Impact of nonlinear thermal radiation on stagnation-point flow of a Carreau nanofluid past a nonlinear stretching sheet with binary chemical reaction and activation energy

This research peruses the characteristics of nanoparticles on stagnation point flow of a generalized Newtonian Carreau fluid past a nonlinear stretching sheet with nonlinear thermal radiation. The process of mass transfer is modeled using activation energy and binary chemical reaction along with the Brownian motion and thermophoresis. For energy activation a modified Arrhenius function is invoked. With regard to the solution of the governing differential equations, suitable transformation variables are used to obtain the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations before being numerically solved using the shooting method. Graphical results are shown in order to scrutinize the behavior of pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature profiles, and concentration of nanoparticle. Also, the behavior of fluid flow is investigated through the coefficient of the skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and streamlines. Results showed that the velocity ratio parameter serves to increase the velocity of fluid and reduces the temperature distribution and nanoparticle concentration. The results were compared with the available studies and were found to be in excellent agreement

Hybrid Elastic ARM&Cloud HPC Collaborative Platform for generic tasks

Compute-heavy workloads are currently run on Hybrid HPC structures using x86 CPUs and GPUs from Intel, AMD, or NVidia, which have extremely high energy and financial costs. However, thanks to the incredible progress made on CPUs and GPUs based on the ARM architecture and their ubiquity in today’s mobile devices, it’s possible to conceive of a low-cost solution for our world’s data processing needs. Every year ARM-based mobile devices become more powerful, efficient, and come in ever smaller packages with ever growing storage. At the same time, smartphones waste these capabilities at night while they’re charging. This represents billions of idle devices whose processing power is not being utilized. For that reason, the objective of this paper is to evaluate and develop a hybrid, distributed, scalable, and redundant platform that allows for the utilization of these idle devices through a cloud-based administration service. The system would allow for massive improvements in terms of efficiency and cost for com-pute-heavy workload. During the evaluation phase, we were able to establish savings in power and cost significant enough to justify exploring it as a serious alternative to traditional computing architectures.Instituto de Investigación en Informátic

MHD Flow of Fractionalized Jeffrey Fluid with Newtonian Heating and Thermal Radiation Over a Vertical Plate

The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of heat absorption/generation and mass diffusion on magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) Jeffrey fluid flow over a perpendicular plate moving exponentially immersed in a porous media. The Newtonian heating condition are udes for the fluid motion. The impact of thermal radiation is used in the energy equation. The two types of magnetic field have been evaluated. The main purpose of present work is to acquire the analytical solution with the help of Atangana-Baleanu (AB), Caputo, and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives. We have drawn a graphical comparison between the solutions of these three types of fractional models of jeffery fluid. Graphs of different parameters have been also plotted using MathCad software. Furthermore, comparison among ordinary and fractionalized velocity fields are made to observe the impact of fractional parameter . It is clear from graph that velocity obtained with ordinary derivative is higher than that obtained with fractional derivatives. It is also found that velocity obtained with Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative is smaller than that obtained with Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives. Therefore, Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative is the best choice to obtain controlled velocity

Neuroinflammatory Triangle Presenting Novel Pharmacological Targets for Ischemic Brain Injury

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Hundreds of clinical trials have proven ineffective in bringing forth a definitive and effective treatment for ischemic stroke, except a myopic class of thrombolytic drugs. That, too, has little to do with treating long-term post-stroke disabilities. These studies proposed diverse options to treat stroke, ranging from neurotropic interpolation to venting antioxidant activity, from blocking specific receptors to obstructing functional capacity of ion channels, and more recently the utilization of neuroprotective substances. However, state of the art knowledge suggests that more pragmatic focus in finding effective therapeutic remedy for stroke might be targeting intricate intracellular signaling pathways of the 'neuroinflammatory triangle': ROS burst, inflammatory cytokines, and BBB disruption. Experimental evidence reviewed here supports the notion that allowing neuroprotective mechanisms to advance, while limiting neuroinflammatory cascades, will help confine post-stroke damage and disabilities.Peer reviewe

Exogenous 6-BA inhibited hypocotyl elongation under darkness in Picea crassifolia Kom revealed by transcriptome profiling

Hypocotyl elongation is an important process in plant growth and development, and is under hormonal regulatory signaling pathways. In our study, exogenous 6-BA significantly inhibited Picea crassifolia hypocotyl elongation more than ethylene in the dark, indicating the existence of different regulatory strategies in conifers, therefore, the P. crassifolia transcriptome was studied to explore the responsive genes and their regulatory pathways for exogenous N6-benzyladenine (6-BA) inhibition of hypocotyl elongation using RNA-Sequencing approach. We present the first transcriptome assembly of P. crassifolia obtained from 24.38 Gb clean data. With lowly-expressed and short contigs excluded, the assembly contains roughly 130,612 unigenes with an N50 length of 1,278 bp. Differential expression analysis found 3,629 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and found that the differential expression fold of genes was mainly concentrated between 2 and 8 (1 ≤ log2FoldChange ≤ 3). Functional annotation showed that the GO term with the highest number of enriched genes (83 unigenes) was the shoot system development (GO: 0048367) and the KEGG category, plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075), was enriched 30 unigenes. Further analysis revealed that several cytokinin dehydrogenase genes (PcCTD1, PcCTD3 and PcCTD6) catabolized cytokinins, while xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase gene (PcXTH31), WALLS ARE THIN 1-like gene (PcWAT1-1) and Small auxin-induced gene (PcSAUR15) were strongly repressed thus synergistically completing the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in P. crassifolia. Besides, PcbHLH149, PcMYB44 and PcERF14 were predicted to be potential core TFs that may form a multi-layered regulatory network with the above proteins for the regulation of hypocotyl growth

