Molecular identification and activity upon chromogenic substrates of a venombin A from Bothrops atrox Peruvian snake venom

En el presente trabajo se ha realizado la identificación molecular de la enzima similar a trombina (EST) del veneno de Bothrops atrox y se ha evaluado su actividad enzimática sobre diversos sustratos sintéticos. La enzima fue purificada utilizando tres pasos cromatrográficos, sobre Sephadex G-75, CM-Sephadex C-50 y Agarosa-PAB, determinándose su peso molecular por PAGE-SDS. La identificación molecular de la enzima aislada se realizó por la técnica de peptide mass fingerprinting basada en espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF y posterior análisis in silico. Las actividades fibrinocoagulante y amidolítica fueron ensayadas sobre fibrinó- geno bovino y BApNA, respectivamente, así como la hidrólisis sobre los sustratos cromogénicos específicos S-2238, S-2251 y S-2266. Como resultado de los ensayos bioquímicos y estructurales, la EST del veneno de B. atrox, presentó un peso molecular de 29,6 kDa. El análisis mediante espectrometría de masas de los péptidos obtenidos, permitió identificar a esta enzima como una venombina A, presentando una identidad del 75%. Del análisis de actividad enzimática, se obtuvo que la EST de B. atrox produjo coagulación del fibrinógeno bovino y presentó actividad sobre BApNA, S-2238 y S-2266, siendo incapaz de hidrolizar el sustrato S-2251. El empleo de estas aproximaciones estructurales y funcionales ha permitido lograr la identificación molecular del principal componente del veneno de B. atrox relacionado con su acción coagulante, así como evaluar en detalle la naturaleza de su actividad enzimática sobre diversos sustratos.n this work, the thrombin-like enzyme (TLE) from Bothrops atrox has been identified by mass spectrometry and its enzymatic activity evaluated upon several synthetic substrates. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using three chromatography steps on Sephadex G-75, CM-Sephadex C-50 and Agarose-PAB. Also, molecular weight by PAGE-SDS was determined. For molecular identification of this enzyme, mass spectrometry-based peptide mass fingerprinting was used and later in silico analysis. Enzymatic activities were determined using bovine fibrinogen, BApNA and also upon specific chromogenic substrates such as S-2238, S-2251 y S-2266. As a result of these biochemical and structural procedures, we obtained a TLE from B. atrox venom with a molecular weight of 29,6 kDa. Mass spectrometry analysis of obtained peptides, allow us to identify this enzyme as a venombin A, showing a 75% sequence homology. After recording enzymatic activity, this TLE showed coagulant activity on bovine fibrinogen and upon BApNA, S-2238 y S-2266, being unable to hydrolyze S-2251 substrate. Using this combination of structural and functional approaches, we have identified the main component of B. atrox venom related to its coagulant activity, as well as a detailed evaluation of its enzymatic activity upon several substrate

Purification, characterization and structural determination of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase produced by Moniliophthora perniciosa

The enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (PyroMp) from Moniliophthora perniciosa (CCMB 0257), a pathogenic fungal strain and the causative agent of the witches' broom disease in Theobroma cacao, was partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The buffer for enzyme extraction was sodium phosphate, 0.050 mol L-1, pH 7.0, containing 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum pH and temperature conditions. Four different isoenzymes (PyroMp I, PyroMp II, PyroMp III and PyroMp IV) were obtained with optimal pH ranging from 6.9-8.4 and optimum temperature ranging from 28 to 68 °C. The 3D structure of pyrophosphorylase of M. perniciosa was determined by comparative modeling. The model obtained showed a good quality, possessing 78.6% of amino acids in energetically allowed regions. The model was then submitted for DM simulation and showed a good geometric quality (91.1% Ramachandran plot). The active site of the enzyme was found to be extremely well conserved. This model will be useful for developing new inhibitors against witches' broom disease22610151023CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOS - FINEPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DA BAHIA - FAPESBFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãoA enzima UDP-N-acetilglicosamina pirofosforilase de Moniliophthora perniciosa (CCMB 0257), o fungo patogênico causador da doença vassoura-de-bruxa do Theobroma cacao, foi parcialmente purificada por precipitação com sulfato de amônio e cromatografia de gel filtração em Sephacryl S-200. O tampão de extração da enzima foi o fosfato de sódio, 0,050 mol L-1, pH 7,0, contendo 1,0 mol L-1 de NaCl. A metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR) foi usada para a obtenção do pH e temperatura ótima. Os resultados mostraram quatro diferentes isoenzimas (PyroMp I, PyroMp II, PyroMp III e PyroMp IV) que apresentaram pH ótimo na faixa de 6,9-8,4 e temperatura ótima variando entre 28 a 68 °C. A estrutura 3D de pirofosforilase de M. perniciosa foi obtida por modelagem comparativa. O modelo obtido mostrou uma boa qualidade, possuindo 78,6% de aminoácidos nas regiões energeticamente favoráveis. O modelo foi então submetido a simulações de dinâmica molecular (DM). O modelo apresentou uma boa qualidade geométrica após as simulações de DM (91,1% -gráfico de Ramachandran). A procura pelo sítio ativo da enzima mostrou que este é mantido extremamente conservado. Este modelo pode ser útil para desenvolvimento de inibidores contra a doença vassoura de brux

