Variación espacio-temporal de Chironomidae (Diptera) bentónicos y derivantes en un arroyo serrano en Córdoba, Argentina

Chironomidae es una de las familias más abundantes y diversas en los ecosistemas de agua dulce, sin embargo su complejidad sistemática ha sido motivo de su escaso desarrollo en muchos estudios limnológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los ensambles de Chironomidae bentónicos y derivantes de un arroyo serrano de la región central de Argentina evaluando abundancia, diversidad y composición de especies en diferentes hábitats fluviales y distintas estaciones del año. Se tomaron muestras cuantitativas de bentos y deriva en el arroyo Achiras (Córdoba, Argentina) en hábitats de rabión y corredera, y se registraron variables ambientales en las cuatro estaciones del año, entre 2007 y 2008. Se registró un total de 25 taxones pertenecientes a cuatro subfamilias. Los quironómidos bentónicos constituyeron el 19% de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados, mientras que en deriva representaron el 33%. En el bentos dominó Thienemannimyia sp. y en la deriva, Corynoneura sp. De acuerdo con los resultados de ANOVAs de dos vías, los mayores valores de riqueza taxonómica y densidad bentónica se registraron en el periodo de aguas bajas (otoño e invierno) y la diversidad de quirónomidos bentónicos fue mayor en rabión. Por el contrario, para el ensamble de derivantes sólo la equitatividad fue diferente entre hábitats y entre estaciones. El análisis TWINSPAN mostró una separación espacio-temporal de las muestras de bentos, mientras que las muestras de deriva se segregaron sólo temporalmente lo que sugiere que el transporte aguas abajo de los invertebrados homogeniza la variación espacial observada en el bentos. La densidad de bentos y deriva varió de manera similar a través de las estaciones del año y el coeficiente de Jaccard presentó un alto índice de similitud entre bentos y deriva (86%). Este trabajo posibilitó conocer la dinámica temporal y espacial de los quironómidos bentónicos y derivantes en un arroyo serrano. La ampliación del conocimiento taxonómico, biológico y ecológico de Chironomidae posibilitará adecuar e implementar estrategias de manejo y conservación de los ecosistemas lóticos en la región central de Argentina.Spatio-temporal variation of benthic and drifting Chironomidae (Diptera) in a mountain stream in Córdoba, Argentina. Chironomidae is one of the most abundant and diverse families in freshwater ecosystems, however its highly complex systematic has led to its scarce development in many limnological studies. The aim of this study was to analyze benthic and drifting Chironomidae assemblages in a mountain stream of central Argentina assessing abundance, diversity and taxa composition in different fluvial habitats and seasons. Quantitative benthic and drift samples were taken in the Achiras stream (Córdoba, Argentina) in rifles and runs, and environmental variables were measured in each season between 2007 and 2008. A total of 25 taxa were registered belonging to four subfamilies. Benthic chironomids represented 19% of the macroinvertebrate community, whereas they constituted 33% in drift. Thienemannimyia sp. dominated in benthos and Corynoneura sp. in drift. According to the two-way ANOVAs results, the highest taxonomic richness and benthic density were registered during the low flow period (autumn and winter) and the highest benthic diversity was found in riffles. On the contrary, in the drifting assemblage only evenness was different between habitats and among seasons. TWINSPAN analysis showed a spatio-temporal segregation of benthic samples, whereas drift samples were separated only temporally suggesting that the dislodgment of invertebrates downstream homogenize the spatial variation observed in benthos. Benthic and drift density varied in a similar manner through seasons and Jaccard coefficient showed a high similarity index between benthos and drift (86%). This study allowed knowing the spatio-temporal dynamic of benthic and drifting Chironomidae in a mountain stream. The increase of knowledge in relation to taxonomy, biology and ecology of Chironomidae will allow to adequate and apply management and conservation strategies of lotic ecosystems in the central region of Argentina.Fil: Zanotto Arpellino, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Principe, Romina Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Oberto, Ana M.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Gualdoni, Cristina M.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentin

