A New Group of Tarand Graves in the South- Western Part of Leningrad Oblast

During recent years, a new group of tarand graves was discovered on the Izhora Heights (south-western Leningrad oblast). The majority of them are dated to the Early Roman Period. In total, 15 sites and find spots have been reported. In 2008–2013, the present author conducted excavations at two burial grounds with tarand graves – Kerstovo 1 and Malli. This study discusses the evidence on the burial rite and funerary structures at these cemeteries. Typical groups of grave goods have been identified from the sites on the Izhora Heights and linked with particular chronological spans from the Early Roman Period to the Merovingian Period. The tarand graves of the Roman Period represent a local variant that finds its closest parallels at sites in north-eastern Estonia. The particular peculiarity of this group of cemeteries arises from the fact that they are geographically isolated and contain numerous weapons and objects imported from the more eastern regions of the Finno-Ugric world. The sites of the Late Roman Period and the Migration Period have yielded only individual finds. The Merovingian Period is best represented by the finds from the cemetery of Malli. The closest parallels for these finds are found among the synchronous antiquities of Estonia

Developing Students' Professional Lingual Identity in Higher Education

This review article covers the International scientific and practical conference "Traditions and Innovations in Developing Stu­dents' Professional Lingual Identity". In 2019 the conference was initi­ated and organized by the chair of Russian and foreign languages and speech culture of The Ural State Law University (Ekaterinburg, Russia). Scientific and methodological themes of the conference united scien­tists from the Russian Federation and other countries (China, Kyrgyz­stan, USA) by their research interests. The article summarizes the key ideas of the reports presented by the participants.В статье представлены материалы Международной научно-методической конференции "Применение традиционных и инновационных технологий развития профессиональной языковой личности студентов", прошедшей 14 февраля 2019 г. в Екатеринбурге

Assessment of the Use of the Potential of Agricultural Lands in Voronezh Region

The uniqueness and specifics of the land significantly affects both the organization of agricultural production and the rural area management. In order to make well-founded management decisions the economic subjects and public authorities need scientific grounding for assessment of land potential and its use efficiency. The authors suggest using three approaches to land quality and use assessment: agro-climatic potential, land quality score and agricultural production per hectare. Uniting these approaches into single assessment procedure produces a fairly objectively estimation of the economic potential of agricultural land in each selected territory

Enhancement of energy efficiency of the vacuum oil distillation unit using pinch analysis

The actual task of the state is to increase the energy efficiency of the oil refinery. The object of research is a vacuum distillation unit, including a preheating unit for raw materials and a furnace for heating fuel oil before the column. Pinch analysis allows to analyze and optimize a large number of heat flows. In this study the analysis and enhancement of efficiency of the research object is carried out by enthalpy pinch analysis.  In order to reduce the heat load of the furnaces, the additional flows were introduced into the heat exchange system of the oil heating unit. Parametric optimization of the new heat exchange system was carried out. The minimum needs of the heat exchange system in external energy carriers are determined. An enthalpy cascade of the heat exchange system has been constructed, which clearly shows the distribution of heat between each heat flow of the system. In the analysis of the energy efficiency of a furnace, an important point is the determination of the optimal heat capacity of the combustion products. In this work, we have determined the optimal flow heat capacity, at which the heat loss with the exhaust gases is minimal. As a result of the studies carried out, the efficiency of the fuel oil preheating unit has been increased by maximizing heat recovery, and the cost of external energy carriers has been minimized. By reducing heat loss with flue gases, it was possible to increase the efficiency of the furnace

Non3 is an essential Drosophila gene required for proper nucleolus assembly

The nucleolus is a dynamic non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle, which plays key roles not only in ribosome biogenesis but also in many other cellular processes. Consistent with its multiple functions, the nucleolus has been implicated in many human diseases, including cancer and degenerative pathologies of the nervous system and heart. Here, we report the characterization of the Drosophila Non3 (Novel nucleolar protein 3) gene, which encodes a protein homologous to the human Brix domain-containing Rpf2 that has been shown to control ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing. We used imprecise P-element excision to generate four new mutant alleles in the Non3 gene. Complementation and phenotypic analyses showed that these Non3 mutations can be arranged in an allelic series that includes both viable and lethal alleles. The strongest lethal allele (Non3∆600) is a genetically null allele that carries a large deletion of the gene and exhibits early lethality when homozygous. Flies heterozygous for Non3∆600 occasionally exhibit a mild reduction in the bristle size, but develop normally and are fertile. However, heteroallelic combinations of viable Non3 mutations (Non3197, Non3310 and Non3259) display a Minute-like phenotype, consisting in delayed development and short and thin bristles, suggesting that they are defective in ribosome biogenesis. We also demonstrate that the Non3 protein localizes to the nucleolus of larval brain cells and it is required for proper nucleolar localization of Fibrillarin, a protein important for post-translational modification and processing of rRNAs. In summary, we generated a number of genetic and biochemical tools that were exploited for an initial characterization of Non3, and will be instrumental for future functional studies on this gene and its protein product

