A prospective interracial study of hypertensive toxaemia of pregnancy

No Abstract

Executive, Workplace and Life Coaching: Findings from a Large-Scale Survey of International Coach Federation Members

The knowledge base of coach-specific research detailing theories, techniques and outcomes of coaching is growing annually. However, little is known about coaches themselves. This paper reports on a large scale survey of coaches. A total of 2,529 coaches responded to an online survey conducted in 2003 amongst International Coach Federation (ICF) members. Data on credentialing, prior professional background, and current coach practice were collected. The coaches in this study had overwhelmingly graduated from or have been enrolled in a coach training program and virtually all had come to professional coaching from a prior professional background. In addition, data on coach demographics, coaching process and demographics were collected. This paper reports in detail on these findings, and makes suggestions for future research directions

The Ocular Tilt Reaction and Skew Deviation

The ocular tilt reaction composes a triad of ipsilateral head-tilt, ipsilateral conjugate ocular torsion, and skew deviation with ipsilateral hypotropia. It results from a disruption of central vestibular pathways conveying information from the semicircular canals and otoliths

Horizontal Midbrain Ophthalmoparesis

Ptosis; Binocular limitation of elevation and limited depression and adduction of the left eyeCase 1: A 54-year old female with bilateral ptosis following renal transplantation. Case 2: A 64-year old male with binocular limitation of elevation and limited depression and adduction OS four months after lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.Case 1: Bilateral ptosis Case 2: Focal lesionCTSubnormal saccades; DyskinesiasCase 1: XRTN/

Gaze Palsies

The function of the ocular motor system is to acquire and maintain target fixation. This necessitates proper functioning of higher cortical centers responsible for choosing appropriate targets and generating commands, intact pathways descending from cortical regions, properly functioning brain stem nuclear and internuclear structures, and intact motoneurons to overcome the mechanics of the ocular plant

The Ocular Motor Nuclei and Ophthalmoplegia

This paper will review the patho-physiology of lesions affecting the ocular motor nuclei. I will not consider previous reports of damage to these structures but will instead focus upon the anatomy and neuro-physiology.ICnuclearcenter

Reaching movements and pursuit tracking performance in patients with Parkinson's disease

Two studies of voluntary movement in Parkinson's disease were carried out. In the first study, both parkinsonians and age-matched controls performed unconstrained prehensile movements in which subjects produced reaching and grasping (hand opening/closing) movements under varying conditions of movement amplitude, speed and object size. The act of prehension requires the intersegmental coordination of limb transport and grasp trajectories. Although parkinsonians were slower overall than controls, patients and controls similarly adjusted the spatial and temporal characteristics of their limb movement and grasp in response to changes in task demands. All groups showed increases in the speed of limb transport, the speed of hand opening and began hand opening proportionately earlier at faster movement speeds. All groups similarly increased hand opening velocity and initiated grasp earlier for smaller amplitude movements. Likewise, grasp was initiated earlier when reaching for wider objects. However, in contrast to controls, the onset time of hand opening during limb transport was delayed in these patients and was found to be more closely coupled with the timing of limb transport than in the controls. Moreover, patients showed greater curvature in their motion paths at the wrist during limb transport suggesting that the timing of joint motion (shoulder and elbow) may be different in these patients as well. Underlying differences between the groups in the temporal sequencing of movement are discussed.In a second study, parkinson and control subjects performed continuous tracking movements in pursuit of sinusoidal and constant-speed target trajectories varying in frequency and amplitude. This task provided explicit temporal and spatial accuracy constraints by requiring subjects to reproduce the precise trajectory (i.e., velocity profile) of target movement. The results show that patients, similar to controls, were capable of modifying peak movement velocity while varying their times to reversal (i.e., movement durations) in response to changes in the movement time requirements of target motion. Indeed, both patients and controls were shown to alter the timing of movement deceleration in order to maintain their movement durations within the temporal limits of target movement. In contrast to controls, patients show progressive reduction in endpoint accuracy (undershooting the target) and, hence, reduced movement amplitudes, over the course of the trial. However, when endpoint accuracy requirements were reduced, by providing mechanical constraints on movement amplitude, patients were able to increase movement amplitudes while satisfying the temporal requirements of the task. These results are interpreted in terms of tradeoffs in performance between competing spatial and temporal demands of pursuit tracking. The significance of movement accuracy constraints on motor function in parkinsonian performance is discussed