Characterization and in Vivo Biological Performance of Biosilicate

After an introduction showing the growing interest in glasses and glass-ceramics as biomaterials used for bone healing, we describe a new biomaterial named Biosilicate. Biosilicate is the designation of a group of fully crystallized glass-ceramics of the Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system. Several in vitro tests have shown that Biosilicate is a very active biomaterial and that the HCA layer is formed in less than 24 hours of exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. Also, in vitro studies with osteoblastic cells have shown that Biosilicate disks supported significantly larger areas of calcified matrix compared to 45S5 Bioglass, indicating that this bioactive glass-ceramic may promote enhancement of in vitro bone-like tissue formation in osteogenic cell cultures. Finally, due to its special characteristics, Biosilicate has also been successfully tested in several in vivo studies. These studies revealed that the material is biocompatible, presents excellent bioactive properties, and is effective to stimulate the deposition of newly formed bone in animal models. All these data highlight the huge potential of Biosilicate to be used in bone regeneration applications.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biosci, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Mat Engn, Vitreous Mat Lab, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Physiotherapy, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biosci, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Value-based healthcare initiatives in practice : a systematic review

Value-based initiatives are growing in importance as strategic models of healthcare management, prompting the need for an in-depth exploration of their outcome measures. This systematic review aimed to identify measures that are being used in the application of the value agenda. Multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched. Eligible studies reported various implementations of value-based healthcare initiatives. A qualitative approach was used to analyze their outcome measurements. Outcomes were classified according to a tier-level hierarchy. In a radar chart, we compared literature to cases from Harvard Business Publishing. The value agenda effect reported was described in terms of its impact on each domain of the value equation. A total of 7,195 records were retrieved; 47 studies were included. Forty studies used electronic health record systems for data origin. Only 16 used patient-reported outcome surveys to cover outcome tiers that are important to patients, and 3 reported outcomes to all 6 levels of our outcome measures hierarchy. A considerable proportion of the studies (36%) reported results that contributed to value-based financial outcomes focused on cost savings. However, a gap remains in measuring outcomes that matter to patients. A more complete application of the value agenda by health organizations requires advances in technology and culture change management

Ion-pair HPLC applied to the assay of the vitamin B group mixture: theorical bases and method validation

Um método simples e rápido para determinação simultânea das vitaminas nicotinamida, tiamina, piridoxina, riboflavina e pantotenato de cálcio, em associação com minerais, foi desenvolvido por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, utilizando a técnica de pareamento iônico, coluna C-8 Perkin Elmer (150 x 4,6 mm DI, partícula 5 mm, poro 80 Å) e detector de ultravioleta (210 e 270 nm). A fase móvel composta de água e metanol (894:106), contendo 10 mM de hexanossulfonato de sódio, 0,5% de ácido acético e 0,1% de trietilamina a pH 3,5 promoveu excelente separação das vitaminas. O método foi aplicado com sucesso à forma farmacêutica de comprimidos e drágeas, contendo também minerais. Linearidade, precisão, recuperação e especificidade foram satisfatórias. A taxa de recuperação do método foi de 98% a 102% e os desvios padrão relativos encontrados variaram entre 0,9 e 2,5%.A rapid and simple method for the simultaneous determination of nicotinamide, thiamine, pyridoxine, riboflavin and calcium pantothenate, associated with minerals was developed by high performance liquid chromatography. These vitamins were simultaneously assayed by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC with C-8 column Perkin Elmer (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 mm, 80 Å) and UV detection (210 and 270 nm). A mobile phase of water-methanol (894:106), 10 mM hexanesulfonate, 0,5% acetic acid and 0,1% triethylamine at pH 3.5 allowed the most satisfactory separation of these vitamins. The method was successfully applied to the determination of vitamins in tablets and coated tablets. Linearity, precision, recovery and specificity were always satisfactory. The average recoveries were from 98% to 102% and the relative standard deviations were between 0.9 to 2.5%

Quantificação e qualificação de matéria-prima para uso de referência nas análises de paracetamol da farmácia básica nas unidades de referência

