Khaldunian Understanding of Economico-Legal Philosophy: A Living Mechanism for Civilizational Existence

İbn Haldun mütebahhir İslam bilginlerinden biridir. Her ne kadar hakkındaki biyografik kaynakların ileri sürdüğü üzere sosyoloji, hukuk, tarih yazımı ve politik ekonomi gibi çok geniş alanlardaki çalışmalara iştirak etmiş olsa da kendisi daha çok tarih yazımı ile ilgili katkılarıyla tanınmaktadır. Dolayısıyla onun, modern öncesi olmasına karşın post modern ekonomik problemlere dahi yeteri kadar cevap verebilecek ehliyete sahip olan dinamik ekonomik anlayışı neredeyse birçokları için bir terra incognita olarak kalmış vaziyettedir. Bu makale, doktrinel metot ve karşılaştırmalı hukuki yaklaşımı benimseyerek, hususi olarak kesb, maaş ve (daha sonra KAMAJ olarak bahsedilecek) cibayet (vergi) düşüncelerinin esas niteliklerini ele alıp İbn Haldun’un iktisadi görüşlerini keşfetmeye çalışmakta ve karşılıklı olarak münhasır bir çerçeve içerisinde geliştirilip işlendiği takdirde bu üç aracın belirli bir milleti nasıl canlandırıp ilerleteceğini ve yokluğunun da, özellikle cibayet politikasının düzmece şekilde tesis edildiği bir durumda, üretim endüstrisinin nasıl aşınabileceğini ve buna mukabil nasıl bir milleti medeniyet atlasında kaybolmaya ve çöküşün yıkıcı eşiğine sürükleyebileceğini incelemektedir. Böylesi bir sunumla bu çalışma, İbn Haldun’un iktisadi kavramlarının -bazı akademisyenlerin gördüğü üzere ekonomi biliminin teorileşmesinin bir öncüsü değil- batı iktisadi düşüncesine yönelik daha iyi bir alternatif olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.Ibn Khaldun is one of the erudite Islamic polymaths. Though he had contributed, as the biographic corpus suggests, to wide range of sociology, jurisprudence, historiography and economico-political philosophy, Ibn Khaldun is best known for his historiographical contribution. Hence his dynamic economic understanding, though pre-modern yet well capable of answering even the postmodern economic questions, almost remains terra incognita to many people. This paper, in adopting doctrinal method and comparative jurisprudential approach, has attempted to explore Khaldunian economic views with special focus on examining the core characteristics of three ideas of kasb maʻāsh and jibāyah (later referred to as KAMAJ) as to how these three tools, if developed and cultivated in a mutually exclusive framework, make a given nation blossom and flourish, and absence of which, especially rigging jibāyah (taxation) policy, may corrode production industries, consequentially leading a given country to the cataclysmic escalation of decadence and disappearance from civilizational cartography. By so presenting, the study has demonstrated that Khaldunian economic conceptions would be a better alternative-not pioneer in the theorization of economics as seen by some academics-to the western economic thought

PERILAKU KEPEMIMPINAN KIAI DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN ASSALAFIYAH LUWUNGRAGI BREBES JAWA TENGAH

Penelitian ini berjudul “Perilaku Kepemimpinan Kiai dalam Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiyah Luwungragi Brebes Jawa Tengah”. Permasalahan yang akan dikaji penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah : 1) Bagaimana perilaku kepemimpinan kiai yang berorientasi tugas dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiyah Luwungragi Brebes Jawa Tengah?, 2) Bagaimana perilaku kepemimpinan kiai yang berorientasi hubungan dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiyah Luwungragi Brebes Jawa Tengah?. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk memperoleh gambaran yang jelas mengenai perilaku kepemimpinan kiai yang berorientasi tugas dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiyah Luwungragi Brebes Jawa Tengah, 2) Untuk memperoleh gambaran yang jelas mengenai perilaku kepemimpinan kiai yang berorientasi hubungan dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Assalafiyah Luwungragi Brebes Jawa Tengah. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Sedangkan metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Menggunakan teknik purpose sampling dan mengunakan analisis data line by line. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa kiai cenderung direktif dengan cara mendefinisikan peran dan memerintahkan tentang apa, bagaimana, kapan, dan di mana Assatidz atau bawahan melaksanakan tugasnya. Komunikasi yang terjadi hanya satu arah yaitu dari kiai yang memberi perintah kepada Assatidz yang menerima perintah. Adapun perilaku kepemimpinan kiai yang berorientasi hubungan cenderung dominan pada perilaku memberi dukungan dan mengembangkan, sedangkan untuk perilaku memberikan pengakuan masih kurang implementasinya. This study is entitled "Kiai’s Leadership Behavior in the Implementation of Education in Assalafiyah Boarding School, Luwungragi, Brebes, Central Java". Problems discussed by the writer in this study are: 1) How does the Kiai’s leadership behavior in implementing task-oriented technique in Assalafiyah Boarding School, Luwungragi, Brebes, Central Java? 2) How does the Kiai’s leadership behavior in implementing relationship-oriented technique in Assalafiyah Boarding School, Luwungragi, Brebes, Central Java? The aim of this study are: 1) To obtain a clear picture of the Kiai’s leadership behavior in implementing task-oriented technique in Assalafiyah Boarding School, Luwungragi, Brebes, Central Java? 2) To obtain a clear picture of Kiai’s leadership behavior in implementing relationship-oriented technique in Assalafiyah Boarding School, Luwungragi, Brebes, Central Java? Data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. While the method of data analysis used is descriptive qualitative method using purpose sampling techniques and line by line data analysis. The conclusion of this study shows that the Kiai tend to be directive by defining roles and ordering about what, how, when, and where Assatidz or subordinate conduct their duties. Communication occurs only in one direction, it is from the Kiai who give orders to Assatidz who take orders. However, Kiai’s leadership behaviors who implements the relationship-oriented technique tend to dominantly show supports and development, while giving recognition behavior is still lacking of implementation

