Developing and Evaluating Clinical Written Assignment in Clinical Teaching for the Senior B.S. Nursing Students: An action research

Introduction: In a four-year undergraduate level , the nursing students have to get prepared in the patients education, designing care plans, applying nursing processes and exercise the clinical decisions, in addition to learning practical skills. Therefore, multiple clinical teaching strategies in nursing must be applied. In this study the sheets for the mentioned fields were designed and used. Methods: In this action research in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 64 nursing senior students and related instructors participated. Clinical written assignment included the patient’s health condition sheet, tables showing the used medicines and the precautions, the clinical and paraclinical tests and the results, identifying the patient problems, designing and implementing care plan and writing nursing reports with SOAPIE method. The instructors’ viewpoints were achieved through the group discussions and their notes taken. The perceived competency of the students was obtained through a questionnaire. The qualitative data was analyzed by the content analysis and quantitative using SPSS. Results: Both the students and the instructors agreed with the clinical written assignment. The desired care competency of the students before and after assignment was statistically significant (p<0.05). According to the instructors, intervention was useful for the senior students who have passed the courses needed for completing and using the different parts of these forms. Conclusion: Since a need is always felt in the trends of the nursing clinical teaching, the researchers recommend the clinical written assignment and their application along with other strategies for senior nursing students in clinical teaching

Sexual Function in Breastfeeding Women in Family Health Centers of Tabriz, Iran, 2012

Introduction:There are conflicting evidences about the effects of breastfeeding on postpartum maternal sexual functioning. With regard to the methodological weaknesses of previous studies and cultural differences affecting their issue, the present study aims to evaluate sexual functions of lactating women and its components. Methods:This is a descriptive study in which 200 eligible postpartum women were selected from eight health centers of Tabriz (25 from each center). The eligible women were called and invited to attend the health center. The evaluation was performed using the Persian version of normalized questionnaire of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The participants’ sexual function scores above 28 were considered desirable (regarding the cut-off point mentioned in the Persian version of the questionnaire). Results:Almost all of the lactating women suffered from sexual dysfunctions. Regarding the sexual performance’s components the lowest scores were for libido and sexual arousal. Conclusion:According to the findings of the studies, in order to prevent the effects of sexual dysfunction on lactating women and their family members it is necessary to develop sexual health programs in health centers

The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review

زمینه و هدف: گروه پرستاری یکی از گروه‌های عمده در تیم بهداشتی، درمانی می‌باشد که خدمات آنان بسیار تعیین‌کننده و تأثیرگذار است. حرفه پرستاری حرفه‌ای جدید نبوده، بلکه ریشه در قرون گذشته دارد. می‌خواهیم دوباره به آغاز برگردیم و با مرور کلی تاریخ پرستاری در ایران و با استفاده از واقعیت‌های تاریخی، آموزه‌هایی را برای ارتقای پرستاری معاصر در اختیار گیریم. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه یک مطالعه مروری ـ روایتی می‌باشد که با استفاده از کتب و مقالات چاپ‌شده در زمینه تاریخ پرستاری ایران با جستجو در پایگاه‌های علمی انجام شده است. برای بررسی تحولات پرستاری، از الگو Bryant-Lukosius استفاده شده است که الگویی برای بررسی متون در سیستم‌های بهداشتی می‌باشد. در این مطالعه ابتدا هر دوره تاریخی، معرفی و موارد تاریخی مهم در هر دوره توضیح داده شدند و در نهایت تأثیراتی که این دوره بر مسائل اخیر پرستاری ایران بر جای گذاشته است، مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته شده است. یافته‌ها: بنا به مقتضیات، پرستاری در ایران فراز و نشیب‌های زیادی را پشت سر نهاده است. پرستاری تجربی در ایران با تأثیر از آموزش پرستاری ایالات متحده امریکا و انگلستان به پرستاری آکادمی تبدیل شد. با شروع انقلاب اسلامی و جنگ و افزایش نیاز، فلسفه و مدل‌های آموزشی پرستاری دچار تغییراتی شد. با اتمام جنگ و تأسیس وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی، سازمان نظام پرستاری و هیأت برد پرستاری زمینه‌های رشد حرفه‌ای‌شدن پرستاری در ایران پایه‌ریزی شد، ولی همچنان مسائل مهمی در پرستاری ایران وجود دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به مسائل مطرحی که هم‌اکنون در پرستاری در جریان می‌باشد، باید از تجارب گذشته در جهت پیشرفت و ارتقای کیفیت پرستاری و حرفه‌ای‌شدن پرستاری در ایران استفاده نمود.Background and Aim:&nbsp;The nursing group is one of the major groups in the health and treatment team whose services are very determinative and influential. The profession of nursing is not new, but rooted in the past centuries. We want to go back to the beginning and review the history of nursing in Iran and use historical facts to teach us about the advancement of contemporary nursing. Materials and Methods:&nbsp;This is a Narrative review article that using books and articles published in the field of nursing history in Iran by searching scientific databases. To investigate the evolution in nursing, the Bryant-Lukosius Framework has been used as a framework for reviewing texts in health systems. This framework includes three stages of introduction, implementation and sustainability. In this study, each historical period was first introduced, then major historical items were explained in each course. Finally, the effects of this course on recent issues of Iranian nursing have been discussed. Findings:&nbsp;According to the requirements, Nursing has had many ups and downs in Iran. Experimental nursing in Iran became a nursing academy with the effect of nursing education from the United States and England. With the onset of Islamic revolution and war and increasing need, philosophy and nursing education models were changed. With the end of the war and the establishment of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Nursing Organization and Nursing Board were founded the areas for nursing professionalism in Iran. But there are still major issues in Iranian nursing. Conclusion:&nbsp;Given the issues that are currently in nursing, we must use past experiences to improve nursing quality and nurse professionalism in Iran. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Please cite this article as:&nbsp;ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review.&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2018; 10(36): 89-104. Please cite this article as:&nbsp;ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review.&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2018; 10(36): 89-104. Please cite this article as:&nbsp;ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review.&nbsp;Med Hist J&nbsp;2018; 10(36): 89-104

