Assessment of water quality for selected boreholes and sachets water in Maigatari Town, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Eight water samples were collected, four from different vendors of sachet water and four from different boreholes across Maigatari town. The samples were analyzed for pH using pH meter; Electrical Conductivity using a conductivity meter; while Turbidity of the water using turbidity meter. TDS and TSS using TDS meter. The electron microscope was used to determine the microbial counts. The results of the analysis revealed the range of values for the four (4) sachet and borehole waters respectively as pH (7 – 7.6) and (6 – 6.3); Conductivity (181 – 600) and (413 – 998) µS/m; Turbidity (0 – 2) and (1 – 2) NTU; Total Dissolve Solids (128 – 219) and (131 – 405) Mg/L; Total Suspended Solids (62 – 85) and (71 – 88) Mg/L; Total Solids (227 – 288) and (215 – 476) Mg/L; Microbes (0 – 1) and (0 – 3) cfu/mL; Total Hardness (41.5 – 111) and (50.1 – 123.3) Mg/L. The result also revealed strong positive correlation between pH and Conductivity (0.780); pH and TDS (0.875); pH and Microbes (1.046); turbidity and TS (0.906); Turbidity and Hardness (0.933); TS and Hardness (0.972) in sachet water. While Strong positive correlation existed between Conductivity and TDS (0.861); Conductivity and TSS (0.809); TDS and TSS (0.941) in borehole water. The water quality parameters analyzed were within the threshold of the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) with the exception of very few in one or the other samples. The parameters were significantly related to one another. It was however, recommended that the water vendors should improve the drinking water quality of their products and the officials of the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) should ensure strict adherence to regulations for drinking water quality.Keywords: Borehole, Sachet, Quality, Water, Turbidity, Conductivity, Total Dissolve Solid

Positive Self-Concept In Liz Murray’s Breaking Night (2010): A Humanistic Psychological Approach

This Study is about Positive Self-Concept in Liz Murray’s Breaking Night (2010) directed by Liz Murray which is analyzed by using humanistic psychological approach. The objectives of the research is to analyze the memoir based on the structural analysis of the memoir and based on humanistic psychological approach by Carl Rogers. This research paper belongs to qualitative research. Data of the research are divided into two, primary data and secondary data. The primary data of the research is The Breaking Night memoir by author Liz Murray in 2010. While secondary data of the research are other materials taken from some books, author biographies, comments, website searching about Breaking Night Memoir that support the analysis. The method to analyze of this data is descriptive analysis. The researcher describes two conclusions in his research. The first, based on structural analysis it shows that Liz Murray successfully combining all the structural elements of the story including character and characterization, setting, plot, point of view, theme as well into unity. The second, based on humanistic psychological analysis it shows that in the Breaking Night memoir Liz Murray illustrates psychological phenomena in which in individual is someone who wants to build positive self-concept in herself with always does positive things, thinks positive and has self confidence in living life

Antimicrobial-resistant in Escherichia coli isolated from different effluent locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

The safety of municipal water is increasingly becoming of concern globally. Agricultural activities, industrial and residential effluents and community waste are ways through which water sources are contaminated and resistant bacteria can be spread via effluents to municipal water. The study aimed to isolate and determine the distribution of antimicrobial drug-resistant Escherichia coli from different points of the University sewer system in April 2018. A total of 48 samples were collected twice weekly from the six randomly selected inspection chamber sites out of the 14 identified sites. The selected sites of the sewer were located in some hostels, markets and health service areas within the ABU. main campus. The samples were processed by culturing on an EMB agar plate followed by biochemical characterization using conventional biochemical tests and Microbact 12E. An antimicrobial sensitivity test was also carried out using 13 different antibiotic discs. The results obtained revealed that the Community market had an isolation rate of 4(50%), while Sickbay had 3(37.5%) and Danfodiyo hostel with 2(25%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance index (MARI) was found to be 0.31 from four isolates (36%) of E. coli of which 3(75%) were sampled from Sickbay and 1(25%) from ABU Dam. Also, five isolates (45%) had MARI of 0.23, of which 2(40%) were sampled from Danfodiyo hostel, 1(20%) from Ribadu hostel and 2(40%) from Community market. The E. coli isolates were more resistant to Ampicillin, tetracycline and cephalothin. Other bacteria isolated were Klebsiella ozaenae, Hapnea alvei and Morganella morganii all with MARI of 0.31. There is a need for public health awareness on the effect of discharging antibiotic-resistant E. coli contaminated effluent into the environment and water bodies. Hence, the public health significance of recycling such water for domestic usage and agricultural purpose