Purification, characterization and structural determination of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase produced by Moniliophthora perniciosa

The enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (PyroMp) from Moniliophthora perniciosa (CCMB 0257), a pathogenic fungal strain and the causative agent of the witches' broom disease in Theobroma cacao, was partially purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The buffer for enzyme extraction was sodium phosphate, 0.050 mol L-1, pH 7.0, containing 1.0 mol L-1 NaCl. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum pH and temperature conditions. Four different isoenzymes (PyroMp I, PyroMp II, PyroMp III and PyroMp IV) were obtained with optimal pH ranging from 6.9-8.4 and optimum temperature ranging from 28 to 68 °C. The 3D structure of pyrophosphorylase of M. perniciosa was determined by comparative modeling. The model obtained showed a good quality, possessing 78.6% of amino acids in energetically allowed regions. The model was then submitted for DM simulation and showed a good geometric quality (91.1% Ramachandran plot). The active site of the enzyme was found to be extremely well conserved. This model will be useful for developing new inhibitors against witches' broom disease.A enzima UDP-N-acetilglicosamina pirofosforilase de Moniliophthora perniciosa (CCMB 0257), o fungo patogênico causador da doença vassoura-de-bruxa do Theobroma cacao, foi parcialmente purificada por precipitação com sulfato de amônio e cromatografia de gel filtração em Sephacryl S-200. O tampão de extração da enzima foi o fosfato de sódio, 0,050 mol L-1, pH 7,0, contendo 1,0 mol L-1 de NaCl. A metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR) foi usada para a obtenção do pH e temperatura ótima. Os resultados mostraram quatro diferentes isoenzimas (PyroMp I, PyroMp II, PyroMp III e PyroMp IV) que apresentaram pH ótimo na faixa de 6,9-8,4 e temperatura ótima variando entre 28 a 68 °C. A estrutura 3D de pirofosforilase de M. perniciosa foi obtida por modelagem comparativa. O modelo obtido mostrou uma boa qualidade, possuindo 78,6% de aminoácidos nas regiões energeticamente favoráveis. O modelo foi então submetido a simulações de dinâmica molecular (DM). O modelo apresentou uma boa qualidade geométrica após as simulações de DM (91,1% -gráfico de Ramachandran). A procura pelo sítio ativo da enzima mostrou que este é mantido extremamente conservado. Este modelo pode ser útil para desenvolvimento de inibidores contra a doença vassoura de bruxa.FINEPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNPqFAPESBFIOCRUZ - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia UEF

Identificación molecular y actividad sobre sustratos cromogénicos de la venombina A del veneno de la serpiente peruana Bothrops atrox

