"Textura del suelo y ciclo del agua". Un estudio de construcci?n de conceptos sobre texturas del suelo y ciclo del agua en la instituci?n educativa Diego Fall?n sedes El Mango y El Llano

73 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo es resultado parcial, del trabajo liderado desde el Proyecto Construcci?n conceptual en el aula de clases dentro del proyecto Aula Viva del programa de Licenciatura para la Educaci?n b?sica en Ciencias Naturales y Educaci?n Ambiental de la Universidad del Tolima. La investigaci?n es un aporte a la construcci?n conceptual en la escuela, a trav?s de la realizaci?n de estrategias pedag?gicas y did?cticas, se construyen los conceptos de manera colaborativa o individual; El trabajo investigativo busca dar respuesta al siguiente interrogante: ?C?mo fortalecer en el aula de clases la construcci?n del concepto de texturas de suelo y ciclo fundamental del agua en el ?rea de ciencias naturales en los grados tercero, cuarto y quinto de la I.E. DIEGO FALLON? Para lograr que los estudiantes tengan una apropiaci?n conceptual de una manera pr?ctica y significativa. El trabajo responde a la investigaci?n de tipo formativo, centrada en el estudiante y el docente; a trav?s de las siguientes etapas: ?explorando el campo? resultado de una salida pedag?gica al campo, una segunda etapa ?grandes constructores? construcci?n del filtro y una tercera etapa en la que se incorporan las TIC, mediante la construcci?n de un blog. El territorio de observaci?n fue en la I. E. DIEGO FALLON del municipio de FALAN corregimiento de FRIAS, que cuenta con 525 estudiantes en los grados de preescolar a once y se trabajara con 9 estudiantes de la sedes el mango y el llano en los grados 3?, 4? y 5?, durante el a?o 2013.ABSTRACT. This work is a partial result, the led from conceptual construction project in the classroom in the Classroom program live project for Basic Education Degree in Natural Science and Environmental Education at the University of Tolima work. The research is a contribution to the conceptual construction at school, through the implementation of education and teaching strategies, concepts individually or collaboratively constructed; The research work seeks to answer the following question: How to strengthen in the classroom construction of the concept of soil textures and basic water cycle in the area of natural sciences in grades three, four and five of the IE DIEGO FALLON? To ensure that students have a conceptual appropriation of a practical and meaningful way. The work responds to the research training type, focused on the student and teacher; through the following steps: "exploring the countryside" result of an educational field trip, a second stage "big builders" filter construction and a third stage in which ICTs are incorporated, by building a blog. The territory of observation was in IE DIEGO FALLON FALAN Township village of FRIAS, with 525 students in grades kindergarten through eleven and 9 students work with the venues mango and plain in grades 3, 4th and 5th, in 2013.INTRODUCCI?N 14 1. IDENTIFICANDO TEXTURAS AGUDIZO MIS SENTIDOS 17 1.1. EL PROBLEMA 17 1.2. Objetivos 18 1.2.1. Objetivo General 18 1.2.2. Objetivos Espec?ficos 18 1.3. JUSTIFICACI?N 19 2. INTERACTUANDO CON M? ENTORNO 21 2.1. TIPO DE INVESTIGACI?N 21 2.2. POBLACI?N Y MUESTRA 23 2.3. T?CNICAS PARA RECOGER LA INFORMACI?N 25 2.4. ETAPAS DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 26 2.4.1. Primera Etapa ?Explorando el Campo? 26 2.4.2. Segunda Etapa ?Grandes Constructores? 26 2.4.3. Tercera etapa ?Conectados con el Mundo? 26 3. CONSTRUCCI?N CONCEPTUAL EN EL AULA DE CLASES 27 3.1. VISI?N LEGAL SOBRE LOS PROCESOS EDUCATIVOS 27 3.2. APROXIMACI?N PSICOL?GICA 29 3.3. PROCESO DE APRENDIZAJE 31 3.4. LUGAR PARA APREHENDER 37 3.5. TIC PARA LA EDUCACI?N 41 3.6. AMBIENTE Y NATURALEZA 46 4. MANEJEMOS NUESTROS RECURSOS AGUA Y SUELO 48 4.1. UBICACI?N GEOGR?FICA DEL TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACI?N 48 4.2. PRIMERA ETAPA 57 4.2.1. Explorando el Campo 57 4.3. SEGUNDA ETAPA 60 4.3.1. Grandes Constructores 60 4.4. TERCERA ETAPA 65 4.4.1. Conectados con el Mundo 65 5. CONCLUSIONES 66 RECOMENDACIONES 67 REFERENCIAS 68 ANEXOS 7