A qualitative exploration of facilitators and inhibitors influencing nurses' intention to leave clinical nursing

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the barriers and facilitators shaping the development of an intent to leave the nursing profession, from the perspective of Iran's clinical nurses. METHOD The study was completed using qualitative content analysis And included 21 Participants who were clinical nurses with a variety of work experience across a range of clinical posts. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data obtained from the interviews were analyzed and interpreted utilizing a content analysis method. RESULTS During data analysis, 2 main themes, 5 categories and 12 subcategories were extracted as follows. Facilitators include: (I) spoiled identity (weak social status and violation of dignity), (II) frustration (feeling subordinate including a lack of appreciation), and (III) experience of hard labor (job stress, hard work and shift work). Inhibitors include: (I) positive management behaviors (rewards and support systems), and (II) being valuable (spiritual satisfaction, the efficient presence and professional capabilities development). CONCLUSION Based on the findings, it can be concluded that managers can prevent nurses from leaving clinical nursing by providing appropriate activities for them and increasing their motivation and satisfaction.OBJETIVO Estudio objetivando determinar obstáculos y facilitadores condicionantes del desarrollo de la intención de abandonar la profesión de enfermería, en la perspectiva de enfermeros clínicos de Irán. MÉTODO Se aplicó análisis cualitativo de contenidos. El estudio incluyó 21 participantes, todos ellos enfermeros clínicos con variada experiencia laboral en el campo de la enfermería clínica. Datos recolectados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, posteriormente analizados e interpretados por método de análisis de contenido. RESULTADOS Durante el análisis de datos fueron establecidos 2 temas principales, 5 categorías y 12 sub categorías, a saber. Los facilitadores incluyen: (I) identidad damnificada (status social debilitado y violación de la dignidad), (II) frustración (sentimiento de subordinación incluyendo falta de reconocimiento), y (III) percepción de alta carga laboral (estrés laboral, trabajo duro y turnos de trabajo). Los inhibidores incluyen: (I) comportamientos positivos de gestión (sistemas de recompensas y soporte), y (II) sentirse valorado (satisfacción espiritual, presencia eficiente y desarrollo de capacidades profesionales). CONCLUSIÓN En base a estos hallazgos, puede concluirse en que los gestores pueden prevenir el abandono de la profesión de los enfermeros clínicos brindándoles actividades apropiadas para ellos e incrementando su motivación y satisfacción.OBJETIVO Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as barreiras e facilitadores que definem o desenvolvimento de uma intenção de abandonar a profissão de enfermagem, sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros clínicos do Irã. MÉTODO O estudo foi realizado através da análise de conteúdo qualitativo e incluiu 21 participantes que eram enfermeiros clínicos com vasta experiência de trabalho em uma variedade de cargos clínicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e os dados obtidos com as entrevistas foram analisados e interpretados através do método da análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS Durante a análise dos dados, 2 temas principais, 5 categorias e 12 subcategorias foram obtidos como indicado a seguir. Os facilitadores incluem: (I) identidade debilitada (status social vulnerável e violação da dignidade), (II) frustração (sentimento de subordinação, incluindo falta de reconhecimento) e (III) experiência de trabalho árduo (estresse ocupacional, trabalho árduo e trabalho por turnos). Os inibidores incluem: (I) gestão de comportamentos positivos (recompensas e sistemas de apoio) e (II) ser útil (satisfação espiritual, eficiência e desenvolvimento de habilidades profissionais). CONCLUSÃO Com base nos achados, pode-se concluir que supervisores responsáveis podem impedir os enfermeiros de abandonarem a enfermagem clínica, delegando-lhes atividades pertinentes e aumentando sua motivação e satisfação

