18 research outputs found
Genetic selection for high growth improves the efficiency of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in using novel diets with insect meal, single-cell protein and a DHA rich-microalgal oil
Genetic selection and novel raw materials for aquafeeds are current key tools in the ongoing effort to increase the
productivity, efficiency, and sustainability of the aquaculture sector. Selective breeding could also improve the
utilization of novel dietary formulations with emergent ingredients. Gilthead sea bream juveniles, either coming
from a selective breeding program based on growth traits, or a non-selected population, were nutritionally
challenged with two novel dietary formulations that were compared with a Control diet based on 15% FM and
6% FO dietary commercial levels for this species. The novel formulations included an insect meal diet (INS) at 5%
of the diet to replace 33.3% of the dietary FM, or a single-cell protein diet (SCP) at 10% of the diet and to replace
66.7% of the dietary FM. Fish oil was also totally replaced in these diets by a blend of poultry oil and Veramaris
algal oil. Better growth and feed utilization of the selected genotype compared to non-selected fish was observed,
at any of the diets assayed. INS and SCP novel diets reduced general performance of fish by reducing feed intake.
However, selected fish fed novel diets showed very similar growth and lower feed conversion ratio compared
with non-selected fish fed a control diet. The novel formulations increased n-3 LC-PUFA in fish tissues, particularly DHA, irrespective of the genotype, as a result of the dietary inclusion of the DHA-rich microalgal oil.
Neither genetic selection nor the use of novel raw materials affected fillet proximate composition and consequently, sea bream fillet quality in terms of texture and sensorial perception of consumers. Overall, the results
reaffirm the positive effects of selective breeding programs in improving sea bream key productive indicators, as
well as support the use of novel dietary formulations, using insect meal from H. illucens, single-cell protein from
M. capsulatus as partial replacers of FM in diets for gilthead sea bream (33 and 66% of replacement, respectively),
and a blend of DHA-rich microalgal and poultry oils as total replacer of FO.This work was supported by the European Unionâs Horizon 2020
research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 818367;
AquaIMPACTâGenomic and nutritional innovations for genetically
superior farmed fish to improve efficiency in European aquaculture.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Ozone depletion in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere induced by wildfire smoke
A record-breaking stratospheric ozone loss was observed over the Arctic and Antarctica in 2020. Strong ozone depletion occurred over Antarctica in 2021 as well. The ozone holes developed in smoke-polluted air. In this article, the impact of Siberian and Australian wildfire smoke (dominated by organic aerosol) on the extraordinarily strong ozone reduction is discussed. The study is based on aerosol lidar observations in the North Pole region (October 2019-May 2020) and over Punta Arenas in southern Chile at 53.2°S (January 2020-November 2021) as well as on respective NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) ozone profile observations in the Arctic (Ny-Ă
lesund) and Antarctica (Neumayer and South Pole stations) in 2020 and 2021. We present a conceptual approach on how the smoke may have influenced the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), which are of key importance in the ozone-depleting processes. The main results are as follows: (a) the direct impact of wildfire smoke below the PSC height range (at 10-12 km) on ozone reduction seems to be similar to well-known volcanic sulfate aerosol effects. At heights of 10-12 km, smoke particle surface area (SA) concentrations of 5-7 Όm2 cm-3 (Antarctica, spring 2021) and 6-10 Όm2 cm-3 (Arctic, spring 2020) were correlated with an ozone reduction in terms of ozone partial pressure of 0.4-1.2 mPa (about 30 % further ozone reduction over Antarctica) and of 2-3.5 mPa (Arctic, 20 %-30 % reduction with respect to the long-term springtime mean). (b) Within the PSC height range, we found indications that smoke was able to slightly increase the PSC particle number and surface area concentration. In particular, a smoke-related additional ozone loss of 1-2 mPa (10 %-20 % contribution to the total ozone loss over Antarctica) was observed in the 14-23 km PSC height range in September-October 2020 and 2021. Smoke particle number concentrations ranged from 10 to 100 cm-3 and were about a factor of 10 (in 2020) and 5 (in 2021) above the stratospheric aerosol background level. Satellite observations indicated an additional mean column ozone loss (deviation from the long-term mean) of 26-30 Dobson units (9 %-10 %, September 2020, 2021) and 52-57 Dobson units (17 %-20 %, October 2020, 2021) in the smoke-polluted latitudinal Antarctic belt from 70-80°S. Copyright
A 3-biomarker 2-point-based risk stratification strategy in acute heart failure
[Abstract] Introduction and Objectives: Most multi-biomarker strategies in acute heart failure (HF) have only measured biomarkers in a single-point time. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic yielding of NT-proBNP, hsTnT, Cys-C, hs-CRP, GDF15, and GAL-3 in HF patients both at admission and discharge.
