Pengaruh Promosi Dan Brand Image Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Survey Pada Followers Instaram Paradise Cosmetic Pengguna Produk Make Over Di Sukabumi)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur pengaruh promosi dan brand image terhadap keputusan pembelian produk Make Over di Sukabumi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan metode asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan probability sampling dengan menggunakan simple random sampling yang melibatkan 366 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda yang meliputi uji koefisien determinasi, uji koefisien korelasi berganda, uji simultan (uji F) dan uji parsial (uji T). Hasil penelitian, dengan menggunakan uji F diperoleh nilai probabilitas sig. 0,00 < 0,05 yang berarti bahwa Promosi (X1) dan Brand Image (X2) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y). Sedangkan uji t menunjukkan bahwa Promosi (X1) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) dan Brand Image (X2) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y). Kata Kunci : Promosi; Brand Image; Keputusan Pembelia

Pengaruh Perubahan Faktor Eksposi Terhadap Nilai Ct Number

CT Number valuehad been conducted with various of exposurefactoronCT. Testingwas conducted to test the CTNumber value changeswith varioues of exposure factorsthencompare it withthe recommendedtolerance. Testing was doneby usingsome objectthere arewater phantom, plasticwaterphantom, chickenblood, chicken (breast part) andchickenbone(thigh). Performedwithtwoscanning, axialandhelicalscanning methods. Various of exposurefactors used the voltage 80 kVp to 140kVp, current100 mA to 180mAandexposure time0.6 second to 2second. Collimatorwith alargeselection and slice thickness 5mm. From the test resultshave known thatchangesof the exposurefactorswill affectedCTNumber value. CT Number value obtain from the test results by using water phantom -2,50 HU until -4,99 HU, plastic water phantom -6,99 HU until +6,99 HU, blood +31,01 HU until +36,70 HU, chiken (soft tissue) +48,33 HU until +66,61 HU and bone +800,15 HU until +1188,28 HU.Thevalue is stillwell withinthe recommendedtolerancesareforwater phantom andplasticwaterphantom0±7HU, blood+30 HU to+45HU, soft tissue+37 HUto+300 HU andbone+700HUto+3000 HU

Comparison of existing methods for algorithmic classification of dementia in the Health and Retirement Study

Background: Dementia ascertainment is difficult and costly, hindering the use of large, representative studies such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to monitor trends or disparities in dementia. To address this issue, multiple groups of researchers have developed algorithms to classify dementia status in HRS participants using data from HRS and the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS), an HRS sub-study that systematically ascertained dementia status. However, the relative performance of each algorithm has not been systematically evaluated. Objective: To compare the performance of five existing algorithms, overall and by sociodemographic subgroups. Methods: We created two standardized datasets: (a) training data (N=786, i.e. ADAMS Wave A and corresponding HRS data, which was used previously to create the algorithms) and (b) validation data (N=530, i.e. ADAMS Waves B, C, and D and corresponding HRS data which was not used previously to create the algorithms). In both, we used each algorithm to classify HRS participants as demented or not demented and compared the algorithmic diagnoses to the ADAMS diagnoses. Results: In the training data, overall classification accuracies ranged from 80% to 87%, sensitivity ranged from 53% to 90%, and specificity ranged from 79% to 96% across the five algorithms. Though overall classification accuracy was similar in the validation data (range: 79% to 88%), sensitivity was much lower (range: 17% to 61%), while specificity was higher (range: 82% to 98%) compared to the training data. Classification accuracy was generally worse in non-Hispanic blacks (range: 68% to 85%) and Hispanics (range: 65% to 88%), compared to non-Hispanic whites (range: 79% to 88%). Across datasets, sensitivity was generally higher for proxy-respondents, while specificity (and overall accuracy) was higher for self-respondents. Conclusions: Worse sensitivity in the validation dataset may suggest either overfitting or that the algorithms are better at identifying prevalent versus incident dementia, while differences in performance across algorithms suggest that the usefulness of each will vary depending on the user’s purpose. Further planned work will evaluate algorithm performance in external validation datasets

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of Desulfovibrio vulgaris biofilms: carbon and energy flow contribute to the distinct biofilm growth state.

BackgroundDesulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough is a sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) that is intensively studied in the context of metal corrosion and heavy-metal bioremediation, and SRB populations are commonly observed in pipe and subsurface environments as surface-associated populations. In order to elucidate physiological changes associated with biofilm growth at both the transcript and protein level, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were done on mature biofilm cells and compared to both batch and reactor planktonic populations. The biofilms were cultivated with lactate and sulfate in a continuously fed biofilm reactor, and compared to both batch and reactor planktonic populations.ResultsThe functional genomic analysis demonstrated that biofilm cells were different compared to planktonic cells, and the majority of altered abundances for genes and proteins were annotated as hypothetical (unknown function), energy conservation, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. Genes and proteins that showed similar trends in detected levels were particularly involved in energy conservation such as increases in an annotated ech hydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and rnf oxidoreductase, and the biofilm cells had elevated formate dehydrogenase activity. Several other hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases also showed an increased protein level, while decreased transcript and protein levels were observed for putative coo hydrogenase as well as a lactate permease and hyp hydrogenases for biofilm cells. Genes annotated for amino acid synthesis and nitrogen utilization were also predominant changers within the biofilm state. Ribosomal transcripts and proteins were notably decreased within the biofilm cells compared to exponential-phase cells but were not as low as levels observed in planktonic, stationary-phase cells. Several putative, extracellular proteins (DVU1012, 1545) were also detected in the extracellular fraction from biofilm cells.ConclusionsEven though both the planktonic and biofilm cells were oxidizing lactate and reducing sulfate, the biofilm cells were physiologically distinct compared to planktonic growth states due to altered abundances of genes/proteins involved in carbon/energy flow and extracellular structures. In addition, average expression values for multiple rRNA transcripts and respiratory activity measurements indicated that biofilm cells were metabolically more similar to exponential-phase cells although biofilm cells are structured differently. The characterization of physiological advantages and constraints of the biofilm growth state for sulfate-reducing bacteria will provide insight into bioremediation applications as well as microbially-induced metal corrosion

A versenyképesség növelésének stratégiája a gyümölcságazatban az EU-ba lépés után = The strategy of increase of competitiveness of fruit production after step in the EU

1. A koncentráció alakulása A 2007-es felmérés csak négy gyümölcsfajra terjedt ki, míg a 2001-es teljeskörű volt. Így csak erre a négy fajra végeztem el az összehasonlítást (alma, körte, őszibarack kajszibarack,). Megállapítható a koncentráció vizsgálata alapján: az összes ültetvényterület 14 %-kal kisebb 2007-ben. Ezen belül: - az almaültetvények területe 15 %-kal csökkent - a körteültetvényeké 28 %-kal nőtt - az őszibaracké 23 %-kal csökkent - a kajszibaracké 13 %-kal esett vissza 2. Az öntözés, mint a versenyképes gyümölcstermesztés alapfeltétele Mind a négy gyümölcsfaj esetében nőtt az öntözött terület aránya 2007-re, legnagyobb százalékban a körténél 14,1 %-kal, de lényeges növekedés volt az őszibaracknál (65 %) és kajszibaracknál (102 %) is. Az almánál viszont csak 2,8 %-os volt az öntözött terület növekedése. 3. Az ültetvények kezeltsége A jól kezelt ültetvények aránya átlagosan 30,3 %-kal nőtt, ami jelentős javulás. Különösen erős volt a körténél 33,1 %-os. Az almánál viszont 3,1 %-os csökkenés mutatkozik. 4. Az ültetvények kora Az 5 év alatti korú ültetvények arány csak a körte esetében megfelelő. A gyümölcsexport-import alakulása* A friss gyümölcskivitel 2000 és 2007 között mennyiségben 18 %-kal, értékben 24 %-kal csökkent. A friss gyümölcsimport 2000 és 2007 között mennyiségben 12-szeresére, értékben pedig hétszeresére nőtt. Az export-import egyenleg a friss gyümölcsnél negatív. | The competitiveness of four fruit species (apple, pear, peach, apricot) decreased between years 2001 and 2007 in consequence the reduction of size of plantations. The irigation increased of four species from 14 % for 18 %. The treatement of four species was better in category of good tratement with 13,5 %. The role of production organizations is very big because of the big proportion of little size plantations. Our fresh fruit export continuited to decreased, increased the export of conserved and frozen fruit, but in very big case the home fruits as basic material was deputized with import. The whole export-import balance (without southern fruits) was positive in year 2007 24,6 Mrd Ft, in overage 2004-07 31,8 Mrd Ft

Home- and Car-Based Rules in Foster Care Settings to Reduce Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: Before and after Romanian National Clean Air Legislation.

