Synaptic transmission as a cooperative phenomenon in confined systems

In this review paper, the theory of synaptic transmission (ST) was developed and discussed. We used the hypothesis of isomorphism between: (a) the cooperative behavior of mediators --- acetylcholine molecules (ACh) and cholinoreceptors in a synaptic cleft with binding into mediator-receptor (AChR) complexes, (b) the critical phenomena in confined binary liquid mixtures. The systems of two (or three) nonlinear differential equations were proposed to find the change of concentrations of ACh, AChR complexes, and ferment acetylcholinesterase. The main findings of our study: the linear size of the activation zone was evaluated; the process of postsynaptic membrane activation was described as a cooperative process; different approximations of ACh synchronous release were examined; stationary states and types of singular points were studied for the proposed models of ST; the nonlinear kinetic model with three order parameters demonstrated a strange-attractor behavior.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

Improving rock classification in terms of explosivity

Purpose. To improve rock classification in terms of explosivity relying upon the detailed analysis of characteristics of rating classifications available in the Russian Federation and in the world. Methods. Complex approach has been applied involving comparison of sizes of particle-size fractions determined in terms of both national and the world standards; information gathering and processing as for the available classifications intended to identify difficulties of rock explosivity; compilation of comparative systematic of classifications or methods being considered. Findings. Both national and the world rock classifications in terms of explosivity have been considered. While comparing national classifications as for the difficulties of rock mass failure (i.e. explosivity), a comparative table has been compiled where the most popular rock classifications are compared. Analysis of the world practices, concerning compilation of rock classifications in terms of explosivity, has shown that their approaches differ from Russian ones slightly. In the first instance, they are empiric dependences being calculated for each rock mass type separately in any single case. It has been determined that geomechanical classification of D. Lobshir (MRMR) is the most popular and rating world system to evaluate rock explosivity. It has been demonstrated that while compiling such classifications, foreign scientific writers put an emphasis on physical and mechanical indices of rocks (i.e. density, fissility, compression strength, tensile strength etc.) as well as on mine engineering ones (i.e. line of the least resistance, well diameter and depth, stope height etc.) which determines essential reliability of calculation of drilling-and-blasting parameters. Originality. The research is the first stage of the development of the unified transition classification from Russian explosivity scales to the comparable world methodic practices as for rock mass explosivity. Practical implications. To perform rapid transition from one explosivity classification to the other. The findings are recommended to be used while projecting drilling and blasting operations in the context of any types of minerals and in the context of academic activity.Мета. Вдосконалення класифікації гірських порід за вибуховістю на основі детального аналізу особливостей існуючих російських і закордонних рейтингових класифікацій. Методика. Застосовано комплексний методичний підхід, що включає зіставлення розмірів гранулометричних фракцій, які визначали згідно вітчизняним і закордонним стандартам; збір та обробка інформації щодо існуючих класифікацій визначення труднощів вибуховості гірських порід; складання зіставної класифікації розглянутих класифікацій або методик. Результати. Розглянуто вітчизняні та закордонні класифікації гірських порід за вибуховістю. При порівнянні вітчизняних класифікацій в частині труднощів руйнування гірського масиву (вибуховості) була побудована порівняльна таблиця, в якій між собою зіставляються найбільш популярні класифікації гірських порід. При аналізі закордонного досвіду складання класифікацій гірських порід за вибуховістю було виявлено, що їх мето- ди дещо відрізняються від російських, і являють собою емпіричні залежності, та розраховуються для кожного типу масиву в кожному окремому випадку індивідуально. Встановлено, що найбільш популярною і рейтинговою системою для оцінки вибуховості гірських порід за кордоном є геомеханічна класифікація Д.Х. Лабшіра (MRMR). Показано, що закордонні автори, при складанні класифікацій, роблять акцент не лише на фізико- механічних показниках гірських порід (щільності, тріщинуватості, межі міцності на стиск і розтяг і т.д.), але й на гірничотехнічних (лінія найменшого опору, діаметр та глибина свердловини, висота забою і т.д.), що визначає суттєву достовірність розрахунку параметрів буропідривних робіт. Наукова новизна. Представлена робота є першим кроком до розробки єдиної перехідної класифікації від російських шкал за вибуховістю до аналогічних закордонних методичним практикам в частині вибуховості гірського масиву. Практична значимість полягає в можливості швидкого переведення однієї класифікації за вибуховістю в іншу. Результати роботи рекомендується використовувати при проектуванні буропідривних робіт на всіх типах родовищ корисних копалин, а також у навчальному процесі.Цель. Совершенствование классификации горных пород по взрываемости на основе детального анализа особенностей существующих российских и зарубежных рейтинговых классификаций. Методика. Применен комплексный методический подход, включающий сопоставление размеров гранулометрических фракций, определяемых по отечественным и зарубежным стандартам; сбор и обработка информации о существующих классификациях определения трудности взрываемости горных пород; составление сопоставительной классификации рассматриваемых классификаций или методик. Результаты. Рассмотрены отечественные и зарубежные классификации горных пород по взрываемости. При сравнении отечественных классификаций в части трудности разрушения горного массива (взрываемости) была построена сопоставительная таблица, в которой между собой сопоставляются наиболее популярные классификации горных пород. При анализе зарубежного опыта составления классификаций горных пород по взрываемости было выявлено, что их методы несколько отличаются от российских, и представляют собой эмпирические зависимости, и рассчитываются для каждого типа массива в каждом отдельном случае индивидуально. Установлено, что наиболее популярной и рейтинговой системой для оценки взрываемости горных пород за рубежом является геомеханическая классификация Д.Х. Лабшира (MRMR). Показано, что зарубежные авторы, при составлении классификаций, делают акцент не только на физико-механические показатели горных пород (плотность, трещиноватость, пределы прочности на сжатие и растяжение и т.д.), но и на горнотехнические (линия наименьшего сопротивления, диаметр и глубина скважины, высота забоя и т.д.), что определяет существенную достоверность расчёта параметров буровзрывных работ. Научная новизна. Представленная работа является первым шагом к разработке единой переходной классификации от российских шкал по взрываемости к аналогичным зарубежным методическим практикам в части взрываемости горного массива. Практическая значимость. Заключается в возможности быстрого перевода одной классификации по взрываемости в другую. Результаты работы рекомендуется использовать при проектировании буровзрывных работ на всех типах месторождений полезных ископаемых, а также в учебном процессе.The research is carried out by a team of authors of Mine and Underground Construction Department at Siberian Federal University as part of a grant of the Russian Federation President for governmental support of young Russian scientists-Candidates of Sciences (МК-1178.2018.8)