Knowledge and Performance about Nursing Ethic Codes from Nurses' and Patients' Perspective in Tabriz Teaching Hospitals, Iran

Introduction: Nursing profession requires knowledge of ethics to guide performance. The nature of this profession necessitates ethical care more than routine care. Today, worldwide definition of professional ethic code has been done based on human and ethical issues in the communication between nurse and patient. To improve all dimensions of nursing, we need to respect ethic codes. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge and performance about nursing ethic codes from nurses' and patients' perspective.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study Conducted upon 345 nurses and 500 inpatients in six teaching hospitals of Tabriz, 2012. To investigate nurses' knowledge and performance, data were collected by using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and analytic statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient, in SPSS13.Results: Most of the nurses were female, married, educated at BS degree and 86.4% of them were aware of Ethic codes also 91.9% of nurses and 41.8% of patients represented nurses respect ethic codes. Nurses' and patients' perspective about ethic codes differed significantly. Significant relationship was found between nurses' knowledge of ethic codes and job satisfaction and complaint of ethical performance. Conclusion: According to the results, consideration to teaching ethic codes in nursing curriculum for student and continuous education for staff is proposed, on the other hand recognizing failures of the health system, optimizing nursing care, attempt to inform patients about Nursing ethic codes, promote patient rights and achieve patient satisfaction can minimize the differences between the two perspectives

Effect of aromatherapy on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing cholecystectomy

Background and aims: Aromatherapy means application of concentrated essences from different types of plants (such as flowers) for treatment of different types of diseases. Aromatherapy works for stress, anxiety, psychosomatic problems, muscular and rheumatic pains, gastrointestinal problems, menopause and postpartum depression. The present study aimed to study the effect of aromatherapy on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Methods: This is a single-blinded clinical trial study which was conducted with participation of 60 patients undergoing cholecystectomy in Sina Treatment Center, Tabriz, Iran in 2012-2013. The patients were randomly assigned using table of random numbers. In intervention group, the patients inhaled 10 drops of rose water with 12 concentration for three minutes 8 and 16 hours after surgery. For control group, routine care continued in the ward. The data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test). Results: Comparison of changes in pain and anxiety scores between the two group indicated that the developed changes in pain and anxiety level (mean relief of pain and anxiety 8 and 16 hours after surgery) in the aromatherapy group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.001) and the level of relief of pain and anxiety was higher in aromatherapy group than the control group 8 and 16 hours after surgery (P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicated the positive effect of rose water-mediated aromatherapy on relief of pain and anxiety in patients 8 and 16 hours after surgery. Aromatherapy could be used as a cheap, noninvasive, complication-free, and non-pharmacologic nursing care

