Polskie homilie Jana Pawła II – rekonesans badawczy

The article presents an overview of the Polish subject literature on the language of the homilies and speeches delivered by John Paul II. The second part of the article includes a discussion on the author’s own research study on the subject that takes into account the Pope’s use of one, autosemantic part of speech, the verb. The source material for the analysis has been excerpted from the homilies delivered by John Paul II in Polish during the Pope’s eight pilgrimages to his homeland. It includes homiletic texts from the years 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2002, i.e. from within the time bracket of 24 years. In 67 homilies, the Pope uttered 110,036 lexemes, which as a result of the analysis produced 1,787 verbal lexical units. The number of verbal lexeme formations amounts to 14,900. On average, one unit includes 225.75 verbal lexeme formations, whereas the average percentage share of verbal lexeme formations in the material under scrutiny is 13.54%

Jadwiga Zamoyska — from religious education to secular holiness

The article presents Jadwiga Zamoyska, patron of the Year 2023, an outstanding Polish woman at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. She pursued the concept of striving for religious perfection thanks to her patriotic and social commitment, the establishment of a school for girls and the Zakłady Kórnickie Foundation. The spiritual biography of Mrs General was presented, confronting it with lectures On education. The publication was subject to content and language analysis. Throughout her life, the Servant of God Jadwiga Zamoyska consistently sought secular formation and a secular path to holiness, creating such opportunities for her relatives and charges.Jadwiga Zamoyska — od religijnego wychowania do świeckiej świętości Artykuł przedstawia Jadwigę Zamoyską, patronkę roku 2023, wybitną Polkę przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Ideę dążenia do doskonałości religijnej realizowała dzięki zaangażowaniu patriotyczno-społecznemu, założeniu szkoły dla dziewcząt i fundacji Zakłady Kórnickie. Przedstawiono życiorys duchowy Generałowej, konfrontując go z wykładami O wychowaniu. Publikacja została poddana analizie merytorycznej i językowej. Służebnica Boża Jadwiga Zamoyska przez całe życie konsekwentnie zabiegała o świecką formację i świecką drogę do świętości, stwarzając takie możliwości swoim bliskim i podopiecznym

Structural Integrity of Vascular System in Branching Units of Coniferous Shoot

In conifers with spiral phyllotaxis, two numbers: one of the vascular sympodia and the second of cortical resin canals, define the shoot anatomic diameter. This in turn reflects the size and vigor of the apical meristem. Both numbers belong to the mathematical series, associated with the shoot phyllotactic pattern. The number of canals is one step lower in a series than the number of sympodia. The first one, easier to determine, automatically defines the second. Using this protocol and screening the large number of branching shoots of selected conifers, we have discovered strong correlation between orientation of vascular sympodia in the lateral and supporting branches. There was no such correlation with regard to the chiral configurations of phyllotaxis. This finding reveals the presence of special phyllotactic compensation in the case of differences in anatomic diameter of the parental and lateral shoot under the imperative of maintaining the sympodia orientation within one branching unit. Phyllotaxis of the axillary apex is evidently not established at random but adapted to the condition of the subtending axis. The monopodial, regularly branching shoot of conifers is an attractive example of biological system, which is not a sum of independent, iteratively formed units. Rather, it appears to be an entity organized on hierarchically higher level, which emerges from coordination of developmental processes in a population of the units

Non-invasive prospection of two Iron Age sites in Michałowice, southern Poland

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Archaeological excavations of multicultural site 1 at Michałowice, Commune Czarnocin, in seasons 2013-2014

The excavations of multicultural site 1 at Michałowice have been carried out since 2008. So far, the excavations have encompassed approx. 40 ares and resulted in the discovery of 122 archaeological features. The area investigated in seasons 2013–2014 totals 10 ares. The research revealed cremation burials associated with the Lusatian and Przeworsk cultures, as well as the first inhumation burial in the site, and more groove features linked with the Przeworsk culture