Studying gender at the lessons of Russian language: Symbolic and semantic approaches

The article is devoted to the studying gender at the lessons of Russian language. This paper examines the symbolic meaning of the word and reveals the concept of the word semantics relatively to inanimate nouns. To reveal the matter of the problem the words-concepts are used as an example. In the article the authors connect the essence of gender category with symbolic and semantic hypothesis of the ancient grammarians, according to which natural biological category "sexus" is correlated with grammatical category "genus". As a didactic material the authors present quotes from literary works, proverbs and sayings, which focus on the development of speech, enrichment of vocabulary and the formation of cultural competence of students. Having analyzed the structural and semantic principle of study of the category of gender in the Russian language by the example of culture lexemes, having studied the literature on research problem, having considered a learner as a linguistic personality, putting forward the lingvocultural approach to learning the Russian language as dominant, authors come to the conclusion, that the symbolic-semantic principle helps multifaceted language training

The role of language in cultural transmission between the generations of the Tatars living in China

The question of preservation and transmission of cultural elements from one generation to another is widely discussed within the scope of humanities and natural sciences. This article discusses the phenomenon of cultural transmission between generations of the Tatars residing in the CPR and the role of language in this. The eastern branch of the Tatar emigration is least studied of all in the language aspect, but deserves special attention. Therefore, language features of the Tatar language of the representatives of the Tatar diaspora in China were selected as the object of study of this project. A coverage of approaches to the study of the role of language in the cultural transmission is offered. Each language is a tool for formation, preservation and transmission of national culture. In this connection, the study of language as a cultural code of the nation, and not only as an instrument of communication and cognition is very important. And this is dictated by the process of rethinking the role of language in the cultural creative activity of man. Everything is evidence of the fact that language is not only a means of communication, but also a translator of culture. It is the vocabulary in which culture, realities, social features, and beliefs of the Tatars are mirrored

Didactic features of pedagogical interaction as the basis of university education

© 2017 Serials Publications.The relevance of the study is conditioned by the change of university education's values and sustainable orientation on the development of students' need "to go beyond being studied," and the ability to educate themselves throughout their lives. The purpose of the article is to develop practical recommendations on optimization of pedagogical interaction of teachers and students at the university. The leading approach to the study is the personality-centered approach involving the formation of each student's experience of creativity and capacity for self-organization and self-realization. The study involved 500 teachers and 500 students who learned functions of seminars (explanatory - systematizing, control - evaluative, information - cognitive, educational - developmental, general cultural, practice - oriented) and justified demands for seminars (exchange of information, teacher's focus on enhancing of each student's cognitive activity, cooperation of students with the teacher, the students performance of the roles of discussion's participant, opponent, thinker). The main results of the study are to identify methods (organizational - procedural, productive - practical, verbal - logical) and criteria for co-creation of the teacher and students. The significance of the results obtained is that the seminars' functions found out enable to combine the entities of co-creation on the basis of general cognitive interest (seminars - discussions) and the ability to meet their own learning needs (seminars - research). Demands put forward for seminars enable to develop criteria for evaluating the performance at the seminars, find types and techniques of conducting the training dispute. Methods identified make it possible to create different patterns of interaction of teachers and students both vertically and horizontally; organize the work of the students in small groups, pairs; engage students in the study and production planning, collective - individual thinking activity on lectures and seminars. The identified criteria for co-creation provide for entities' single "target space", functional responsibilities and co-management, the development of communicative and reflexive abilities, needs' updating in creative work

EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZING THE PREVENTING MEASURES FOR «ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA» DELIVERY AND SPREADING IN KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY

Analysis of measures for preventing the delivery and spreading of «atypical pneumonia» in Krasnoyarsk region is presented. Effect of counteracting with this infectious disease of the executive authority organs, State Surveillance service, public health and other interested institutions is emphasized. Further preventing measures against «atypical pneumonia» are determined

The Cryo-EM Structure of a Complete 30S Translation Initiation Complex from Escherichia coli

Formation of the 30S initiation complex (30S IC) is an important checkpoint in regulation of gene expression. The selection of mRNA, correct start codon, and the initiator fMet-tRNAfMet requires the presence of three initiation factors (IF1, IF2, IF3) of which IF3 and IF1 control the fidelity of the process, while IF2 recruits fMet-tRNAfMet. Here we present a cryo-EM reconstruction of the complete 30S IC, containing mRNA, fMet-tRNAfMet, IF1, IF2, and IF3. In the 30S IC, IF2 contacts IF1, the 30S subunit shoulder, and the CCA end of fMet-tRNAfMet, which occupies a novel P/I position (P/I1). The N-terminal domain of IF3 contacts the tRNA, whereas the C-terminal domain is bound to the platform of the 30S subunit. Binding of initiation factors and fMet-tRNAfMet induces a rotation of the head relative to the body of the 30S subunit, which is likely to prevail through 50S subunit joining until GTP hydrolysis and dissociation of IF2 take place. The structure provides insights into the mechanism of mRNA selection during translation initiation