Self-Disruption: Experiences of Burn Survivors

Introduction: Burn injury is a devastating experience which affects a person's essence. Nursing researchers who study diseases based on patients' view will be able to better understand the effect of injuries or illnesses on self integrity. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating burn patients' experiences regarding life after suffering a burn injury. Method: This qualitative study was carried out using qualitative content analysis and in-depth, unstructured interviews with 15 burn survivors in Sina Hospital of Tabriz, Iran. Results: During the qualitative content analysis process, the theme of "self-disruption" as the essence of the participants' experience was extracted based on the following subcategories: A) Attack on selfintegrity (pathogenic power of burn, aggressive nature of burn) B) Threat and disturbance (life, living, social, and value threatening) C) Matrix of self (mental, emotional, demographic, and environmental properties). Conclusion: The present study has provided a new understanding of burn survivors' experiences by describing the concept of "self-disruption". Moreover, by pointing to the impact of energy in the matrix of self, it has provided theories about the differences between burn survivors’ process of returning to a normal life. Keywords: Burn, Survivors, Self, Self-concept, Qualitative stud

Mothers' Experiences of Caring for Prematurely Born Infants: Growth Sparks in the Face of Caregiver Burden

Introduction: Mothers of premature infants are exposed to maternal care needs beyond the ordinary and everyday responsibilities of caring for an infant. These special and unique needs will affect different aspects of life of the caregiver. Understanding these mothers’ experiences could help nurses in providing better care services. Thus, this study aimed to explain the experience of mothers of caring for prematurely born infants. Method: The data collection process included 15 semi-structured and in-depth interviews with the mothers of infants born prematurely during 2012-2013 in four neonatal intensive care units (NICU) affiliated with the medical educational centers in Iran. All the interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and finally, analyzed using qualitative content analysis with a conventional method. Robustness of data analysis was evaluated by the participants and external control. Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of "growth sparks" and "burden of care" categories. These categories have been revealed, respectively, in mothers with the subcategories of "improving maternal mental and physical conditions, changes in understanding, peace, and comfort of life", and " physical tension, psychological tension, and restrictions of life". Conclusion: The findings of this study confirmed the necessity of developing interventions to help mothers of premature infants during admission and after discharge from the hospital. Moreover, the nurses can benefit from the knowledge gained from this study in providing care and support for mothers and reducing their burden. Keywords: Premature infant, Mothers' experiences, Caring, Growth, Caregiver burden, Qualitative researc

Nurse's perceptions of organisational barriers to delivering compassionate care:a qualitative study

Background: Compassionate care is an international priority of healthcare professionals. There is little understanding about how workplace issues impact provision of compassionate care in nursing practice. Therefore, it is important to address the workplace issues and organizational factors which may hinder compassionate care delivery within nursing practice. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore workplace and organizational barriers to compassionate care from the nurses’ perspective. Research design: The study used a qualitative exploratory design, and data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. Participants and research context: A total of 15 nurses working in different fields of nursing were recruited from four hospitals at northwest of Iran. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Semistructured interviews were conducted for data collection. Ethical consideration: Ethical approval of this study was gained from the Ethical Review Board of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The main theme which emerged from data analysis was “unsupportive organizational culture.” This theme had two main categories including “excessive workload alongside inadequate staffing” and “the lack of value on compassionate care.” Discussion: Organizational barriers to development of compassionate in clinical practice were identified in this study. A closer examination of these barriers is required to move compassionate practice from an individual responsibility to a collective responsibility that is owned and shared by organizations. Conclusion: For compassionate care to flourish, policy makers, managers, and healthcare providers must foster an organizational atmosphere conducive to compassionate care. </jats:sec

Identification of the components for investigation of the psychological strength of nursing applicants: A qualitative study

Aim: There is a lack of clarity about the components which would signify appropriate psychological strengths among nursing student candidates. This study was conducted to identify such components from the viewpoint of the clinical nurses and nursing instructors. Design: A qualitative study. Methods: This study comprised qualitative research using a conventional content analysis approach. Participants were 25 nurses and nursing instructors. Data were collected in audio-recorded and transcribed semi-structured interviews and were analysed using MAXQDA10 software. Results: Analysis revealed four main categories including "anger management," "Stress/distress management," "self-belief" and "aptitude for hard work.". Conclusions: This study identified core components for future investigations into the psychological strengths of nursing applicants. This study provides specific testable hypotheses for future research endeavours. It is recommended that the researchers investigate the appropriateness of the components identified in this study to assess the psychological strength of the applicants in the longitudinal studies