Background: To evaluate changes in smoke free rules in the foster care system after the implementation of the Romanian national clean air law. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire among foster care employees (n = 599) was conducted in 58 foster care homes during 2014 (n = 295) and 51 homes during 2016 (n = 304). We estimated the absolute difference in the proportion of employees who stated that smoke free rules existed before and after national clean air legislation. Results: There was an absolute increase in 4 of 5 smoke free measures after the law: bans on non-cigarette tobacco products (n = 169 to 206, +10.6%), non-smoking on premises for adults (n = 142 to 202, +18.3%), and for children (n = 201 to 239, +10.3%), and no smoking in cars to transport children (n = 194 to 227, +9%). There was a significant increase in the perception of outdoor bans that prohibit employees from smoking on foster care home premises (AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.14(-)4.38). The increase in the perception of indoor smoking bans did not change. Conclusion: The national law may have had a spillover influence by strengthening smoke free rules in unregulated spaces. Nonetheless, foster care home rules could be further enhanced, particularly in cars that transport children

Beyond paradigm : The ‘what’ and the ‘how’ of classroom research

This article reviews studies in second language classroom research from a cross-theoretic perspective, arguing that the classroom holds the potential for bringing together researchers from opposing theoretical orientations. It shows how generative and general cognitive approaches share a view of language that implicates both implicit and explicit knowledge, and that holds a bias towards implicit knowledge. Arguing that it is implicit knowledge that should be the object of research, it proposes that classroom research would benefit from incorporating insights from a generative understanding of language. Specifically, there is a need for a more nuanced view of the complexity of language in terms of linguistic domain, and the interaction between those domains. Generative second language acquisition research that shows developmental differences in terms of both linguistic domain and interface is reviewed. The core argument is a call for more attention to the ‘what’ of language development in classroom research and, by implication, teaching practice. As such, the language classroom is seen to offer potential for research that goes beyond paradigm to address both the ‘what’ and the ‘how’ of language development

Fine-scale simulation of ammonium and nitrate over the South Coast Air Basin and San Joaquin Valley of California during CalNex-2010

National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) have been set for PM_2.5 due to its association with adverse health effects. PM_2.5 design values in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and San Joaquin Valley of California exceed NAAQS levels, and NH^(+)_(4) and NO^(-)_(3) make up the largest fraction of total PM2.5 mass on polluted days. Here we evaluate fine-scale simulations of PM_(2.5) NH^(+)_(4) and NO^(-)_(3) with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model using measurements from routine networks and the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change 2010 campaign. The model correctly simulates broad spatial patterns of NH^(+)_(4) and NO^(-)_(3) including the elevated concentrations in eastern SoCAB. However, areas for model improvement have been identified. NH_3 emissions from livestock and dairy facilities appear to be too low, while those related to waste disposal in western SoCAB may be too high. Analyses using measurements from flights over SoCAB suggest that problems with NH3 predictions can influence NO^(-)_(3) predictions there. Offline ISORROPIA II calculations suggest that overpredictions of NH_x in Pasadena cause excessive partitioning of total nitrate to the particle phase overnight, while underpredictions of Na^+ cause too much partitioning to the gas phase during the day. Also, the model seems to underestimate mixing during the evening boundary layer transition leading to excessive nitrate formation on some nights. Overall, the analyses demonstrate fine-scale variations in model performance within and across the air basins. Improvements in inventories and spatial allocations of NH_3 emissions and in parameterizations of sea spray emissions, evening mixing processes, and heterogeneous ClNO_2 chemistry could improve model performance