Disparity Map Computation from Stereo Images Using Hill-Climbing Segmentation

Stereo matching is one of the most active research areas in computer vision for decades. The task of stereo matching is to find the point correspondence between two images of the same scene taken from different viewpoints. This paper presents a segment-based stereo matching algorithm. Firstly, the reference image is segmented using hill-climbing algorithm and local stereo matching is performed Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature points with Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) block matching. Secondly, a set of reliable pixels is constructed by comparing the matching cost and the mutual cross-checking consistent between the left and right initial disparity maps, which can lead to an actual disparity plane. Thirdly, a set of all possible disparity planes are extracted and then plane fitting and neighboring segment merging are performed. Finally, the disparity planes are set in each region using graph cuts to obtain final disparity map. The evaluation of proposed algorithm on the Middlebury data set result shows that the proposed algorithm is competitive with state-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms

Dispersion Modelling of Odoriferous Compounds from Landfill

Landfills contain vast quantities of waste as they are sites for deposition of a city’s solid waste. This solid waste further undergoes the process of decomposition producing several by-products such as odorous gases and volatile organic compounds. Both of these compounds have potential to severely damage physical and mental health of human. These components were analysed using AERMOD by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). AERMOD needs uniform and horizontally consistent surface and upper air parameters of meteorology. Along with AERMOD, Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEM Version 3.02) was used to form an emission inventory. LandGEM analyses odorous gases and VOCs. The dispersion of odorous gases over areas adjacent to landfill of Pune, India has been estimated from information on advances in emission inventory and field monitoring operation. Four odorous gases namely Total Landfill gas, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Non Methane Organic Compounds (NMOC) were detected at 17 discrete places and were found within permissible limits

Research & Analysis on Hybrid Storage: Combining SSDs and HDDs Drive

The traditional Hard Disk Drives and the upgrading Solid State Drives (SSD) are popular for their storage traits that keep large mass of data. The two technologies provide users with a large number of I/O per second. However, the two have a limited space capacity and perform differently. The SSDs offer exceptional performance. However, as compared to HDDs, they have much less capacity per drive and are costlier. Depending on the organizational application workload, the needs of capacities and performance requirements make users to have different preferences. In the IT system, the challenges on the usage of SSDs and HHDs are navigation of price, performance, and capacity trade-offs between SSDs and HDDs. Determining the most cost-effective drive type for each workload type is essential and will be discussed in this research paper. With the new technologies, there has been a series of combination of SSDs and HDDs into a single storage pool. The reduction of the I/O bottleneck through the hybrid SSD and HDD storage is also analyzed based on the terms of maintaining cost of the cache manager through settling on newer budgets for organizational optimization on storage solutions

Performance Comparison between Two Interpretations of Missing Data using Matrix-Characterized Approximations

Nowadays, the veracity related with data quality such as incomplete, inconsistent, vague or noisy data creates a major challenge to data mining and data analysis. Rough set theory presents a special tool for handling the incomplete and imprecise data in information systems. In this paper, rough set based matrix-represented approximations are presented to compute lower and upper approximations. The induced approximations are conducted as inputs for data analysis method, LERS (Learning from Examples based on Rough Set) used with LEM2 (Learning from Examples Module, Version2) rule induction algorithm. Analyzes are performed on missing datasets with “do not care” conditions and missing datasets with lost values. In addition, experiments on missing datasets with different missing percent by using different thresholds are also provided. The experimental results show that the system outperforms when missing data are characterized as “do not care” conditions than represented as lost values

Action Recognition Framework using Saliency Detection and Random Subspace Ensemble Classifier

Action recognition can be defined as a problem to determine what kind of action is happening in a video. It is a process of matching the observation with the previously labelled samples and assigning label to that observation. In this paper, a framework of the action recognition system based on saliency detection and random subspace ensemble classifier, is introduced in order to increase the performance of the action recognition. The proposed action recognition framework can be partitioned into three main processing phases. The first processing phase is detecting salient foreground objects by considering pattern and color distinctness of a set of pixels in each video frame. In the second processing phase, changing gradient orientation features are used as a useful feature representation. The third processing phase is recognizing actions using random subspace ensemble classifier with discriminant learner. Experimental results are evaluated on the UIUC action dataset. The proposed action recognition framework achieved satisfying action recognition accuracy

Low Enriched Uranium based Nuclear Rocket Propulsion Technology: Mars Exploration Mission