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Expressão sexual de linhagens de mamona

The diversity of types of sexual expression is an outstanding characteristic in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and of importance for the genetic improvement. However few information are described. The objectives were to characterize castor bean lines regarding sexual expression for hybrids production.  Two experiments were installed in Botucatu (SP) and São Manuel (SP), which were evaluated 80 lines of castor bean in randomized block with two replications. Were evaluated the sexual expression of the all orders of raceme of castor bean plants. A great variability was observed among lines sexual expression of the racemes, with the presence of lines with all orders of female racemes, and lines with the characteristic of interspersed staminate flowers. The environmental conditions of Botucatu - SP were more favorable of female sexual expression of the racemes.A diversidade genética existente para tipos de expressão sexual é uma característica marcante em mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) e de importância para o melhoramento genético, no entanto as informações descritas são incipientes. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar linhagens de mamona quanto à expressão sexual para a produção de híbridos. Foram instalados experimentos, nos municípios de Botucatu - SP e São Manuel - SP, onde foram avaliadas 80 linhagens de mamona, em blocos casualizados, com duas repetições. Avaliou-se a expressão sexual de todas as ordens de racemo das linhagens de mamona. Foi constatada grande variabilidade genética entre as linhagens quanto à expressão sexual dos racemos, com a presença de linhagens inteiramente femininas e linhagens com a característica de flores estaminadas intercaladas. As condições ambientais de Botucatu (SP) apresentaram-se mais favoráveis à expressão sexual feminina dos racemos do que as condições ambientais de São Manuel (SP)

CURCUMIN AND CAPSAICIN: FROM SPICES TO CANCER-SUPPRESSING AGENTS

It is currently accepted that the inflammatory cascade plays a fundamental role in the tumor cell development stages, being the inflammation process linked to tumor progression and dissemination. In this context, natural products (NPs) represent potential anticancer drugs due to their ability to interact with several immunological mediators and, therefore, ability to produce an immunomodulatory response. To elucidate the potential roles of curcumin and capsaicin as cancer-suppressing agents, presenting the recently published laboratorial and clinical researches. In this review it will be addressed the effects of both these NPs in relation to pancreatic, gastric, breast, lung and prostate cancer. A bibliographic review was performed on the Pubmed (Medline) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). The inclusion criteria consisted of articles written in English and published between the years of 2000 and 2020. Curcumin and capsaicin demonstrated to be able to modulate multiple important molecular targets that are responsible for cancer development. In vivo and in vitro studies elucidated that the NPs acted in many signalling pathways on the different types of cancer, causing antiproliferative, antisurvival, and antimigratory effects on a variety of cancer cell lines. This review concluded that both curcumin and capsaicin are effective compounds on preventing and treating the neoplasms studied. However, the applications of this phytochemicals on humans are still limited and in need for more studies.Actualmente se acepta que la cascada inflamatoria juega un papel fundamental en las etapas de desarrollo de las células tumorales, estando el proceso de inflamación ligado a la progresión y diseminación tumoral. En este contexto, los productos naturales (NP) representan posibles fármacos anticancerosos debido a su capacidad para interactuar con varios mediadores inmunológicos y, por tanto, su capacidad para producir una respuesta inmunomoduladora. Dilucidar los roles potenciales de la curcumina y la capsaicina como agentes supresores del cáncer, presentando las investigaciones clínicas y de laboratorio recientemente publicadas. En esta revisión se abordarán los efectos de ambos NP en relación con el cáncer de páncreas, gástrico, mama, pulmón y próstata. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en Pubmed (Medline) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Los criterios de inclusión consistieron en artículos escritos en inglés y publicados entre los años 2000 y 2020. La curcumina y la capsaicina demostraron ser capaces de modular múltiples dianas moleculares importantes que son responsables del desarrollo del cáncer. Los estudios in vivo e in vitro aclararon que los NP actuaron en muchas vías de señalización sobre los diferentes tipos de cáncer, causando efectos antiproliferativos, antisupervivencia y antimigratorios en una variedad de líneas celulares cancerosas. Esta revisión concluyó que tanto la curcumina como la capsaicina son compuestos efectivos para prevenir y tratar las neoplasias estudiadas. Sin embargo, las aplicaciones de estos fitoquímicos en humanos aún son limitadas y necesitan más estudios.Atualmente aceita-se que a cascata de inflamação tem um papel fundamental nos estágios de desenvolvimento da célula tumoral, sendo a inflamação um processo ligado a progressão e disseminação do tumor. Nesse contexto, compostos naturais representam drogas potenciais contra o câncer por sua habilidade de interagir com diferentes mediadores inflamatórios e, assim, capacidade de produzir uma resposta imunomoduladora. Esse estudo buscou elucidar o potencial da curcumina e da capsaicina como agentes supressores tumorais apresentando estudos laboratoriais e clínicos recentemente publicados. Assim, nessa revisão foi levantado os efeitos de ambos os compostos mencionados em relação aos cânceres de pâncreas, de estômago, de mama, de pulmão e de próstata. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica realizada nas bases de dados do PubMed (Medline) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Os critérios de inclusão consistiram em artigos escritos em inglês e português publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2020. Curcumina e capsaicina demonstraram ser capazes de modular múltiplos alvos moleculares importantes que são responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de cânceres. Estudos in vivo e in vitro elucidaram que estes compostos naturais agiram em diversas vias de sinalização nos diferentes tipos de cânceres, causando efeitos antiproliferativos, antisobrevivência e antimigração em uma variedade de linhagens celulares cancerígenas. Com base na revisão deste artigo, concluiu que tanto a curcumina quanto a capsaicina são compostos efetivos na prevenção e tratamento das neoplasias estudadas. Entretanto, as aplicações destes fitoquímicos em humanos ainda são limitadas, havendo a necessidade de mais estudos

