Extended DDoS Confirmation & Attack Packet Dropping Algorithm in On-Demand Grid Computing Platform

DDoS attacks are thrown through carriage of a large amount of packets to an objective machine, using instantaneous teamwork of numerous hosts which are scattered throughout the Grid computing environment. Nowadays DDoS attacks on the Internet in general and particularly in Grid computing environment has become a visible issue in computer networks and communications. DDoS attacks are cool to provoke but their uncovering is a very problematic and grim task and therefore, an eye-catching weapon for hackers. DDoS torrents do not have familiar characteristics; therefore currently existing IDS cannot identify and discover these attacks perfectly. Correspondingly, there implementation is a puzzling task. In practice, Gossip based DDoS attacks detection apparatus are used to detect such types of attacks in computer networks, by exchanging stream of traffic over line. Gossip based techniques results in network overcrowding and have upstairs of superfluous and additional packets. Keeping the above drawbacks in mind, we have proposed a DDoS detection and prevention mechanism in [1], that has the attractiveness of being easy to adapt and more trustworthy than existing counterparts. We have introduced entropy based detection mechanism for DDoS attack detection. Our proposed solution has no overhead of extra packets, hence resulting in good QoS. Once DDoS is detected, any prevention technique can be used to prevent DDoS in Grid environment. In this paper we are going to extend our idea. A confirmation mechanism is introduced herewith

Production of a diluted solid tracer by dry co-grinding in a tumbling ball mill

This paper presents a study on the production by co-grinding of a diluted solid tracer, sized less than 10 mm and containing less than 2 wt. % of active product, used in the field of grounds contamination and decontamination. Co-grinding was performed in a tumbling ball mill and permits to produce easily a diluted tracer without implementing several apparatus. The two products were ground separately first and then together. The follow-up of the particles size and morphology, as well as the modelling of the grinding kinetics have permitted to propose a mechanism by which the diluted solid tracer is produced. The influence of the operating conditions (nature and initial size of the diluting medium, ball and powder filling rates, proportion of the polluting tracer) on products grinding was studied. Thus, we have defined optimum co-grinding conditions permitting to produce a tracer offering the required properties. These ones are classical for tumbling ball mills. This kind of mill is very interesting since its sizes can easily be extrapolated to answer to an industrial demand

On the role of entanglement in the formation and stability of composite bosons

Wydział FizykiBozony złożone to układy wielociałowe powstałe z wielu podstawowych bozonów lub z parzystej liczby podstawowych fermionów. W ostatnich czasach zasugerowano, że wielkością odpowiedzialną za bozonową własność najprostrzych układów tego typu jest splątanie kwantowe. Ten pomysł zapoczątkował nowy kierunek badań: analizę własności cząstek złożonych w języku teorii informacji kwantowej. Pokażemy, że w szczególnych przypadkach, dwa splątane fermiony mogą wykazywać bozonowe właściwości nawet jeśli znajdują się w dwóch odległych miejscach. Zaproponujemy metodę pozwalającą na przekształcenie stanu dwóch par splątanych fermionów w dwucząstkowy bozonowy stan Foka. Następnie pokażemy, że czasami splątanie może zapewnić stabilność cząstki złożonej. W tym przypadku dynamika nieodziałującej pary splątanych cząstek przypomina dynamikę dwóch oddziałujących cząstek. Ponadto, zbadamy możliwe przyczyny ograniczeń wpływu splątania na zachowanie się cząstek złożonych. Zasada braku sygnalizowania odgrywa tutaj kluczową rolę, co sugeruje, że oddziaływanie między cząstkami może być czasem niezbędne. Ponadto, zaproponuję metodę badania bozonowej własności wielocząstkowych układów fermionowych, która jest oparta na splątaniu wielociałowym. Ta metoda zostanie użyta do zbadania bozonowości stanu podstawowego rozszerzonego modelu Hubbarda w sytuacji kiedy siła oddziaływań pomiędzy cząstkami rośnie.Composite bosons are many-body systems made of many elementary bosons, or an even number of elementary fermions. Recently, it was suggested that quantum entanglement can be understood as the origin of the bosonic character of the simplest systems of this type. This idea motivated a new direction of research: quantum information oriented study of composite particles. We show that, in some special situations, two entangled fermions can exhibit bosonic behaviour while being specially separated. We propose a nonlocal scheme that leads two pairs of entangled fermions to form an analogue of a two-partite bosonic Fock state. Also, we show that in some situations entanglement can provide stability for a composite particle. In this case, the interaction-free dynamics of an entangled bipartite system appear to mimic the behaviour of two interacting particles. In addition, we discuss the possible reasons that can limit the influence of entanglement on the behaviour of composite particles. The no-signalling condition seems to play a crucial role, which suggests that interactions in some situations become necessary. Moreover, I present an entanglement-based method to study the bosonic quality of fermionic multipartite systems. Using this method, I examine the bosonic quality of the ground state of the extended one-dimensional Hubbard model while tuning the strength of interactions

Phasor Estimation for Grid Power Monitoring: Least Square vs. Linear Kalman Filter