El marketing interno de Airbnb y su influencia en el compromiso afectivo organizacional de los hosts de Airbnb en Cusco

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal demostrar si existe una relaci?n de influencia entre la visi?n, desarrollo y recompensa del marketing interno de Airbnb y el compromiso afectivo organizacional de los anfitriones de Airbnb en la ciudad de Cusco. El tipo de investigaci?n es cuantitativo y el alcance de tipo explicativo. El dise?o es no experimental y de corte transversal. Para ello, se realiz? una revisi?n de literatura identificando antecedentes y una base de conocimiento sobre las variables de estudio. Se llev? a cabo una encuesta basada en el Instrumento de marketing interno de Money y Foreman y el Instrumento de compromiso organizacional de Meyer y Allen y fue empleada en los hosts de Airbnb de la ciudad de Cusco. Con ello, se pudo obtener conclusiones de tipo descriptivo, se comprob? fiabilidad, se realiz? un an?lisis factorial y se valid? el modelo. Finalmente, se aceptaron las hip?tesis planteadas: se comprob? una relaci?n de influencia entre la visi?n y el compromiso afectivo organizacional; se comprob? una relaci?n de influencia entre la recompensa y el compromiso afectivo organizacional y, por ?ltimo, se comprob? la relaci?n de influencia entre el desarrollo y el compromiso afectivo organizacional de los hosts de Airbnb en Cusco

Credit Cycles, Credit Risk and Countercyclical Loan Provisions

Article in English. Abstract in both English and Spanish

Plan de negocio para importaci?n y comercializaci?n de sellador l?quido para neum?ticos en Lima Metropolitana

El presente plan de negocio est? enfocado en la constituci?n de la empresa Easy Seal S.A.C. para la importaci?n y comercializaci?n de un sellador l?quido preventivo para neum?ticos, que permite sellar los ?pinchazos? de una manera r?pida, pr?ctica y segura. Para ello, el objetivo de presente plan de negocio es el siguiente: Desarrollar un plan de negocios para el lanzamiento de una empresa dedicada a la importaci?n y comercializaci?n de selladores tipo run flat para neum?ticos y proponer las estrategias para una exitosa implementaci?n

Plan de negocio para la creaci?n de una empresa de soluciones para la gesti?n de la dispensaci?n de medicamentos e insumos m?dicos de las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de Lima Metropolitana

El crecimiento de la inversi?n privada de las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud (IPRESS) en los ?ltimos a?os y la problem?tica de ?stas en el servicio de farmacia, cuyo impacto sobre las ventas es de casi el 50%, hacen pensar que la falta de control en la gesti?n de sus medicamentos e insumos puede afectar el margen de manera importante; sin embargo el desconocimiento de esta informaci?n no permite cuantificar la realidad del problema, que no s?lo afecta econ?micamente a las IPRESS, sino tambi?n en la calidad de atenci?n de los pacientes sobre todo enfocado a su seguridad. En este escenario surge la propuesta del Plan de Negocio de Servicios Automatizados para la Dispensaci?n de Medicamentos e Insumos de los Servicios de SOP, UCI y Emergencia de las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud Privadas de Lima Metropolitana, que tiene por objetivo determinar la viabilidad financiera del proyecto, cuantificar el mercado para el servicio de dispensaci?n automatizada en Lima Metropolitana, establecer el planeamiento estrat?gico para la organizaci?n, definir el plan de marketing y ventas, as? como estructurar el plan de operaciones y recursos humanos

Propuesta de un plan de negocio, basado en tecnolog?a, para atenci?n de consultas e incidentes relacionados a dispositivos electr?nicos