Efficacy of some bio-control agent formulations on scab of cowpea and groundnut late leaf spot in the Nigerian savanna

Field experiment on fungicidal efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus cereus formulations against cowpea scab and groundnut late leaf spot was conducted. The trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons on two farms of the Institute for Agricultural Research located at Samaru, Zaria (110 12′ N, 070 37′ E) in the Northern Guinea savanna and Minijbir, Kano (08031' E., l20 03' N) in the Sudan savanna. The formulations were applied as seed treatment, foliar spray and also incorporated into the soil by broadcasting the powdered formulations on the ridges. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times with five treatments which consisted of the three formulations, Funguforce (Mancozeb + Carbendazim) and control. Data were taken on plant emergence, pod yield, disease incidence and severity. Irrespective of the treatments, incidence of scab at both Samaru and Minjibir were at par. However, Funguforce application gave lowest mean scab severities of 10% and 8.5% at Minjibir and Samaru respectively in 2017. In 2016 at Samaru, P. fluorescens had the lowest incidence (50.57 %) while B. cereus had the lowest severity (14.40 %) of groundnut late leaf spot. At Minjibir however, T. harzianum recorded the lowest incidence (48.75 %) and severity (18.22 %). The incidence and severity of groundnut late leaf spot at Samaru in 2017 did not significantly vary while at Minjibir lowest incidence (9.77 %) and severity (9.73 %) were recorded on Funguforce. The microbial formulations recorded an average pod yield increase of 10 – 58 % which was comparable with that of Funguforce. The use of formulations of T. harzianum, P. fluorescens and B. cereus in the management of fungal diseases of cowpea and groundnut in the Nigerian savanna is therefore recommended.Keywords: Genetic-crosses, RILs, Polymorphisms, Genetic-Markers, EP

PERANAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI DALAM MEMPENGARUHI PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT (KAJIAN ASPEK HUKUM DAN BISNIS)

Tujuan dilaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman, mengevaluasi masalah didalam masyarakat serta mengupayakan memberikan solusi terhadap masalah yang ada di masyarakat terutama mengenai peranan pendidikan tinggi dalam mempengaruhi perekonomian masyarakat. Kebanyakan masyarakat menganggap bahwa pendidikan perguruan tinggi hanya bagi kalangan masyarakat yang mampu saja serta tidak terlalu berguna bagi masyarakat karena telah mengetahuinya melalui teknologi saat ini maupun dari sosial media serta orang ke orang saat ini. Dengan adanya pengabdian masyarakat ini dapat memberikan solusi dan penyegaran beberapa materi ilmu dasar pendidikan yang didapat di perguruan tinggi yang tidak diketahui masyarakat luas dan pemahaman Pendidikan perguruan tinggi mempengaruhi perekonomian masyarakat tersebut. Sehingga pelaksanaan pengabdian ini yang dilakukan di masyarakat memiliki penyelesaian

Risk factors and knowledge of Brucella infection in camels, attitudes and practices of camel handlers in Katsina State, Nigeria