International audienc

Evacuation and Repression: The Spaniards' Life in Kazakhstan

When the war erupted between the USSR and Germany, the emigrants who were in the European part of the USSR were evacuated to the eastern republics, including Kazakhstan along with some children from children’s homes. The Spaniards repressed by the Soviet government and the soldiers-prisoners of the “Blue Division” were kept in the Kazakh camps. This paper examines the Spanish emigrants’ life and activities in Kazakhstan, their resettlement from Kazakhstan to the Crimea, and the problem of Spanish emigrants’ conscription in the Soviet Army. Also, the fate of repressed Spaniards who were sent to correctional labor camps in the Karaganda region has been traced.; Cuando estalló la guerra entre la URSS y Alemania, los emigrantes que se encontraban en la parte europea de la URSS fueron evacuados a las repúblicas orientales, incluido Kazajstán, junto con algunos niños de hogares infantiles. Los españoles reprimidos por el gobierno soviético y los soldados-prisioneros del “La División Azul” se mantuvo en los campamentos kazajos. En este artículo se investigan la vida y las actividades de los emigrantes españoles en Kazajistán, el traslado de españoles de Kazajistán a Crimea y el reclutamiento de emigrantes españoles en el ejército soviético. También se observa la suerte de los españoles represaliados que se encuentran en los campamentos de trabajo de la provincia Karaganda

Isomotive dielectrophoresis for enhanced analyses of cell subpopulations.

As the relentless dream of creating a true lab-on-a-chip device is closer to realization than ever before, which will be enabled through efficient and reliable sample characterization systems. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a term used to describe the motion of dielectric particles/ cells, by means of a non-uniform electric field (AC or DC). Cells of different dielectric properties (i.e., size, interior properties, and membrane properties) will act differently under the influence of dielectrophoretic force. Therefore, DEP can be used as a powerful, robust, and flexible tool for cellular manipulation, separation, characterization, and patterning. However, most recent DEP applications focus on trapping, separation, or sorting particles. The true value of DEP lies in its analytical capabilities which can be achieved by utilizing isomotive dielectrophoresis (isoDEP). In isoDEP, the gradient of the electric field-squared is constant, hence, upon the application of electric field, all particles/cells that share the same dielectric properties will feel the same constant dielectrophoretic force i.e., translate through the micro-channel at the same velocity. However, DEP is not the only acting force upon particles inside an isoDEP device, other electrokinetics, including but not limited to electrothermal hydrodynamics, might act on particles simultaneously. Within this dissertation, electrothermal-based experiments have been conducted to assess the effect of such undesired forces. Also, to maximize the relative DEP force over other forces for a given cell/particle size, design parameters such as microchannel width, height, fabrication materials, lid thickness, and applied electric field must be properly tuned. In this work, scaling law analyses were developed to derive design rules that relate those tunable parameters to achieve the desired dielectrophoretic force for cell analysis. Initial results indicated that for a particle suspended in 10 mS/m media, if the channel width and height are below 10 particle diameters, the electrothermal-driven flow is reduced by ∼ 500 times compared to the 500 µm thick conventional isoDEP device. Also, Replacing glass with silicon as the device’s base for an insulative-based isoDEP, reduces the electrothermal induced flow by ∼ 20 times. Within this dissertation, different device designs and fabrication methods were attempted in order to achieve an isoDEP platform that can characterize and differentiate between live and dead phytoplankton cells suspended in the same solution. Unfortunately, unwanted electrokinetics (predicted by the previously mentioned scaling law analysis) prevented comprehensive isoDEP analysis of phytoplankton cells. Due to isoDEP device limitations and other complications, other techniques were pursued to electrically characterize phytoplankton cells in suspension. An electrochemical-based platform utilizing impedance spectroscopy measurements was used to extract the electrical properties of phytoplankton cells in suspension. Impedance spectroscopy spectra were acquired, and the single-shell model was applied to extract the specific membrane capacitance, cytoplasm permittivity, and conductivity of assumingly spherical cells in suspension utilizing Maxwell’s mixture theory of a controlled volume fraction of cells. The impedance of suspensions of algae were measured at different frequencies ranging from 3 kHz to 10 MHz and impedance values were compared to investigate differences between two types of cells by characterizing their change in cytoplasm permittivity and membrane capacitance. Differentiation between healthy control and nitrogen-depleted cultured algae was attempted. The extracted specific membrane capacitances of Chlamydomonas and Selenastrum were 15:57 ± 3:62 and 40:64 ± 12:6 mF/m2 respectively. Successful differentiation based on the specific membrane capacitance of different algae species was achieved. However, no significant difference was noticed between nitrogen abundant and nitrogen depleted cultures. To investigate the potential of isoDEP for cell analysis, a comparison to existing dielectrophoresis-based electrokinetic techniques was encouraged, including electrorotation (ROT) microfluidic platforms. The ROT microfluidic chip was used to characterize M17, HEK293, T-lymphocytes, and Hela single cells. Through hands-on experience with ROT, the advantages and disadvantages of this approach and isoDEP are apparent. IsoDEP proves to be a good characterization tool for subpopulation cell analysis with potential higher throughput compared to ROT while maintaining simple fabrication and operation processes. To emphasize the role of dielectrophoresis in biology, further studies utilizing the 3DEP analytical system were used to determine the electrical properties of Drosophila melanogaster (Kc167) cells ectopically expressing Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins from the anhydrobiotic brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana. Dielectrophoretic-based characterization data demonstrates that single expression of two different LEA proteins, AfrLEA3m and AfrLEA6, both increase cytoplasmic conductivity of Kc167 cells to a similar extend above control values. The extracted DEP data supported previously reported data suggesting that AfrLEA3m can interact directly with membranes during water stress. This hypothesis was strengthened using scanning electron microscopy, where cells expressing AfrLEA3m were found to retain their spherical morphology during desiccation, while control cells exhibited a larger variety of shapes in the desiccated state