that must always be offered when there is clear benefit. When that is not the case, withholding/withdrawing artificial hydration should be considered. Nevertheless, artificial hydration brings with itself a sentimental, emotional and symbolic value. This study addresses the pediatric age where this type of decision becomes even more complex. The parents, who are responsible for the decision-making, may feel like they have failed to provide their child an essential good. On the other hand, they may wish not to watch their child suffer anymore and choose to withdraw life sustaining treatments like artificial hydration. Nonetheless, healthcare professionals also carry their values and beliefs which may lead to conflicts in their practice. It’s extremely necessary to create strong bonds of trust through communication, to educate and specially to study each case individually, always considering the best interests of the child. Factors such as uncertainty in prognosis, quality of life, and medical futility complicate this process even further. Conclusion: Inevitably, conflicts arise in clinical practice, especially when it comes to such a complex topic at a such fragile age. Improving recognition of such barriers and working as a team is critical in an attempt to provide the best care and comfort for a child and help the parent's grieving process

Use and perspectives of nitric oxide donors in agriculture

[Mini-review] Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged in the last 30 years as a key molecule involved in many physiological processes in plants, animals and bacteria. Current research has shown that NO can be delivered via donor molecules. In such cases, the NO release rate is dependent on the chemical structure of the donor itself and on the chemical environment. Despite NO's powerful signaling effect in plants and animals, the application of NO donors in agriculture is currently not implemented and research remains mainly at the experimental level. Technological development in the field of NO donors is rapidly expanding in scope to include controlling seed germination, plant development, ripening and increasing shelf-life of produce. Potential applications in animal production have also been identified. This concise review focuses on the use of donors that have shown potential biotechnological applications in agriculture. Insights are provided into (i) the role of donors in plant production, (ii) the potential use of donors in animal production and (iii) future approaches to explore the use and applications of donors for the benefit of agricultur

A Generalized Review on Extraction of Biomolecules

Nature has given us a wide range of biological compounds that can be utilized to help combat health problems, but sometimes with over-processing, these advantages are diminished or lost. Food and pharmaceutical companies have developed a range of new approaches to harness and retain the naturally occurring diversity and quality of bioactive compounds efficiently and effectively. Pharmaceutically important plant products have been known for millennia; they have been used in crude and unrefined forms. One of the best ways to pick the best plant bioactive is through genetic engineering, omics, and plant tissue culture. Many laboratories routinely screen plant species for bioactive compounds to discover new ones. All extraction methods depend on the researcher's preference and what exactly the research entails. Successful extraction begins with the careful selection and preparation of plant samples and thorough knowledge and review of the appropriate literature. Here we have attempted to describe the different stages and methods of extraction from the medicinal plants. From the review, it can be concluded that no universal extraction method is ideal and that each extraction procedure is unique

Penyelidikan fundamental UTM: perkembangan dan cabaran

Dalam era globalisasi dan k-ekonomi negara akan menghadapi cabaran perindustrian yang lebih mencabar dengan lebih fokus kepada pengukuhan produktiviti dan daya saing melalui pembangunan dan kemajuan teknologi. Dengan demikian negara akan memerlukan lebih ramai sumber tenaga yang kreatif dan inovatif sehingga mampu menghasilkan teknologi dan produk baru yang lebih kompetitif serta mampu bersaing di pasaran global. Rancangan Induk Perindustrian Malaysia ke-2, 1996 - 2006 (IMP2) telah menunjukkan dengan jelas penekanan terhadap teknologi sebagai salah satu lima elemen penting bagi asas ekonomi, selain sumber manusia, infrastruktur fizikal, peraturan dan prosidur pentadbiran sokongan dan, insentif, bisnes dan perkhidmatan sokongan bisnes (MITI, 1996