Proses Sosialisasi Dalam Organisasi Di Kalangan Staf Akademik Baru

This study aim to observe the relation and the influence of demographic characteristics and socialization factors that might have the impact on the time to proficiency of new academic staff in UUM, Sintok and UiTM, Arau. One hundred and thirty two questionnaires were distributed, out of which ninety questionnaires were completed and returned. The descriptive statistic were used to analyzed demographic background of the respondent. Statistical analysis used were the Pearson-r correlation, one way ANOVA and regression. The result of the studies revealed that, generally, the time taken to proficiency of new academic staff at UUM and UiTM were influenced by the socialization tactic factor and the role clarity. When compared, it was found that the time to profiency of the academic staff at UUM were influenced by the role clarity while the academic staff at UiTM were not influenced by any of the factors. It was further observed that all of the independent variables has a significant relation to the dependent variable, either to the academic staff at UUM and as well as the academic staff at UiTM. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that the relevant authorities need to give due attention to the process of proficiency and the factors that influenced the process among the new academic staff. The faster the process were completed, the more likely the cost can be saved by the organizations

Using a priori algorithm for supporting e-commerce system

The Internet technology has brought about a significant impact in doing business. It promotes the new way of doing business by enabling new system such as electronic commerce (e-commerce) to the worldwide users. Currently, the e-commerce system does not only provide electronic transactions like online payment, electronic cart shopping and ordering, and online tracking, but it must also be able to support a good relationship with their customers by providing a creative way in its business operations. It is because of many organizations having to maintain their customers by serving a good customer satisfaction. Lack understanding of the customers will cause an organization loss their customers and then would loss the company profit. This paper demonstrates the development of e-commerce system by focusing on the use of a Priori algorithm as supported feature in our e-commerce system. The feature is included to increase a good customer relationship management for the proposed system. It is hoped the proposed prototype would illustrate some practical ideas on how much advantages can be benefited from the e-commerce system and customer relationship management

U-shaped bilayer graphene channel transistor with very high Ion/Ioff ratio

A novel graphene transistor architecture is reported. The transistor has a U-shaped geometry and was fabricated using a gallium focused ion beam (FIB). The channel conductance was tuned with a back gate. The Ion/Ioff ratio exceeded 10E5

A Gossip Algorithm based Clock Synchronization Scheme for Smart Grid Applications

The uprising interest in multi-agent based networked system, and the numerous number of applications in the distributed control of the smart grid leads us to address the problem of time synchronization in the smart grid. Utility companies look for new packet based time synchronization solutions with Global Positioning System (GPS) level accuracies beyond traditional packet methods such as Network Time Proto- col (NTP). However GPS based solutions have poor reception in indoor environments and dense urban canyons as well as GPS antenna installation might be costly. Some smart grid nodes such as Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), fault detection, Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) etc., requires synchronous accuracy as low as 1 ms. On the other hand, 1 sec accuracy is acceptable in management information domain. Acknowledging this, in this study, we introduce gossip algorithm based clock synchronization method among network entities from the decision control and communication point of view. Our method synchronizes clock within dense network with a bandwidth limited environment. Our technique has been tested in different kinds of network topologies- complete, star and random geometric network and demonstrated satisfactory performance

