Maternal risk factors for low birth weight infants: A nested case-control study of rural areas in Kurdistan (western of Iran)

Infant mortality is among the most important indicators of health and development in global communities. One of the causes of neonatal mortality is low birth weight. This study aims at evaluating the risk factors for LBW in infants.This study was carried out using a nested case-control study in rural areas of Kurdistan province in western Iran in 2015. The selection of case and control groups was based on the nesting using the risk set sampling approach. In total, 182 and 364 subjects were selected for the case group and the control group respectively. Data analysis was performed using the Stata-12 software with the point and spatial estimation of OR using the conditional logistic regression method.The multivariate logistic regression analysis performed shows that the maternal gestational age, the mother’s health history during pregnancy, any medication abuse by the mother, any mental stress during pregnancy, are LBW risk factors (P <0.05). Prevention of LBW is possible by identifying effective factors and performing appropriate interventions in infants with low birth weight. The causes of LBW in global communities are changing rapidly. Mothers with the risk factors reported in this study should be identified and specially treated

The Incidence and Geographical Distribution of Brucellosis in Iran Using Geographic Information System and Prediction of its Incidence in 2021

Background: Brucellosis is one of the most challenging health issues in many developing countries including Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of brucellosis using Geographic Information System (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, which contains spatial and climatic information along with the prevalence rate of brucellosis in Iran. Disease information was obtained from the National Center for Infectious Diseases Management during 2011-2015. Then, Arc GIS version 9.3 was used to plot the geographical maps for the incidence and frequency of the disease. Using the Raster calculator tool, the disease prediction map for the future was plotted. For proper spatial distribution of hot and cold spots, Getis-Ord-Gi statistic was employed. Results: The highest incidence of brucellosis during 2009-2015 was observed in the western provinces of Iran (North Khorasan, South Khorasan and Razavi Khorasan provinces). The incidence of brucellosis in Iran decreased from 2009 to 2011 but it exhibited an increasing trend from 2011 to 2014. The provinces of Kurdistan, Lorestan, Ilam, Zanjan and Kermanshah may be among the hot spots in terms of brucellosis incidence in 2021. Conclusion: We predicted significant variations in brucellosis risk distribution in Iran in the coming years. In the western and northwestern provinces, which are among the high risk areas for the incidence of this disease in the future, this disease can pose a serious health threat to the residents of these areas

Assessment on Quantum skills of employed nurses in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar Hospitals of Shahrekord city in 2015

Background and aims: Skills of nurses due to their professional sensitivity and their relation in public health should continually be monitored. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the Quantum skills of nurses employed in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals of Shahrekord city. Methods: This cross- sectional descriptive - analytic study was performed in 2016 in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals of Shahrekord city. One hundred nurses selected by stratified random sampling and data were collected using a valid questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software through Chi-Square and independent t-test at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: The Grade Point Average (GPA) of each septel quantum skills including seeing, thinking, feeling, knowing, acting, trusting and being skills in nurses were significantly higher than criterion mean score (P>0.05). Totally, the GPA of nurses’ quantum skills was 136.69±10.07 that had a significant differenc compared to Criterion Mean Score (CMS=105) (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the rathered results, it can be stated that nurses employed in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals of Shahrekor city had a desirable status in the septel quantum skills

Worldwide incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer and Human Development Index (HDI): GLOBOCAN sources and methods 2018

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer among women, accounting for about 4% of all cancers associated with women. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on extraction of cancer incidence data and cancer mortality rates from the Global Cancer Data in 2018. The incidence and mortality rates and ovarian cancer distribution maps were drawn for World countries. To analyze data, correlation test and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation between its incidence and mortality with HDI. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between ovarian cancer incidence (R = 0.409, P &lt;0.0001) and mortality (R = 0.193, P &lt;0.05) with HDI. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between incidence with GNI ,MYS ,LEB and EYS ( P &lt;0.0001). The results also demonstrated that there was a positive and significant correlation between mortality and GNI, MYS, LEB and EYS ( P &lt;0.05).The linear regression model showed that a higher MYS [B = 0.2, CI95%: (- 0.03,0.5)] significantly increased the incidence of ovarian cancer and increased MYS [B = 0.2, CI95% (0.03, 0.4)] increased mortality. Given the positive and significant correlation between ovarian cancer incidence and mortality with HDI, attention to risk factors in these countries can be effective in curbing its incidence and mortality

The Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and the Associated Familial Factors in Adolescents in the South of Iran

Background Mental health problems are common among adolescents. Proper screening and rehabilitation could improve adolescents’ function at the present time and in the future. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the associated familial factors among high school students. Materials and Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 630 high school students (315 boys and 315 girls) aged 13-17 years in Jahrom, Iran. The participants were selected using random cluster sampling. The data were collected using the self-report version of strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), and were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 16.0. Results: The results showed that 22.38% of the students had total difficulty (14.9% of boys, and 29.8% of girls). The highest prevalence was related to peer relationship problems (23%) followed by conduct problems (18.1%), hyperactivity (11.1%), pro-social behaviors (6.3%), and emotional problems (5.7%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68-3.66) increased the odds; while grade 9 (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.83), and number of siblings (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78-0.99) decreased the odds of mental health problems (

Gender-Age Disparity of Cancers' Incidence in Iran

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and among Iranian population; cancer is the third important causes of death. It is a critical issue to identify sex and age group difference of cancer pattern for planning and management of cancer patients, therefore the aim of present study was to examine sex and age difference in cancer incidence during 2003-2008 in Iran. The National Cancer Registry (NCR) reports from 2003 to 2008 have been applied to test trend of cancer incidence and illustrating sex-age disparity of most common cancers in Iran. Direct adjustment method was used for computing the age-specific rates (ASRs) and Cochran-Armitage tests for trends were used to test statistical significance of cancer incidence rate in both genders during 2003-2008. Our findings indicated that male and female incidence rate is increased from 64.2 to 117.5 and from 50.1 to 105.8, respectively during 2003-2008 (P for trend <0.001). Highest Age-Specific Rate of cancer in male was for stomach cancer (ASR=12.8), beside of skin cancer and in female was for breast cancer (ASR=33.2). Highest incidence rate of cancers was found in people aged 80-84 years in both genders. In elderly people, incidence rate of cancer was higher in male than female. The observed sex-age disparity of common cancers in this study indicated that male cancer of stomach and bladder and female cancer of breast and colorectal can be targeted in cancer control and prevention programs are required to reach remarkable reduction of cancer burden in Iran

Comparing Efficiency of Rice Washing and Soaking Processes in Reducing the Amount of Aflatoxin B1

Contamination of some agricultural products by mycotoxins has exposed the human and animal health to serious concerns. Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic type of aflatoxins, which is of the highest amount in different foods, including rice, among various types of aflatoxins. The present study was aimed to evaluate the amount of this toxicant in the consuming rice in Yazd city and investigate the effect of rice washing and soaking process on reduction of the mean concentration of aflatoxin B1. The present study was a descriptive-analytical one, in which 36 rice samples (18 domestic types and 18 foreign types of rice) were randomly selected from the rice distribution centers in Yazd city. The Standard No.6872 of the Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI) was used for measuring the amount of aflatoxin B and G toxicants using HPLC (high pressure or performance liquid chromatography) method and purifying by immune affinity column. Analysis of the collected data was performed using SPSS-22 statistical software as well as the statistical methods of one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD. The mean concentration of aflatoxin B1 in domestic and imported rice was measured equal to 1.461 and 0.508ng/g, respectively. The contamination rate in the imported rice was lower than that in the domestic one, while there was no significant relationship between them (p≥0.166); furthermore, the effect of soaking process on reduction of the toxicant amount in one and ten hours of soaking was statistically insignificant. There was no significant relationship between the effect of a single time of washing and reduction of the amount of toxicant; however, in case of three and five times of washing, the amount of toxicant exhibited a reduction of 68.2% and 98.7%, respectively, which was statistically significant (

The effect of diabetes on the risk of endometrial Cancer : an updated a systematic review and meta-analysis

Funding This research was funded by Systematic Review Network Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (Grant Number 97–4–37-13922).Peer reviewedPublisher PD