Reward and Recognition: Student Led Teaching Awards Report

This report presents the findings from an analysis of student nominations for teaching and learning excellence awards based on data from Students' Unions participating in the 2011-12 round of the Higher Education Academy (HEA) and National Union of Students (NUS) Student Led Teaching Awards (SLTA) Project

In their own words: Analysing students’ comments from the Postgraduate Taught Experience Survey

This report presents findings from an analysis of free text comments left by students in the PTES 2014. It is the first attempt to look closely at the feedback of PGT students at the sector level to identify the dominant themes within taught postgraduate education. The report focuses on four areas of the survey: student expectations and perceptions of quality of teaching and learning; engagement with their study; the most enjoyable element of their experience; and what needs to be improved

Impact of student government bodies on students’ professional development

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the introduction of student government models in the professional development of students is one of the most effective mechanisms for developing the competence of the future graduates, which may significantly increase the demand for them in the labour market in future. The purpose of the article is to develop a model for setting up a functioning student government body, to present the results of implementing the given structural-functional model, to study the positive effect of the student government body on the professional development of students, as well as on the integration of formal and non-formal education. The article describes a model for setting up a functioning student government body, presents the results of implementing the structural-functional model of the student government body, specifies the basic conditions for effective work of the student government body, examines the positive impact of the student government body on the professional development of students, investigates the influence of the student government body on the integration of formal and non-formal education. The model is aimed at increasing the impact of student government on the effectiveness of professional development at the university; it is also oriented towards the development of non-formal education environment of the university. © 2016 Dorozhkin, Zaitseva & Tatarskikh

