Air Conditioning Using Radiant Cooling System

A Radiant cooling system alludes to a temperature-controlled surface that cools indoor temperatures by evacuating sensible heat and where the greater part of heat exchange happens through thermal radiation. Heat will spill out of objects, occupants, equipment and lights in a space to a cooled surface the length of their temperatures are hotter than that of the cooled surface and they are inside the observable pathway of the cooled surface. The procedure of radiant exchange negligibly effects on air temperature, yet through the procedure of convection, the air temperature will be brought down when air interacts with the cooled surface. Radiant cooling system utilizes the inverse impact of Radiant cooling system, which depends on the procedure of heat spill out of a warmed surface to items and inhabitants

Novel lactoferrin-conjugated gallium complex to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of opportunistic infections such as chronic wound infection that could lead to multiple organ failure and death. Gallium (Ga3+) ions are known to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation but require carrier for localized controlled delivery. Lactoferrin (LTf), a two-lobed protein, can deliver Ga3+ at sites of infection. This study aimed to develop a Ga-LTf complex for the treatment of wound infection. The characterisation of the Ga-LTf complex was conducted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Infra-Red (FTIR) and Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The antibacterial activity was assessed by agar disc diffusion, liquid broth and biofilm inhibition assays using the colony forming units (CFUs). The healing capacity and biocompatibility were evaluated using a P.aeruginosa infected wound in a rat model. DSC analyses showed thermal transition consistent with apo-lactoferrin; FTIR confirmed the complexation of gallium to lactoferrin. ICP-OES confirmed the controlled local delivery of Ga3+. Ga-LTf showed a 0.57 log10 CFUs reduction at 24 h compared with untreated control in planktonic liquid broth assay. Ga-LTf showed the highest antibiofilm activity with a 2.24 log10 CFUs reduction at 24 h. Furthermore, Ga-LTf complex is biocompatible without any adverse effect on brain, kidney, liver and spleen of rats tested in this study. Ga-LTf can be potentially promising novel therapeutic agent to treat pathogenic bacterial infections

Design and development of high strength paper bag using non-recycled paper

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirement of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in MechanicalThe detrimental effects of plastic bags on the environment are well known. It is now appropriate to use alternative materials for manufacturing bags and in packaging industries. While biodegradable plastics research has gained steam in the first world countries, countries like India are still dependent upon cheaper alternatives such as Kraft paper/ old newspaper (ONP) as packaging materials for transport.\ud Recycling of paper to produce bags is very common but it has its own disadvantages. The best option is to reuse. Every year lacs of papers are collected in academic Institutes in the form of assignment and practical papers with which paper bags can be produced. This option is very good in terms of economic viability. Further, the cost of these bags can be reduced by adopting appropriate materials in manufacturing. The design of the bag conforms and is much more than the expected load carrying capacity of a bag whether plastic or paper of the same size. Striking a balance between the strength and cost of the bags requires extensive experimentation using different designs and materials used for gluing and handle. Design of experiment using software Minitab helped to optimize the experiment results and deduce the best combination therefrom. The design of machine for manufacturing these paper bags is based on the design selected from this analysis.\ud In order to reduce the dependence on plastic bags in our day-to-day life, it is very important to achieve desirable factors such as strength, durability and affordability in paper bags. In future mass production by establishing a centralized unit for our as well as nearby Institutes can help to further reduce and provide sponsorship to this project

Transcription profiling reveals potential mechanisms of dysbiosis in the oral microbiome of rhesus macaques with chronic untreated SIV infection.

A majority of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have inadequate access to antiretroviral therapy and ultimately develop debilitating oral infections that often correlate with disease progression. Due to the impracticalities of conducting host-microbe systems-based studies in HIV infected patients, we have evaluated the potential of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaques to serve as a non-human primate model for oral manifestations of HIV disease. We present the first description of the rhesus macaque oral microbiota and show that a mixture of human commensal bacteria and "macaque versions" of human commensals colonize the tongue dorsum and dental plaque. Our findings indicate that SIV infection results in chronic activation of antiviral and inflammatory responses in the tongue mucosa that may collectively lead to repression of epithelial development and impact the microbiome. In addition, we show that dysbiosis of the lingual microbiome in SIV infection is characterized by outgrowth of Gemella morbillorum that may result from impaired macrophage function. Finally, we provide evidence that the increased capacity of opportunistic pathogens (e.g. E. coli) to colonize the microbiome is associated with reduced production of antimicrobial peptides

Statistical determination of the most suitable way of performing beam reactions experiment

Conference Proceeding MULTICON-W 2014 organised by Thakur College of Engineering and Techology, Mumbai India.beam reactions experiment is an experiment of the subject Enginnering Mecanics of First Year Engineering courses for all branches of Engineering, under University of Mumbai. In this experiment the reactions at the supports of a simply supported wooden beam are measured. The beam is supported by spring so that the deflection at the end supports can be measured with the help of a pointer connected to the spring. The spring at both ends deflects in proportion to the applied load and the distance of the load from the support

