Oedipus In Folktale Tradition

تتناول هذه الورقة إحدى أشهر القصص في الحضارة الغربية. وترجع شهرتها بالمقام الأول، إلى مسرحية سوفوكلس " الملك أوديب ". وتتحدث القصة عن زوجين ملكيين عرفا أن طفلهما المتوقع، حينما يبلغ مرحلة الرجولة، سوف يقتل أباه، ويتزوج أمه. وبناء على ذلك قاما باستبعاد المولود. وتتحقق النبوءة، وحين تعرف الأم السر المخيف، تنتحر، ويفقأ أوديب عينيه. لقد صيغت حول هذه القصة نظريات كثيرة، في حقول معرفية مختلفة. على سبيل المثال في الدراسات الكلاسيكية، والأدب المقارن، والعلوم الطبيعية، وعلم النفس، وعلم الأنثروبولوجيا، وعلم اللغة، وعلم الفولكلور. وعد بعض العلماء القصة أسطورة، على حين نظر آخرون إليها على أنها خرافة، ولكن فقط علماء الفولكلور عرفوا بوجود حكايات تروى بصورة شفهية، وهي موازية لأسطورة أوديب. وبناء على ذلك فإن غاية هذا البحث الأساسية هي مقارنة الحكاية الإغريقية مع مثيلاتها في التراث الشعبي. ولكي يتحقق ذلك ينبغي على الدارس أن يميز بين نوعين من الحكايات، أحدهما النص الذي ورد في كتاب أرن- تومبسون، طراز 931. وكذلك في الطرز الأخرى التي اشتملت على جزئية من حكاية أوديب. ويرجح الدارسون أن النوع الثاني من طرز الحكايات ربما يشكل إبداعا مستقلا.This paper deals with one of the most famous narratives in Western civilization. Its fame is due primarily to Sophocles’ play ‘Oedipus the King’. The story tells about a royal couple who learn that their expected child, when reaching manhood, will kill his father and marry his mother. Accordingly, they expel the newly born infant. The prediction, however, becomes a reality. At learning the horrific secret, the mother commits suicide, and Oedipus pierces his eyes. Many studies and theoretical assumptions in diverse fields of knowledge have been formulated around this tale, including Classics, Comparative Literature, Natural Sciences, Psychology, Anthropology, Linguistics and Folklore. Some consider the story of Oedipus as myth, while others look at it as legend. It is only Folklorists who would know that there are oral tales cognate to the Oedipus legend. Against this backdrop, the main goal of this study is to compare the ancient Greek legend to its counterparts in folk tradition. In order to do that, one should differentiate between two kinds of tales. One kind is the versions of Aarne-Thompson tale type 931, and the other kind is the tales which only have an Oedipus theme. Scholars believe that the second kind is probably an independent creation

Pembangunan tanah & halangannya

Pembangunan tanah merupakan penggerak utama pembangunan negara. Namun, pembangunan tanah melibatkan proses yang rumit. Antara puncanya adalah terdapat pelbagai halangan yang boleh menyebabkan pembangunan tanah tidak dapat dijalankan. Secara umum, halangan pembangunan tanah boleh dikategorikan mengikut faktor sosial, ekonomi, dan perundangan. Halangan pembangunan boleh juga dikategorikan secara faktor luaran dan dalaman. Kajian literatur menunjukkan secara amnya halangan pembangunan tanah boleh dibahagikan kepada halangan luaran dan halangan dalaman. Kajian literatur tentang faktor dalaman menumpu pada sikap pemilik dan pihak yang berkepentingan. Faktor luaran pula termasuklah undang-undang pembangunan tanah yang berkaitan. Selain faktor luaran dan dalaman, kehendak dan keperluan penduduk dalam memajukan tanah mereka perlu diberi perhatian. Kajian empirik yang dijalankan di Pulau Duyong, Kuala Terengganu menunjukkan matlamat kerajaan untuk melihat pembangunan tanah yang diberi milik tidak kesampaian kerana halangan luaran dan sikap pemilik serta penduduk setempat yang dipengaruhi oleh persepsi, motif, dan strategi mereka. Penduduk juga ingin mengekalkan persekitaran sedia ada sebagai keperluan penduduk setempat. Buku ini sesuai sebagai rujukan kepada pelajar di institusi pengajian tinggi terutamanya dalam bidang alam bina, pembinaan, bangunan, seni bina, ukur tanah, ukur bahan, penilaian harta, pentadbiran dan pembangunan tanah, perancangan bandar, dan perumahan serta pembaca umum yang berminat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam bidang pembangunan tanah