Молекулярно-эпидемиологический анализ рифампицин-устойчивых штаммов Mycobacterium tuberculosis, выделенных на территории Кыргызской Республики

The nature and frequency of mutations in the rpoB gene of M. tuberculosis (MBT) vary considerably in various geographical locations. There is no information on the prevalence of specific mutations in the rpoB gene of MBT isolated from patients in Kyrgyz Republic. In this work, we analyzed a distribution of the rpoB gene mutations in Kyrgyz Republic. A total of 380 rifampicin-sensitive and 225 rifampicin-resistant MBT cultures were analyzed to identify and to characterize mutations in the rpoB gene using a biological microchip assay. The biochip test determined 18 different mutation types in 8 codons of the rifampicin-resistant samples. The majority of mutations (180 of 225, or 80 %) were in the codons 531 and 526, mainly in the codon 531 (137 of 225, 60.8 %). The Ser531>Leu mutation (134 of 225, 59.4 %) was by far the most common. Another group of mutations were in the codon 526 (43 of 225, 19.1 %). Five different types of mutations were found in the codon 526 which were: His526®Tyr (4.9 %), His 526®Asp (4.9 %), His526®Arg (4.0 %), His526®Leu (3.5 %), and His526®Pro (1.8 %). The third group of common mutations were Leu511®Pro (6.3 %) and Asp516®Tyr (4.4 %). Other mutations found in the codons 533, 522, 513, and 512 were less frequent and had a very low rate comprising about 1.8 % of the total mutation number among 225 rifampicinresistant samples.Для разных стран характерна разная частота встречаемости отдельных мутаций гена rpoB Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Учитывая регионально-географические особенности распространения мутаций в гене rpoB, обуславливающих резистентность к рифампицину, мы изучили спектр мутаций гена rpoB МБТ, циркулирующих на территории Кыргызской Республики. Исследовано 605 образцов ДНК МБТ, выделенных от больных туберкулезом, проживающих в 8 регионах Кыргызской Республики. Устойчивость МБТ к рифампицину идентифицировали методом биологических микрочипов. Методом биологических микрочипов выявлено 380 (62,8 %) чувствительных и 225 (37,2 %) рифампицин-устойчивых штаммов МБТ. Среди проанализированных рифампицин-устойчивых штаммов МБТ нам удалось выявить 18 различных типов мутаций, локализованных в 8 кодонах гена rpoB. При этом мутации в 531 и 526 кодонах встречались наиболее часто и обуславливали устойчивость к рифампицину в 80,0 % случаев. Среди всех рифампицин-устойчивых штаммов у 137 из 225 (60,8 %) образцов обнаружена мутация в 531 кодоне, при этом Ser531®Leu идентифицирована в 59,4 % (134 из 225) случаев. Второй по частоте встречаемости является мутация в 526 кодоне 19,1 % (43 из 225). В 526 кодоне выявлено 5 различных типов мутаций, в том числе His526®Tyr – 4,9 %; His526®Asp – 4,9 %; His526®Arg – 4,0 %; His526®Leu – 3,5 %; His526®Pro – 1,8 %. Третьими по частоте встречаемости являются мутации в 516 и 511 кодонах. В 516 кодоне выявлено Asp516®Tyr – 4,4 % и Asp516®Val – 0,8 % случаев. В 511 кодоне основной мутацией является Leu511®Pro – 6,3%. Мутации в 533, 522, 513 и 512 кодонах встречались редко. Частота встречаемости каждой из мутаций в 533, 522 и 513 кодонах среди всех рифампицин-устойчивых штаммов составила всего 1,8 %, а мутация в 512 кодоне встречалась в 1,4 % случаев

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Studying gender at the lessons of Russian language: Symbolic and semantic approaches

The article is devoted to the studying gender at the lessons of Russian language. This paper examines the symbolic meaning of the word and reveals the concept of the word semantics relatively to inanimate nouns. To reveal the matter of the problem the words-concepts are used as an example. In the article the authors connect the essence of gender category with symbolic and semantic hypothesis of the ancient grammarians, according to which natural biological category "sexus" is correlated with grammatical category "genus". As a didactic material the authors present quotes from literary works, proverbs and sayings, which focus on the development of speech, enrichment of vocabulary and the formation of cultural competence of students. Having analyzed the structural and semantic principle of study of the category of gender in the Russian language by the example of culture lexemes, having studied the literature on research problem, having considered a learner as a linguistic personality, putting forward the lingvocultural approach to learning the Russian language as dominant, authors come to the conclusion, that the symbolic-semantic principle helps multifaceted language training