The study was conducted to determine the risk factors to brucellosis in one-humped (Dromedary) camels and to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of camel handlers to Brucellosis in Katsina State, Nigeria. Camels in herds and those brought to the abattoir for slaughter in the north and central senatorial districts of Katsina State were sampled for the study. Structured questionnaires were administered to determine knowledge, attitude and practices of camel handlers to camel brucellosis in Katsina state, Nigeria Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) with EDTA were used as screening and standard tests respectively. Out of a total of 980 camel sera tested, 11.2% and 10.5% were positive with RBPT and SAT, respectively. Female had OD 1.758 (95% CI = 1.157 – 2.669, p = 0.008) more chances of getting infected than males camels. There was statistical significant association (ᵡ2= 7.189, p = 0.007) observed in the prevalence rates in favour of females. It was also observed that camels of age group 16-20 years showed highest prevalence to brucellosis. There was statistical significant association (ᵡ2 = 13.602, p = 0.009) observed in the prevalence rates according to age. It was determined that there is very poor knowledge of camel brucellosis amongst stakeholders as a result they had a "lassez faire" attitude towards the disease and no practices towards prevention of infection either to them or their animals. There is the need to carry out awareness campaigns to enlighten camel owners, herdsmen, abattoir staff about the dangers of poor hygiene during meat and milk processing, the importance of use of protective clothing when carrying out these operations and the dangers of zoonotic diseases and the dangers of consumption of unpasteurized camel milk and milk products, the public health significance of the brucellosis and that there is the need to develop a strategic plan to decrease spread of brucellosis in the study area.Keywords: Brucella, Seroprevalence, Camels, KAP, Risk Factor

Association of Protein Expression p53 Mutants with Regional Lymph Gland Status on type III Carcinoma Nasofaring Patients

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant disease originating from the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The molecular mechanism of cancer occurrence is a change in the oncogene and tumor suppressor genes. One of the tumor suppressor genes that mutate in cancer cells is the mutant p53 gene. One of nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression is determined by the status of regional lymph gland. The enormous regional lymph node has a poor prognosis. To analyze the expression of the mutant p53 protein in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that correlated with regional lymph gland status (N) as a clinical manifestation. Expression of mutant p53 protein from NPC tissue paraffin block with immunohistochemical cracking technique was using monoclonal rabbit Anti Human p53 clone 318-6-11 (Dako, North America, Inc., 6392 Via Real Carpinteria, CA 93013 USA), microscope light binoculars was assessed visually by an Anatomical Pathology Consultant. Positive expression of p53 mutants was obtained 57.58% from all the sample in N0 by 0 subjects, N1 was 6 subjects, N2 was 7 subjects, and N3 was 7 subjects. The results of Mann–Whitney U test was p = 0.706, then there was no significant (p > 0.05) correlation between positive expression of p53 protein in type III WHO NPC with the regional lymph gland were N0, N1, N2, and N3. There was no significant between expression protein p53 mutants’ regional and lymph gland in type III WHO NPC

PEMBUATAN KIT SEDERHANA BERBASIS POLIVINIL ALKOHOL DARI LIMBAH PABRIK TEKSTIL UNTUK PEMERIKSAAN KADAR IODIUM DALAM GARAM BERIODIUM