Methods: We included 830 patients enrolled consecutively in a prospective multicenter registry. Primary outcome was 12-month mortality. The gain in the C-index, calibration, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was calculated after adding each individual biomarker value or their combination on top of the best clinical model developed in this study (C-index 0.752, 0.715â0.789) and also on top of 4 currently used scores (MAGGIC, GWTG-HF, Redin-SCORE, BCN-bioHF).
Results: After 12-month, death occurred in 154 (18.5%) cases. On top of the best clinical model, the addition of NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, and GDF-15 above the respective cutoff point at admission and discharge and their delta during compensation improved the C-index to 0.782 (0.747â0.817), IDI by 5% (p < 0.001), and NRI by 57% (p < 0.001) for 12-month mortality. A 4-risk grading categories for 12-month mortality (11.7, 19.2, 26.7, and 39.4%, respectively; p < 0.001) were obtained using combination of these biomarkers.
Conclusion: A model including NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, and GDF-15 measured at admission and discharge afforded a mortality risk prediction greater than our clinical model and also better than the most currently used scores. In addition, this 3-biomarker panel defined 4-risk categories for 12-month mortality.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; RD06-0003-0000Instituto de Salud Carlos III; RD12/0042/000
Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion
Record-breaking wildfires raged in southeastern Australia in late December 2019 and early January 2020. Rather strong pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) convection developed over the fire areas and lofted enormous amounts of biomass burning smoke into the tropopause region and caused the strongest wildfire-related stratospheric aerosol perturbation ever observed around the globe. We discuss the geometrical, optical, and microphysical properties of the stratospheric smoke layers and the decay of this major stratospheric perturbation. A multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at Punta Arenas (53.2ââS, 70.9ââW), southern Chile, and an elastic backscatter Raman lidar at RĂo Grande (53.8ââS, 67.7ââW) in southern Argentina, were operated to monitor the major record-breaking event until the end of 2021. These lidar measurements can be regarded as representative for mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. A unique dynamical feature, an anticyclonic, smoke-filled vortex with 1000âkm horizontal width and 5âkm vertical extent, which ascended by about 500âmâdâ1, was observed over the full last week of January 2020. The key results of the long-term study are as follows. The smoke layers extended, on average, from 9 to 24âkm in height. The smoke partly ascended to more than 30âkm height as a result of self-lofting processes. Clear signs of a smoke impact on the record-breaking ozone hole over Antarctica in SeptemberâNovember 2020 were found. A slow decay of the stratospheric perturbation detected by means of the 532ânm aerosol optical thickness (AOT) yielded an e-folding decay time of 19â20 months. The maximum smoke AOT was around 1.0 over Punta Arenas in January 2020 and thus 2 to 3 orders of magnitude above the stratospheric aerosol background of 0.005. After 2 months with strongly varying smoke conditions, the 532ânm AOT decreased to 0.03-0.06 from MarchâDecember 2020 and to 0.015â0.03 throughout 2021. The particle extinction coefficients at 532ânm were in the range of 10â75âMmâ1 in January 2020 and, later on, mostly between 1 and 5âMmâ1. Combined lidarâphotometer retrievals revealed typical smoke extinction-to-backscatter ratios of 69â±â19âsr (at 355ânm), 91â±â17âsr (at 532ânm), and 120â±â22âsr (at 1064ânm). An ozone reduction of 20â%â25â% in the 15â22âkm height range was observed over Antarctica and New Zealand ozonesonde stations in the smoke-polluted air, with particle surface area concentrations of 1â5â”m2âcmâ3
Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions
The main phenological stages (budburst, flowering, veraison, and ripeness) of 53 Spanish minority varieties were studied to determine their potential to help winegrowers adapt to climate change conditions. In total, 43 varieties were studied in the same location in Spain (AlcalĂĄ de Henares, in the Madrid region) and 10 varieties in 5 other regions (Galicia, Navarre, Catalonia, Extremadura, and Andalusia). Other traits of agronomic and oenological interest, such as yield and acidity, were also monitored. The results allow for the grouping of the varieties into several clusters according to the time of ripeness (very earlyâonly for red varietiesâand early, intermediate, and late, for both red and white varieties) and yield (high, medium, and low). The total acidity in the grape juice ranged from 3 to 11 g of tartaric acid/L. The average temperatures were higher (up to 3â4 °C during summer) compared to historical averages during the 1957â2021 time period. Advanced phenology phases and reduced acidity are regarded as negative effects of climate change for winegrowing practices. Since some minority varieties showed late or intermediate ripening, high acidity, and high (1 Kg/shoot) or medium (0.5 Kg/shoot) yield, our findings suggest that they may be cultivated in the coming years by winegrowers as an approach to mitigate climate change effects.Project RTI2018-101085-R-C31, âValorization of Minority Grapevine Varieties for their Potential for Wine Diversification and Resilience to Climate Change (MINORVIN),â funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by the ERDF, A Way to Make Europe.Peer reviewe