Supramolecular architecture-controlled self-assemblies of calixarenes

The controlled self-assembly of macrocyclic molecules based on calixarenes in functional supramolecular entities is an interesting topic of research in the area of supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology. Due to many possible applications, such molecule receptors can be useful as base elements in the development of sensors and as selective carriers in industrial membrane extraction technologies. Being highly affine and convertible effectors and catalysts, the calixarenes can be considered as building blocks for constructing nanosized structures adapted for recognition specific guest molecules. The role of calixarenes in the design, synthesis and application of nanoscale aggregates with metal cations by self-association processes is discussed. Among others, the approaches to the synthesis and modification of nanoparticles ranging from 1 nm to 1 mm are considered with particular emphasis to the areas of their possible application in nanotechnology. The discussion is focused on the establishment of the "structure-property" relationships that allow determining size, shape, and chemical properties of the nanoscale aggregates at the spatial structure level as well as their application. The aggregation of metal cations and calixarenes is of special interest due to the following reasons: (i) metal cations can participate in photon absorption or emission, electron transfer, and ion exchange and (ii) synthetic receptors are able to form molecular or supramolecular architectures of predicted spatial arrangement of the active parts, among them, due to their interaction with metal cations. This combination of above mentioned properties is favorable for the synthesis of supramolecular structures with useful chemical, physical and biological properties dependent on the size of components, i.e., the quantity of atoms or molecules forming nanoscale structures. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved

Synthesis of silver and lithium sub-micro-and nanoparticles coated with derivatives of p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes

The effect of solvent nature and temperature on the formation of 3D-dimensional SAM (selfassembled monolayers on nanoparticles) based on synthetically available stereoisomers of p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes tetrasubstituted at the lower rim by pyrrolidide and octylamide groups (cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate) with lithium and silver nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light-scattering and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the variation of the temperature of the system and the nature of the solvent leads to the formation discrete or extended particles (CH 2Cl 2) (98-110 nm), nanostructures (CH 3CN) (120-295 nm) or three-dimensional SAM (DMF) (1-13 nm; 46-622 nm). © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V

The synthesis of p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes functionalized with secondary amide groups at the lower rim and their extraction properties and self-assembly into nanoscale aggregates

In this work, the synthesis of novel p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes functionalized with the secondary amide groups at the lower rim in cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate conformations is described. The ability of novel thiacalixarene derivatives to form dimeric associates held together by hydrogen bonds of p-tert-butyl thiacalixarenes and to recognize metal ions of s (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+), p (Al3+, Pb2+), and d (Fe3+, Co3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Hg2+) elements was investigated by the picrate extraction method and dynamic light scattering (DLS). As was established, the thiacalix[4]arenes investigated are poor extractants for all the metal ions. Meanwhile they self-associate to form dimers of similar size (1.1-2.7 nm) and nanoscale particles consisting of p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes and silver cations with hydrodynamic diameters of 70-170 nm. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Solvent extraction and self-assembly of nanosized aggregates of p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes tetrasubstituted at the lower rim by tertiary amide groups and monocharged metal cations in the organic phase

New p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes functionalized with morpholide and pyrrolidide groups at the lower rim in cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate conformations were synthesized, and their receptor properties for monocharged cations (alkali metal and silver ions) were studied using the picrate extraction method and dynamic light scattering (DLS). To evaluate the ability of the p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arene derivatives to recognize metal ions, liquid-liquid extraction of their picrate salts has been carried out in a mutually saturated water-dichloromethane system. The degrees of extraction and the extraction constants for monocharged metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) have been determined. The ability of the systems, consisting of host and guest molecules, to self-assembly was proved by DLS using a Zetasizer Nano ZS particle size analyzer. It was shown that all the investigated thiacalix[4]arenes are able to form nanoscale particles with silver cations under the experimental conditions. The pyrrolidide derivative in the cone conformation showed both self-association and aggregation processes with lithium cations. The degree of extraction for all the investigated systems that formed nanoscale aggregates in the organic phase was more than 67% and the extraction constants, log Kex determined by the picrate extraction method, more than 6. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Cascade and commutative self-assembles of nanoscale three-component systems controlled by the conformation of thiacalix[4]arene

In this work, the formation of two- and three-component supramolecular systems based on cone, partial cone, 1,3-alternate stereoisomers of heteroditopic "hosts": p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene containing 4-amidopyridine fragments with silver(I) cations and dicarboxylic acids in liquid and solid phases were studied by UV spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy methods. It has been shown that these macrocycles are coreceptors, capable of simultaneously binding silver(I) cations, dicarboxylic acids (oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric acids), and hydroxyl acids (glycol, tartaric acids). For the first time, by the dynamic light scattering method, it has been shown that the conformation of p-tert-butyl thiacalix[4]arenes significantly affects the type of three-component system formed: cone is characterized by the formation of cascade systems; for partial cone, intermediate systems; and for the 1,3-alternate stereoisomers, three types of three-component systems (cascade, intermediate, and commutative) were observed. © 2011 American Chemical Society