Iodium merupakan suatu elemen mineral mikro yang sangat penting bagi manusia walaupun dibutuhkan dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil atau tidak sebanyak zat-zat gizi lainnya. Manusia tidak dapat membuat elemen/unsur iodium secara alamiah dalam tubuhnya seperti halnya protein atau gula, namun harus didapatkan dari luar tubuh yaitu dari makanan serta minuman. Mengingat pentingnya peranan iodium maka pemerintah melalui Keputusan Presiden nomor 69 tahun 1994, telah menetapkan pentingnya iodisasi garam. Iodisasi garam dilakukan dengan penambahan kalium iodat (KI03) sebesar 30-80 ppm (mg/kg). Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan uji sederhana untuk menentukan kandungan iodium dalam garam beriodium yang beredar di pasaran sehingga masyarakat lebih berperan serta untuk mengontrol kandungan iodiumnya. Yoshinaga dkk (2004) menemukan bahwa polivinil alkohol (PVA) dapat membentuk kompleks berwarna biro jika direaksikan dengan iodin. Kompleks ini menyerap cahaya pada panjang gelombang 577 nm. Sementara itu PVA digunakan di industri tekstil sebagai kanji sintetis dan akhirnya dibuang sebagai limbah yang justru menaikkan harga COD limbah. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan PVA dari limbah pabrik tekstil sebagai bahan pembuatan kit sederhana untuk penentuan kandungan iodium dalam garam beriodium. Penelitian dirancang dengan memvariasi variabel bebas secara multivariat untuk menentukan kondisi optimum. Variabel-variabel tersebut adalah massa garam NaCl, konsentrasi PVA, konsentrasi asam asetat, dan konsentrasi KI. Absorbansi sampel diukur dengan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 577 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massa garam NaCl berpengaruh terhadap terbentuknya kompleks PVA-I2. Semakin besar konsentrasi garam sampai 1,5 g/ 5 mL, kompleks PVA-I2 yang terbentuk juga semakin besar. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh meningkatnya harga absorbansi larutan secara linier. Tetapi konsentrasi garam yang lebih besar dari 1,5 g! 5 mL tidak menaikkan harga absorbansi sampel. Konsentrasi PVA juga berpengaruh terhadap terbentuknya kompleks PVA-I2. Semakin besar konsentrasi PVA maka kompleks PVA-I2 yang terbentuk juga semakin banyak. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan timbulnya endapan jika konsentrasi PVA yang digunakan lebih besar dari 0,75%. Terbentuknya kompleks PVA-12 juga dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi KI. Semakin besar konsentrasi KI maka kompleks PVA-I2 yang terbentuk juga semakin banyak. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan timbulnya endapan jika konsentrasi KI yang digunakan lebih besar dari 40 mg/ 5 mL. Reaksi antara ion iodat dan iodida berlangsung dalam suasana asam. Penambahan asam asetat 10% menyebabkan terbentuknya kompleks PVA-I2 optimal. Penambahan asam asetat lebih besar dari 10% justru menurunkan nilai absorbansi sampel. Hasil uji coba kit yang dibuat dengan mengadopsi kondisi optimum menunjukkan bahwa graduasi wama kit untuk konsentrasi KIO3 lebih besar dari 5 ppm cukup jelas. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kit yang dibuat dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kandungan iodium dalam garam beriodium yang beredar di pasaran. Hal ini telah dibuktikan dengan menganalisa kandungan iodium pada beberapa merek garam beriodium yang beredar di Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kit ini mempunyai kemampuan yang cukup baik untuk digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari

CLIL approach in encouraging self-efficacy amongst Malaysian gifted students for Arabic tasks accomplishment

CLIL approach refers to Content and Language Integrated Learning. This paper discusses the self-efficacy of Malaysian Gifted Students (MGS) at GENIUS@Pintar Negara in understanding Arabic tasks in the classroom, for example, understanding the Arabic terms in the lesson of Haji. These terms are; a) dam tertib and takdir, b) dam tertib and ta’dil, c) dam takhyir and takdir, d) dam takhyir and ta’dil. Besides, by employing the CLIL, the MGS can improve themselves because the CLIL approach encourages their self-efficacy to completely deal with the language task. The present study employs; qualitative study by using an interview, verbal report, and observation. This method is an instrument to answer two research questions. a) How the individual of MGS adapts his/ her situation to understand the four Arabic terms of the dam in Haji after undergo the three principles stages of classroom task in CLIL? b) What is the best method to memorize the four Arabic terms of the dam in Haji? In this study, three participants took part in the pilot study, and seven participants took part in the actual study. The present study revealed that the MGS in the Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara prefer to be independent learners by using the internet to understand the four Arabic terms and memorize by using keywords related to the four Arabic terms in performing Haji