Laboratory Rearing Methodology for Chironomidae (Diptera) of Lotic Environments

La taxonomía de Chironomidae se apoya fuertemente en la integración de las características morfológicas de todas las fases del ciclode vida, las cuales se pueden obtener mediante la cría en laboratorio. Este estudio desarrolló un método de cría en laboratorio delarvas de Chironomidae de ambientes lóticos. El método consta de una circulación constante de agua y distintos ítems alimenticios.Esta metodología ha permitido obtener asociaciones de los estados de larva, pupa y adulto para la identificación de especiespresentes en una región de Argentina en la que el estado de conocimiento de la familia Chironomidae es incipiente.The taxonomy of Chironomidae is strongly supported by the integration of morphological characteristics of all stages of the life cycle, which can be obtained through laboratory rearing. This study was developed in laboratory to test rearing method for lotic Chironomidae larvae. The method included constant water circulation and different food items. This methodology allowed obtaining associations of larva, pupa and adult stages for the identification of species from an Argentinean region in which the knowledge of Chironomidae family is incipient.Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet

O Desenvolvimento Baseado em Conhecimento no Contexto das Cidades: Uma Análise do Caso de Monterrey

As the economy migrated from essentially agricultural to industrial and commercial, accompanied by population growth, cities emerged as the initial model of a system of human and economic organization. Nowadays, the concepts of City of Knowledge emerge, since cities are no longer seen exclusively as economic-financial centers, but as a set of tangible and intangible values that relate to people, companies and governments in a triple propeller. With the purpose of examining the application of the concept of Knowledge City, this article presents a unique case study with the object of study being the Mexican city of Monterrey, considered an emerging knowledge city. The case of Monterrey reveals opportunities marked by the knowledge society, since it requires the mobilization of endogenous resources, just as the examples observed in this article show us the fact that the resources of knowledge already exist and have a kind of “ “In cultural and historical values, developed in an organic and unique way. Regarding the limitations of the study, it is important to consider the time cut restricted to 2008 and 2009, which limited the analysis of the case in relation to the most recent events, such as the installation of drug cartels in the city that shaken their plans and strategies. These recent events represent a perspective for the continuation of the study of the case of Monterrey oriented to the analysis of the impacts of violence and organized crime in its capital system