БОРЬБА ЗА URBS: ЮСТИНИАН И СЕНАТОРСКАЯ АРИСТОКРАТИЯ РИМА

The article considers the goals and results of the stay of Roman senators, who fled after the capture of Rome by the Goths in 546, in Constantinople. The study is based on the reports of Procopius of Caesarea, Liber Pontificalis and acts of the Fifth Ecumenical Council. After they had lost the patronage of the Gothic authorities and began to fear for their property due to hostilities in Italy, Roman aristocrats were looking for a way to maintain their former dominant position in the city. Going to Constantinople, the senators hoped to convince the Byzantine emperor to oppose the Goths and regain control of Rome, which would allow them to take back their privileged status. However, Emperor Justinian I tried to use their arrival for his own purposes. The ruler was busy with religious problems. He made an agreement with senators, according to which they pledged to take part in the 5th Ecumenical Council and to support the emperor’s position in the dispute over the Three Chapters. In return, the aristocrats received the promise of the speedy liberation of Italy from the barbarians. Using a comparative and historical-anthropological approach, the author traces the influence of military operations in Italy and the forced resettlement of some senators to the East on the extinction of the Roman senatorial order. Senators’ hopes for the restoration of the emperor’s individual rule in Rome turned out to be in vain. Having conquered the Apennine peninsula, Justinian retained control of the former capital. As a result, the senators finally lost their previous power in Rome and the Roman senatorial order fell into decay. After the publication of Pragmatica sanctio, aristocrats acted as mediators, first between the emperor and the church, and then between the church authorities and the laity privately. © 2020, Perm State University. All rights reserved

О возможности дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы человека методом аускультации

Development of technical base, software, accumulated information on the diagnosis of the respiratory system provided the prerequisites for creating remote diagnostics of the human respiratory system through auscultation. The known methods do not solve the problem of determining auscultation points at patent´s housing without a diagnostic specialist. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for remote diagnostics of the respiratory system which provides ability to determine the points of auscultation without presence of a diagnostic specialist. The definition of auscultation points is provided using a computer program that allows to calculate the points´ coordinates based on the coordinates of points that determine the anatomical structure of the patient's torso. The patient or his assistant places the recording device at the auscultation points combining their images on the display with the image of the location of the recording device. The signal recorded at the auscultation point is remotely transmitted to a specialist for direct analysis and/or computer processing. The diagnostic module consists of two main units. The first unit contains a stethoscope, microphone, and amplifier connected to a mobile phone or other similar device containing an accelerometer. The patient or his assistant at the housing uses the unit. The second unit is a mobile phone with a mechanical marker or a computer with the ability to access the network in conjunction with the necessary software and is used remotely by a diagnostic specialist. The layout of the unit for recording and transmitting breath sounds was made. To avoid discrepancies in the diagnostic results the technical characteristics of the module elements must be normalized. Unified software is required for the module to function. The organizational tasks that need to be solved for the implementation of diagnostics are formulated. Use of the method of remote diagnostics of the respiratory system, providing the ability to determine points of auscultation without the direct presence of a diagnostic specialist and the module will allow increasing efficiency of treatment of pulmonary diseases reduce infection risks and economic costs

Investigating the Relationship Between Student Engagement and Transition

Failure to establish meaningful and effective transition for undergraduates can lead to academic underachievement. Student engagement represents a key component of student success. This study sought to investigate the impact of a bespoke transition programme featuring a wide range of innovative, student-centred activities on enhancing students’ engagement with educationally effective practices through examining student relations with others, learning and the discipline. For the study 104 undergraduates on a Sport Development course at a British university undertook a five-week transition programme. Data were collected via weekly questionnaires and focus groups at the end of weeks 1, 3 and 5. The investigation revealed that transition programmes require a high-intensity, novel and varied timetable supported by a student-centred staff team. Effective transition programmes can enhance students’ engagement with educationally effective practices. Future research should investigate the longer-term impact of such programmes