A New Equivalent Circuit of a Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine and Its Phasor Interpretation

This paper examines a shortcoming of the classical phasor diagram of a salient-pole synchronous machine based on the well-established two-reaction theory. Unlike in the phasor diagram of a smooth-air-gap machine, it is not possible to readily identify the internally-developed electromagnetic power of a salient-pole synchronous machine from this phasor diagram. By defining new machine reactances, a single equivalent circuit of a salient-pole synchronous machine is proposed together with a phasor diagram where the internally-developed electromagnetic power is made apparent. The revised two-reaction theory is illustrated using the mathematical model of a two-phase salient-pole synchronous machine whose equations are manipulated using complex space vectors instead of traditional matrix transformations

Mitigation of Distribution Voltage Violations Using Single-Phase Residential Static VAr Compensators

An alternative method to support the voltage at the end of a distribution feeder using residential static VAR compensators (RSVCs) is presented. The distribution feeder and the RSVCs were modeled using OpenDSS and validated by comparing the results of measured data with the output of the model. Results show that the use of RSVCs on the low side of the service transformers is an efficient way to mitigate low- and high-voltage violations in the distribution feeder. During a onemonth evaluation of the system, the results show that the use of RSVCs was able to eliminate all voltage violations below 113 V and it reduced the number of voltage violations under 114 V by 88%

Modelling and Analysis of Resource Management Schemes in Wireless Networks. Analytical Models and Performance Evaluation of Handoff Schemes and Resource Re-Allocation in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Wireless Cellular Networks.

Over recent years, wireless communication systems have been experiencing a dramatic and continuous growth in the number of subscribers, thus placing extra demands on system capacity. At the same time, keeping Quality of Service (QoS) at an acceptable level is a critical concern and a challenge to the wireless network designer. In this sense, performance analysis must be the first step in designing or improving a network. Thus, powerful mathematical tools for analysing most of the performance metrics in the network are required. A good modelling and analysis of the wireless cellular networks will lead to a high level of QoS. In this thesis, different analytical models of various handoff schemes and resource re-allocation in homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless cellular networks are developed and investigated. The sustained increase in users and the request for advanced services are some of the key motivations for considering the designing of Hierarchical Cellular Networks (HCN). In this type of system, calls can be blocked in a microcell flow over to an overlay macrocell. Microcells in the HCN can be replaced by WLANs as this can provide high bandwidth and its users have limited mobility features. Efficient sharing of resources between wireless cellular networks and WLANs will improve the capacity as well as QoS metrics. This thesis first presents an analytical model for priority handoff mechanisms, where new calls and handoff calls are captured by two different traffic arrival processes, respectively. Using this analytical model, the optimised number of channels assigned to II handover calls, with the aim of minimising the drop probability under given network scenarios, has been investigated. Also, an analytical model of a network containing two cells has been developed to measure the different performance parameters for each of the cells in the network, as well as altogether as one network system. Secondly, a new solution is proposed to manage the bandwidth and re-allocate it in a proper way to maintain the QoS for all types of calls. Thirdly, performance models for microcells and macrocells in hierarchical cellular networks have been developed by using a combination of different handoff schemes. Finally, the microcell in HCN is replaced by WLANs and a prioritised vertical handoff scheme in an integrated UMTS/WLAN network has been developed. Simulation experiments have been conducted to validate the accuracy of these analytical models. The models have then been used to investigate the performance of the networks under different scenarios