Studies on the reproductive biology of Indian Sand Whiting <i style="">Sillago sihama</i> (Forsskal)

280-284Sillago sihama have a prolonged breeding season from June to December, with spawning activity peaked during the period of September to November. Length at first maturity stage was found to vary between 155-164 mm (total length) in both sexes. Although overall sex ratio indicated predominance of female, Chi-square test (x2) showed no significant difference throughout the year. Fecundity varied from 11,376 to 103,695 per fish, is significantly correlated with total length (r = 0.85, r &lt; 0.01), body weight (r = 0.88, r &lt; 0.01) and ovary weight (r = 0.87, r &lt; 0.01)

<smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"><smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"> Macrobenthic communities of the coastal waters of Dabhol, west coast of India </smarttagtype></smarttagtype>

93-99Macrobenthic community of a shallow subtidal (5-20 m) muddy deposit off Dabhol was investigated. Sediment comprised mainly of silt and clay with less of sand. Dominance of clayey-silt fraction reflects on active flocculation of fine grain particles. The sediment organic carbon with a mean value of 1.42% was rather high. The population density of macro-invertebrates varied from 250 to 600 no.m-2 (mean=395±111) during December 1994. The values increased significantly during December 1996 and ranged between 400 and 975 no.m-2 (mean = 621±194). Macrofaunal community comprised of typical near-shore species, numerically dominated by polychaetes. The sediment organic content reflects on the high biological productivity of the area, particularly benthic production that was evident from a good fish catch in the experimental bottom trawling. Values for species diversity followed more or less similar trends and less variability among the sampling stations in Dec.1994 and Dec. 1996. However, species composition indicated the dominance of different taxa among the sampling locations during two sampling years. The occurrence of juvenile forms of decapods (shrimps and crabs) in the benthic samples suggest that the coastal waters of Dabhol provide favourable environmental conditions for feeding and breeding of commercially important prawn and crab species

A Pharmaco-Technical Investigation of Thymoquinone and Peat-Sourced Fulvic Acid Nanoemulgel: A Combination Therapy

Thymoquinone has a multitude of pharmacological effects and has been researched for a wide variety of indications, but with limited clinical success. It is associated with pharmaco-technical caveats such as hydrophobicity, high degradation, and a low oral bioavailability. A prudent approach warrants its usage through an alternative dermal route in combination with functional excipients to harness its potential for treating dermal afflictions, such as psoriasis. Henceforth, the present study explores a nanoformulation approach for designing a fulvic acid (peat-sourced)-based thymoquinone nanoemulsion gel (FTQ-NEG) for an enhanced solubility and improved absorption. The excipients, surfactant/co-surfactant, and oil selected for the o/w nanoemulsion (FTQ-NE) are Tween 80/Transcutol-P and kalonji oil. The formulation methodology includes high-energy ultrasonication complemented with a three-dimensional/factorial Box&ndash;Behnken design for guided optimization. The surface morphology assessment through scanning/transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed a 100 nm spherical, globule-like structure of the prepared nanoemulsion. Furthermore, the optimized FTQ-NE had a zeta potential of &minus;2.83 &plusmn; 0.14 Mv, refractive index of 1.415 &plusmn; 0.036, viscosity of 138.5 &plusmn; 3.08 mp, and pH of 5.8 &plusmn; 0.16, respectively. The optimized FTQ-NE was then formulated as a gel using Carbopol 971&reg; (1%). The in vitro release analysis of the optimized FTQ-NEG showed a diffusion-dominant drug release (Higuchi model) for 48 h. The drug permeation flux observed for FTQ-NEG (3.64 &mu;g/cm2/h) was much higher compared to that of the pure drug (1.77 mg/cm2/h). The results were further confirmed by confocal microscopy studies, which proved the improved penetration of thymoquinone through mice skin. Long-term stability studies of the purported formulation were also conducted and yielded satisfactory results

Biomedical application, patent repository, clinical trial and regulatory updates on hydrogel: an extensive review

Hydrogels are known for their leading role in biomaterial systems involving pharmaceuticals that fascinate material scientists to work on the wide variety of biomedical applications. The physical and mechanical properties of hydrogels, along with their biodegradability and biocompatibility characteristics, have made them an attractive and flexible tool with various applications such as imaging, diagnosis and treatment. The water-cherishing nature of hydrogels and their capacity to swell—contingent upon a few ecological signals or the simple presence of water—is alluring for drug conveyance applications. Currently, there are several problems relating to drug delivery, to which hydrogel may provide a possible solution. Hence, it is pertinent to collate updates on hydrogels pertaining to biomedical applications. The primary objective of this review article is to garner information regarding classification, properties, methods of preparations, and of the polymers used with particular emphasis on injectable hydrogels. This review also covers the regulatory and other commerce specific information. Further, it enlists several patents and clinical trials of hydrogels with related indications and offers a consolidated resource for all facets associated with the biomedical hydrogels.The authors are highly grateful towards Jamia Hamdard and DST for providing support in the form of DST PURSE. In addition, we would to thank Universiti Malaya for providing the facilities