ESA SENTINEL 2 IMAGERY AND GBGEOAPP: INTEGRATED TOOLS FOR THE DEOSAI NATIONAL PARK MANAGEMENT PLAN

Deosai plateau, in the Gilgit-Baltistan Province of Pakistan, for its average elevation of 4,114 meters, is the second highest plateau in the world after Changtang Tibetan Plateau. Two biogeographically important mountain ranges merge in Deosai: the Himalayan and Karakorum–Pamir highlands. The Deosai National Park, with its first recognition in 1993, encompasses an area of about 1620 km2, with the altitude ranging from 3500 to 5200 meters a.s.l. It is known and visited by tourists for the presence of brown bear, but a large number of species of fauna and flora leave, and can be seen during the summer season. This high-altitude ecosystem is particularly fragile and can be considered a sentinel for the effects of climate changes. Due to its geographic position and high altitude, the area of Deosai has never been studied in all its ecosystem components, producing high resolution maps. The first land cover map of Deosai with 10 meters of resolution is discussed in this study. This map has been obtained from Sentinel-2 imagery and improved through the new tool developed in this study: the GBGEOApp. This application for mobile has been done with three main ambitions: the validation of the new land cover map, its improvement with land use information, and the collection of new data in the field. On the basis of the results, the use of the GBGEOApp, as a tool for validation and increasing of environmental data collection, seems to be completely applicable involving the local technicians in a process of data sharing

Conversational question answering: a survey

Published online: 6 September 2022Question answering (QA) systems provide a way of querying the information available in various formats including, but not limited to, unstructured and structured data in natural languages. It constitutes a considerable part of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) which has led to the introduction of a special research topic on conversational question answering (CQA), wherein a system is required to understand the given context and then engages in multi-turn QA to satisfy a user’s information needs. While the focus of most of the existing research work is subjected to single-turn QA, the field of multi-turn QA has recently grasped attention and prominence owing to the availability of large-scale, multi-turn QA datasets and the development of pre-trained language models. With a good amount of models and research papers adding to the literature every year recently, there is a dire need of arranging and presenting the related work in a unified manner to streamline future research. This survey is an effort to present a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research trends of CQA primarily based on reviewed papers over the recent years. Our findings show that there has been a trend shift from single-turn to multi-turn QA which empowers the field of Conversational AI from different perspectives. This survey is intended to provide an epitome for the research community with the hope of laying a strong foundation for the field of CQA.Munazza Zaib, Wei Emma Zhang, Quan Z. Sheng, Adnan Mahmood, Yang Zhan

True prevalence of twin HDV-HBV infection in Pakistan: a molecular approach

Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) infects only patients that are already infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) because this is sub satellite virus which depends on and propagate only in the presence of HBV. HDV causes co-infection or super infection with sever complication as compared to only HBV infection. No study on molecular level on HDV is available from this region; therefore, the aim of this study was to found out the molecular epidemiology of HDV (as a co-infection with HBV) in different geographical regions of Pakistan

Effect of foliar application of nano-nutrients solution on growth and biochemical attributes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under drought stress

IntroductionDrought stress has drastically hampered the growth and yield of many crops. Therefore, environmentally safe agricultural techniques are needed to mitigate drought stress impact. To this end, foliar spray of nano-nutrients solution to (NNS) alleviate harmful aspects of drought stress.MethodsIn a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment, seedlings were transplanted into pots at 2-3 leaf stage, each filled with loam-compost- organic manure soil (3:1:1). Plants were divided into two groups. (a) control group (b) applied stress group. Plants at vegetative stage were treated with 100% FC for control group and 60% FC for drought group, and these levels were maintained until harvesting. Three treatments of NNS with four levels i.e., 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% were given to all the pots after two weeks of drought stress treatment with a gap of 5 days at vegetative stage.Results and discussionApplication of 1% of nano-nutrient solution displayed an improvement in shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight, number of leaves and flowers. Leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids and total phenolics contents were found maximum while minimum electrolyte leakage was observed at 3% application compared to control. Further, 1% application of NNS increased the Leaf RWC%, total soluble sugars, flavonoids contents. 5% NNS application exhibited higher total free amino acids with minimum lipid peroxidation rate in leaves of tomato under drought. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in a concentration dependent manner as gradual increase was observed at 1%, 3% and 5%, respectively. Overall, this study introduced a new insights on using nano-nutrient solutions to maintain natural resources and ensure agricultural sustainabilit