Side scan sonar image formation, restoration and modelling
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX192550 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Analysis of the effect of the compaction procedure of asphalt specimens with marshall and gyratory compactor on the volumetric and mechanical properties
The study is focused on evaluating the influence of compaction variables with the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) in volumetric and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. At the Road Research Laboratory of the UPC-BarcelonaTech specimens of continuous (AC16S) and gap-graded (BBTM11B) mixtures with 50/70 penetration bitumen were produced. Three vertical pressure levels, three angles of gyration and five compaction temperatures were used and the influence of these variables on the shear stress, density, air-void content and stiffness modulus was analyzed. The stiffness modulus and densities obtained in samples produced with SGC and Marshall hammer at different temperatures were also compared. For the studied mixtures it was shown that the variation of the temperature slightly affects the volumetric properties of the mixtures and introduces a significant change in the stiffness modulus.Postprint (published version
Analysis of the effect of the compaction procedure of asphalt specimens with marshall and gyratory compactor on the volumetric and mechanical properties
The study is focused on evaluating the influence of compaction variables with the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) in volumetric and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. At the Road Research Laboratory of the UPC-BarcelonaTech specimens of continuous (AC16S) and gap-graded (BBTM11B) mixtures with 50/70 penetration bitumen were produced. Three vertical pressure levels, three angles of gyration and five compaction temperatures were used and the influence of these variables on the shear stress, density, air-void content and stiffness modulus was analyzed. The stiffness modulus and densities obtained in samples produced with SGC and Marshall hammer at different temperatures were also compared. For the studied mixtures it was shown that the variation of the temperature slightly affects the volumetric properties of the mixtures and introduces a significant change in the stiffness modulus
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Smoke of extreme Australian bushfires observed in the stratosphere over Punta Arenas, Chile, in January 2020 : optical thickness, lidar ratios, and depolarization ratios at 355 and 532nm
We present particle optical properties of stratospheric smoke layers observed with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar over Punta Arenas (53.2ââS, 70.9ââW), Chile, at the southernmost tip of South America in January 2020. The smoke originated from the record-breaking bushfires in Australia. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness reached values up to 0.85 at 532ânm in mid-January 2020. The main goal of this rapid communication letter is to provide first stratospheric measurements of smoke extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratios) and particle linear depolarization ratios at 355 and 532ânm wavelengths. These aerosol parameters are important input parameters in the analysis of spaceborne CALIPSO and Aeolus lidar observations of the Australian smoke spreading over large parts of the Southern Hemisphere in January and February 2020 up to heights of around 30âkm. Lidar and depolarization ratios, simultaneously measured at 355 and 532ânm, are of key importance regarding the homogenization of the overall Aeolus (355ânm wavelength) and CALIPSO (532ânm wavelength) lidar data sets documenting the spread of the smoke and the decay of the stratospheric perturbation, which will be observable over the entire year of 2020. We found typical values and spectral dependencies of the lidar ratio and linear depolarization ratio for aged stratospheric smoke. At 355ânm, the lidar ratio and depolarization ratio ranged from 53 to 97âsr (mean 71âsr) and 0.2 to 0.26 (mean 0.23), respectively. At 532ânm, the lidar ratios were higher (75â112âsr, mean 97âsr) and the depolarization ratios were lower with values of 0.14â0.22 (mean 0.18). The determined depolarization ratios for aged Australian smoke are in very good agreement with respective ones for aged Canadian smoke, observed with lidar in stratospheric smoke layers over central Europe in the summer of 2017. The much higher 532ânm lidar ratios, however, indicate stronger absorption by the Australian smoke particles