Cyber-Physical Security Assessment and Resilience of a Microgrid Testbed

In order to identify potential weakness in communication and data in transit, a microgrid testbed is being developed at Boise State University. This testbed will be used to verify microgrid models and communication methods in an effort to increase the resiliency of these systems to cyber-attacks. If vulnerabilities are found in these communication methods, then risk mitigation techniques will be developed to address them

Ontology-based search system using hierarchical structure design

Major retrieval issues on conventional online database search systems faced by novice researchers are identified and described. An ontology-based search framework is proposed. The framework consists of five elements: (1) user, (2) query, (3) query interface, (4) search process, and (5) result. The query interface is designed based on the ontology hierarchical structure in the ontology datastore and is represented as keywords/sub-keywords structures in the query interface. Ontology enables relationships between keywords and terms to be defined. Ontology allows desired information to be retrieved by sharing common vocabularies with an understanding of meaning of terms in the domain. A prototype system is developed based on the design science methodology selected to guide the system development. The system will process the search query once the query is sent. The search process will look for the matched documents and return results to the user. The results that are returned to the users will be reviewed and users have the option to repeat the process if the results do not fulfil the query made. The system development takes into account problems identification in the database search environment and motivation in improving and extending current limitations

Ontology-based search system using hierarchical structure design

Major retrieval issues on conventional online database search systems faced by novice researchers are identified and described. An ontology-based search framework is proposed. The framework consists of five elements: (1) user, (2) query, (3) query interface, (4) search process, and (5) result. The query interface is designed based on the ontology hierarchical structure in the ontology datastore and is represented as keywords/sub-keywords structures in the query interface. Ontology enables relationships between keywords and terms to be defined. Ontology allows desired information to be retrieved by sharing common vocabularies with an understanding of meaning of terms in the domain. A prototype system is developed based on the design science methodology selected to guide the system development. The system will process the search query once the query is sent. The search process will look for the matched documents and return results to the user. The results that are returned to the users will be reviewed and users have the option to repeat the process if the results do not fulfil the query made. The system development takes into account problems identification in the database search environment and motivation in improving and extending current limitations

Risk factors for hepatitis C infection among adult patients in Kedah state, Malaysia: a case-control study

Hepatitis C infection is a global public health problem. This study was designed to identify the risk factors associated with hepatitis C infection among adult patients in Kedah state, Malaysia. A matched, hospital-based, case–control study was conducted at a tertiary hospital. Cases were adult (aged ≥ 18 years) patients with positive serology test results for hepatitis C virus antibody and detectable hepatitis C virus RNA from January 2015 to December 2018, and controls were age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched patients who were not infected with hepatitis C virus. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic characteristics and previous exposure to selected risk factors among the study participants. Associations between hepatitis C and demographic and risk factors were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 255 case–control patient pairs were enrolled. The multivariable analysis indicated that having a history of blood or blood product transfusion before 1992 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.73–13.81), injection drug use (AOR = 6.60, 95% CI: 3.66–12.43), imprisonment (AOR = 4.58, 95% CI: 1.62–16.40), tattooing (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.37–12.00), having more than one sexual partner (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.16–3.69), piercing (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.04–2.80), and having only secondary education (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.06–3.57) were independently associated with hepatitis C. No associations were found between health care occupation, needle-prick injury, surgical procedures, haemodialysis, acupuncture, cupping, or contact sports and hepatitis C infection. These findings demonstrate that hepatitis C risk is multifactorial. Having a history of blood or blood product transfusion before 1992, injection drug use, imprisonment, tattooing, having more than one sexual partner, piercing, and having only secondary education were associated with increased odds of hepatitis C