ANALISA ENERGI DAN EKSERGI TURBIN UAP PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP UNIT 2 TANJUNG AWAR-AWAR

AbstrakSumber energi sistem pembangkit tenaga listrik berkapasitas besar saat ini masih di dominasi oleh bahanbakar fosil yang semakin menipis ketersediaanya. Setiap peralatan pembangkit yang beroperasi tidakefektif dan efisien merupakan sumber kerugian energi. Penelitian ini menganalisa kerugian energi padaperalatan turbin uap di PLTU Tanjung Awar-Awar. Analisa kerugian energi ini menggunakan konsepHukum I dan Hukum II Termodinamika. Hukum pertama termodinamika menunjukan kerugian energibersifat kuantitatif. Hukum kedua termodinamika menunjukan keefektifan penggunaan eksergi sebagaibatasan potensi energi dalam sistem yang bersifat kualitatif. Batasan keefektifan suatu sistem dipengaruhioleh parameter temperatur lingkungan. Tujuan pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui laju kerugian ataukehilangan energi dalam sistem serta mengetahui potensi kerugian energi yang dapat dilakukan perbaikan.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan besar efisiensi energi turbin uap rata-rata sebesar 91,48 % dengan lajukerugian energi rata-rata sebesar 31,11 MW dari total energi yang masuk system. Efisiensi eksergi rata-ratapada turbin uap sebesar 94,08 % dengan laju kerusakan eksergi rata-rata pada turbin uap sebesar 25,98MW dari total eksergi total masuk sistem. Dari total potensi energi yang masuk sistem rata-rata energiyang termanfaatkan sebesar 93,30 %, kemudian besar peluang energi yang masih bisa ditingkatkan ratarata1,33 % dari total potensi energi yang tersedia.Kata Kunci: Efisiensi, Efektifitas, Turbin Uap, Analisis Energi Dan Analisis Eksergi.AbstractEnergy source system of large-capacity power plants currently in the domination by fossil fuels aredepleting for availability. Each operating plant equipment is not effective and efficient source of energylosses. This research analyzes the energy losses on the equipment steam turbine in Tanjung Awar-Awarpower plant. Analysis of loss of energy it uses the concept of Law I and II Law of thermodynamics. Firstlaw thermodinamika showed losses of energy are quantitative. Second law thermodinamika showedeffectiveness the use of exergy as a limitation of the potential energy in the system are purely qualitative.Effectiveness limits a system affected by parameters temperature environment. The purpose of thisresearch to find out the rate of losses or loss of energy in the system as well as knowing the potential lossof energy can do the repairs. The results of the research indicate large steam turbine energy efficiency onaverage by 91.48% energy loss rate with an average of 31.11 MW of the total energy that enters thesystem. The efficiency of the average exergy on steam turbine of 94.08% with the rate of damage to exergyon average of 25.98 MW steam turbine of total exergy total entry system. Of the total potential energy ofthe incoming system average energy termanfaatkan of 93.30%, then great opportunities of energy that canstill be improved an average of 1.33% of total potential energy available.Keywords: Efficiency, Effectiveness, Steam Turbines, Energy Analysis And Exergy Analysis

Composition and Diversity of Aquatic Insects at Hutan Lipur Bukit Soga Perdana, Batu Pahat, Johor

Human activities such as agriculture would negatively affect the quality of water sources and becomes a factor to the reduction of the composition of aquatic insects. A study was conducted to determine the composition of aquatic insects and correlation made between its composition and habitat in Soga Perdana Amenity Forest  or locally known as Hutan Lipur Soga Perdana (HLSP), Batu Pahat, Johor. Samples were collected by using Kicking net for three days. A total of 794 individuals of aquatic insects representing 31 families from seven orders were collected. The orders ranked from the most family rich to the least showed that Diptera has seven families (22.6%); Trichoptera six families (19.4%); Ephemeroptera with five families (16.1%); Odonata, four families (12.9%); Coleoptera, four families (12.9%), Hemiptera, three families (9.7%) and Plecoptera, two  (6.5%). Most abundant were from families Leptophelibidae (Ephemeroptera with 131 individuals), Simuliidae (Diptera with 95 individuals) and Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera with 92 individuals). Further analysis were carried out using several assessment index which were normally used. In this study Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI), Biological  Monitoring Working Party (BWMP) and EPT index were calculated. Results showed that HLBSP water body is of good quality and observed to be free from any anthropogenic activities. Eventhough with quantitatively limited supply, the available water bodies in this area supported high taxa richness with 31 families. For future conservation, works to preserve water bodies at HLBSP have to be done, since it is a water supply to maintain the forest regeneration in the reserve. Maintaining HLBSP is critical, because it plays an important ecological role as the green lung for the highly industrial district of Batu Pahat