Many space agencies like NASA, SPACE-X have promised to send humans into the red planet in future. So, considering their project of mars colonization, nuclear rocket propulsion would be the better option. Replacing chemical rockets by nuclear rockets may reduce the mission duration and also can reduce the mass of the propellant used. In chemical rockets, propellant releases energy through combustion but in case of nuclear rockets, propellant i.e. hydrogen is heated up in controlled fission reaction in nuclear reactor inside the rocket engine. Specific impulse of the nuclear rocket is greater than chemical rocket. This helps in providing gigantic thrust as a result mission duration is decreased. The challenging parameter of increasing specific impulse is solved by maximizing specific impulse which is done by increasing the exhaust core temperature. The fuel is selected in such a way so that the exhaust temperature would be obtained. The (U, Zr) C –graphite fuel is selected because it has high uranium density and melting point is equivalent to exhaust core temperature which is sufficient enough to enhance the reactivity of the fissile material and thus to increase the rocket performance. A mathematical analysis shows that the percentage of mass of propellant used in mars mission will be lesser than the chemical rockets because the specific impulse is expected to be more in nuclear propulsion. The specific impulse obtained from the CFD Analysis of rocket nozzle is 979 sec with exit velocity of 9604m/s

New Insights of Background Estimation and Region Localization

Subtraction of background in a crowded scene is a crucial and challenging task of monitoring the surveillance systems. Because of the similarity between the foreground object and the background, it is known that the background detection and moving foreground objects is difficult. Most of the previous works emphasize this field but they cannot distinguish the foreground from background due to the challenges of gradual or sudden illumination changes, high-frequencies background objects of motion changes, background geometry changes and noise. After getting the foreground objects, segmentation is need to localize the objects region. Image segmentation is a useful tool in many areas, such as object recognition, image processing, medical image analysis, 3D reconstruction, etc. In order to provide a reliable foreground image, a carefully estimated background model is needed. To tackle the issues of illumination changes and motion changes, this paper establishes an effective new insight of background subtraction and segmentation that accurately detect and segment the foreground people. The scene background is investigates by a new insight, namely Mean Subtraction Background Estimation (MS), which identifies and modifies the pixels extracted from the difference of the background and the current frame. Unlike other works, the first frame is calculated by MS instead of taking the first frame as an initial background. Then, this paper make the foreground segmentation in the noisy scene by foreground detection and then localize these detected areas by analyzing various segmentation methods. Calculation experiments on the challenging public crowd counting dataset achieve the best accuracy than state-of-the-art results. This indicates the effectiveness of the proposed work

Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM)

Resistive Random-Access Memory (ReRAM) technology has been viewed as one of the most reliable non-volatile memories that have are emerging in markets. In this research paper, the revolution of ReRAM will be analyzed. Also, the paper will also review the recent progress in the technological development of ReRAM. The performance parameters of these non-volatile memories such as their operating voltage, operation speed, resistance ratio, endurance, retention time, device yield, and multilevel storage will be analyzed. Integration and reliability of Re-RAM in the practical level is compared with other types of memories. Challenges faced by users of ReRAM are addressed in regards to technological fallbacks among other challenges. Finally, the future research on the ReRAM will be analyzed

Temporary Climate Variability for The Period 1965-2016 in The Pedro Moncayo Canton, Ecuador

The objective of the study was to determine the climatic variability of Pedro Moncayo canton, to establish methodologies for planning and adaptation of the agricultural production systems of the canton. Meteorological data in the period 1965-2016, various aspects of climate variability and the occurrence of extreme events such as the ENSO phenomenon were analyzed, and how they have influenced the air pressure, precipitation and the temperatures of the canton. The Standardized Precipitation Index and the equation created by Fournier were applied. The results show that the average thermal amplitude was 2.46 ° C, the average temperature increase of 0.5 ° C in the whole-time series analyzed. The period of drought corresponds to the months of May to September and to the rainy season of October to April; and the annual average value is 618 mm per year, with a minimum of 409 mm for 2001 and a maximum of 846 mm for 2008. The characterization of the climate variability of the canton will allow corrective measures of territorial planning and formulate a sustainable management plan of the territory

Effect of Shape, Size and Electrical Properties on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)

This paper presents the dependency of SAR distribution in the human brain and eye on the shape, size, and electrical properties for different frequencies. Calculations were carried out using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method. The results indicate that the SAR distribution does not much depend on the shape and size but it depends mainly on the electrical properties of the tissues. There is a drop in the magnitude of the SAR in the brain when moving from a cubical model to the spherical model. There is a magnitude drop in the eye, when going from a spherical model to the cubical model. For both brain and eye, when the size is decreased, the volume is reduced and therefore the electromagnetic energy absorption goes up. The human eye at 2500 MHz was considered to observe how the electrical properties of the tissues affect the electromagnetic energy absorption in an organ. When relative permittivity is perturbed in small percentages with conductivity remaining unchanged; the value of the maximum SAR also changes by small values. However, both these cases, when the electrical properties are changed, the location of maximum SAR remains unchanged. It is exactly at the center of the eye