In this work, the thrombin-like enzyme (TLE) from Bothrops atrox has been identified by mass spectrometry and its enzymatic activity evaluated upon several synthetic substrates. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using three chromatography steps on Sephadex G-75, CM-Sephadex C-50 and Agarose-PAB. Also, molecular weight by PAGE-SDS was determined. For molecular identification of this enzyme, mass spectrometry-based peptide mass fingerprinting was used and later in silico analysis. Enzymatic activities were determined using bovine fibrinogen, BApNA and also upon specific chromogenic substrates such as S-2238, S-2251 y S-2266. As a result of these biochemical and structural procedures, we obtained a TLE from B. atrox venom with a molecular weight of 29,6 kDa. Mass spectrometry analysis of obtained peptides, allow us to identify this enzyme as a venombin A, showing a 75% sequence homology. After recording enzymatic activity, this TLE showed coagulant activity on bovine fibrinogen and upon BApNA, S-2238 y S-2266, being unable to hydrolyze S-2251 substrate. Using this combination of structural and functional approaches, we have identified the main component of B. atrox venom related to its coagulant activity, as well as a detailed evaluation of its enzymatic activity upon several substrates.En el presente trabajo se ha realizado la identificación molecular de la enzima similar a trombina (EST) del veneno de Bothrops atrox y se ha evaluado su actividad enzimática sobre diversos sustratos sintéticos. La enzima fue purificada utilizando tres pasos cromatrográficos, sobre Sephadex G-75, CM-Sephadex C-50 y Agarosa-PAB, determinándose su peso molecular por PAGE-SDS. La identificación molecular de la enzima aislada se realizó por la técnica de peptide mass fingerprinting basada en espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF y posterior análisis in silico. Las actividades fibrinocoagulante y amidolítica fueron ensayadas sobre fibrinógeno bovino y BApNA, respectivamente, así como la hidrólisis sobre los sustratos cromogénicos específicos S-2238, S-2251 y S-2266. Como resultado de los ensayos bioquímicos y estructurales, la EST del veneno de B. atrox, presentó un peso molecular de 29,6 kDa. El análisis mediante espectrometría de masas de los péptidos obtenidos, permitió identificar a esta enzima como una venombina A, presentando una identidad del 75%. Del análisis de actividad enzimática, se obtuvo que la EST de B. atrox produjo coagulación del fibrinógeno bovino y presentó actividad sobre BApNA, S-2238 y S-2266, siendo incapaz de hidrolizar el sustrato S-2251. El empleo de estas aproximaciones estructurales y funcionales ha permitido lograr la identificación molecular del principal componente del veneno de B. atrox relacionado con su acción coagulante, así como evaluar en detalle la naturaleza de su actividad enzimática sobre diversos sustratos

Data from: Metaproteomics reveals metabolic transitions between healthy and diseased stony coral Mussismilia braziliensis

Infectious diseases such as white plague syndrome (WPS) and black band disease (BBD) have caused massive coral loss worldwide. We performed a metaproteomic study on the Abrolhos coral Mussismilia braziliensis to define the types of proteins expressed in healthy corals compared to WPS- and BBD-affected corals. A total of 6363 MS/MS spectra were identified as 361 different proteins. Healthy corals had a set of proteins that may be considered markers of holobiont homoeostasis, including tubulin, histone, Rab family, ribosomal, peridinin–chlorophyll a-binding protein, F0F1-type ATP synthase, alpha-iG protein, calmodulin and ADP-ribosylation factor. Cnidaria proteins found in healthy M. braziliensis were associated with Cnidaria–Symbiodinium endosymbiosis and included chaperones (hsp70, hsp90 and calreticulin), structural and membrane modelling proteins (actin) and proteins with functions related to intracellular vesicular traffic (Rab7 and ADP-ribosylation factor 1) and signal transduction (14-3-3 protein and calmodulin). WPS resulted in a clear shift in the predominance of proteins, from those related to aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (i.e. Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales and Actinomycetales) in healthy corals to those produced by facultative/anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria (i.e. Enterobacteriales, Alteromonadales, Clostridiales and Bacteroidetes) in WPS corals. BBD corals developed a diverse community dominated by cyanobacteria and sulphur cycle bacteria. Hsp60, hsp90 and adenosylhomocysteinase proteins were produced mainly by cyanobacteria in BBD corals, which is consistent with elevated oxidative stress in hydrogen sulphide- and cyanotoxin-rich environments. This study demonstrates the usefulness of metaproteomics for gaining better comprehension of coral metabolic status in health and disease, especially in reef systems such as the Abrolhos that are suffering from the increase in global and local threatening events