El servicio de soporte t?cnico se ha venido prestando de manera tradicional a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, no se ha evidenciado la existencia de alg?n proveedor, que brinde este servicio de manera integral, siendo independiente del dispositivo, marca y plataforma. En ese sentido, la presente tesis, propone un modelo de negocio que, fundament?ndose en tecnolog?a como elemento diferenciador, busca atender las consultas e incidentes de los usuarios de manera integral, eliminando la complejidad de buscar al proveedor que compete un determinado incidente. Asimismo, el uso de tecnolog?a, permitir? brindar un primer nivel de servicio totalmente gratuito, y otro pagado, que ser? el que generar?a ingresos a la empresa. En ambos casos, se buscar? maximizar la eficiencia en cuanto a operaciones y calidad del servicio. Finalmente, se ha contemplado tambi?n el uso de tecnolog?a anal?tica, que permita mejorar las operaciones de la empresa a lo largo del tiempo. Por ejemplo, mediante la consulta a bases de datos de conocimiento, lo cual permitir? una mayor eficiencia en la soluci?n de incidentes

NPR3 and NPR4 are receptors for the immune signal salicylic acid in plants

Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant immune signal produced upon pathogen challenge to induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR). It is the only major plant hormone for which the receptor has not been firmly identified. SAR in Arabidopsis requires the transcription cofactor NPR1 (nonexpresser of PR genes 1), whose degradation serves as a molecular switch for SAR. Here we show that NPR1 paralogues, NPR3 and NPR4, are SA receptors that bind SA with different affinities and function as adaptors of the Cullin 3 ubiquitin E3 ligase to mediate NPR1 degradation in an SA-regulated manner. Accordingly, the npr3 npr4 mutant accumulates higher levels of NPR1 and is insensitive to SAR induction. Moreover, this mutant is defective in pathogen effector-triggered programmed cell death and immunity. Our study reveals the mechanism of SA perception in determining cell death and survival in response to pathogen challenge

Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets. Methods Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis. Results A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p < 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p < 0.001). Conclusion We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty

Population‐based cohort study of outcomes following cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases

Background The aim was to describe the management of benign gallbladder disease and identify characteristics associated with all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications in a prospective population‐based cohort. Methods Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing all‐cause 30‐day readmissions and complications were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two‐level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 8909 patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 167 hospitals. Some 1451 cholecystectomies (16·3 per cent) were performed as an emergency, 4165 (46·8 per cent) as elective operations, and 3293 patients (37·0 per cent) had had at least one previous emergency admission, but had surgery on a delayed basis. The readmission and complication rates at 30 days were 7·1 per cent (633 of 8909) and 10·8 per cent (962 of 8909) respectively. Both readmissions and complications were independently associated with increasing ASA fitness grade, duration of surgery, and increasing numbers of emergency admissions with gallbladder disease before cholecystectomy. No identifiable hospital characteristics were linked to readmissions and complications. Conclusion Readmissions and complications following cholecystectomy are common and associated with patient and disease characteristics

Anti-tumour necrosis factor discontinuation in inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission: study protocol of a prospective, multicentre, randomized clinical trial

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease who achieve remission with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs may have treatment withdrawn due to safety concerns and cost considerations, but there is a lack of prospective, controlled data investigating this strategy. The primary study aim is to compare the rates of clinical remission at 1?year in patients who discontinue anti-TNF treatment versus those who continue treatment. Methods: This is an ongoing, prospective, double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with Crohn?s disease or ulcerative colitis who have achieved clinical remission for ?6?months with an anti-TNF treatment and an immunosuppressant. Patients are being randomized 1:1 to discontinue anti-TNF therapy or continue therapy. Randomization stratifies patients by the type of inflammatory bowel disease and drug (infliximab versus adalimumab) at study inclusion. The primary endpoint of the study is sustained clinical remission at 1?year. Other endpoints include endoscopic and radiological activity, patient-reported outcomes (quality of life, work productivity), safety and predictive factors for relapse. The required sample size is 194 patients. In addition to the main analysis (discontinuation versus continuation), subanalyses will include stratification by type of inflammatory bowel disease, phenotype and previous treatment. Biological samples will be obtained to identify factors predictive of relapse after treatment withdrawal. Results: Enrolment began in 2016, and the study is expected to end in 2020. Conclusions: This study will contribute prospective, controlled data on outcomes and predictors of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after withdrawal of anti-TNF agents following achievement of clinical remission. Clinical trial reference number: EudraCT 2015-001410-1