Wildfire smoke in the Siberian Arctic in summer: source characterization and plume evolution from airborne measurements

We present airborne measurements of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), equivalent black carbon (EBC) and ultra fine particles over North-Eastern Siberia in July 2008 performed during the YAK-AEROSIB/POLARCAT experiment. During a "golden day" (11 July 2008) a number of biomass burning plumes were encountered with CO mixing ratio enhancements of up to 500 ppb relative to a background of 90 ppb. Number concentrations of aerosols in the size range 3.5–200 nm peaked at 4000 cm<sup>−3</sup> and the EBC content reached 1.4 μg m<sup>−3</sup>. These high concentrations were caused by forest fires in the vicinity of the landing airport in Yakutsk where measurements in fresh smoke could be made during the descent. We estimate a combustion efficiency of 90 ± 3% based on CO and CO<sub>2</sub> measurements and a CO emission factor of 65.5 ± 10.8 g CO per kilogram of dry matter burned. This suggests a potential increase in the average northern hemispheric CO mixing ratio of 3.0–7.2 ppb per million hectares of Siberian forest burned. For BC, we estimate an emission factor of 0.52 ± 0.07 g BC kg<sup>−1</sup>, comparable to values reported in the literature. The emission ratio of ultra-fine particles (3.5–200 nm) was 26 cm<sup>−3</sup> (ppb CO)<sup>−1</sup>, consistent with other airborne studies. <br><br> The transport of identified biomass burning plumes was investigated using the FLEXPART Lagrangian model. Based on sampling of wildfire plumes from the same source but with different atmospheric ages derived from FLEXPART, we estimate that the e-folding lifetimes of EBC and ultra fine particles (between 3.5 and 200 nm in size) against removal and growth processes are 5.1 and 5.5 days respectively, supporting lifetime estimates used in various modelling studies

Excitation of elastic oscillations in solids by a pulsed proton beam

At present, the beams of charged particles are used not only in fundamental researches but they have found a wide application in solving the plasma electronics problems, modification of material surfaces properties and in a number of other applications

Коронавирусная инфекция у детей в Омской области

The study of the infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is highly relevant. Objective: To study the clinical and epidemiological features of a new coronavirus infection in children in the city of Omsk and the Omsk region during the 2020 epidemic. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective study of 68 children aged 1—18 years diagnosed with new coronavirus disease and receiving medical treatment in Infectious Diseases Hospital of City Children's Clinical Hospital № in Omsk between April and September 2020. In all children, the diagnosis was confirmed by examination of nasopharyngeal / oropharyngeal swabs for RNA SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. Results. Among those hospitalized prevailed children over 10 years old (61.7%), no reliable difference based on sex was observed. 83.8% of children contacted with COVID-19-infected people. Most children had the new coronavirus infection in mild form (61.8%) with upper respiratory tract damage. Pneumonia was recorded only in 16.2% of examined children over the age of 10. The key clinical symptoms in childhood were: yawn hyperemia, fever and cough. Impaired sense of smell in the form of hyposmia and anosmia developed only in children over the age of 10. Leukopenia detection in blood in moderate forms correlated with the presence of pneumonia. Conclusion. Given the mild course of COVID-19 in children, early isolation and treatment on an outpatient basis should be considered the most effective approach to patient management.Изучение инфекции, вызванной коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, весьма актуально. Цель: изучить клинико-эпидемиологические особенности новой коронавирусной инфекции у детей в г. Омске и Омской области в период эпидемии 2020 года. Материалы и методы. Было проведено ретроспективное исследование историй болезни 68 детей в возрасте от 1 года до 18 лет с новой коронавирусной инфекцией, находившихся на лечении в инфекционном стационаре БУЗОО ГДКБ № 3 г. Омска в период с апреля по сентябрь 2020 г. У всех детей диагноз был подтвержден путем исследования мазков из носо/ротоглотки на наличие РНК SARS-CoV-2 методом ПЦР. Результаты. Среди госпитализированных преобладали дети старше 10 лет (61,7%), достоверной разницы в зависимости от пола выявлено не было. У 83,8% детей был установлен контакт с больными COVID-19. У большинства детей новая коронавирусная инфекция протекала в легкой форме (61,8%) с поражением верхних дыхательных путей. Наличие пневмонии регистрировалось только у 16,2% обследуемых в возрасте старше 10 лет. Ведущими клиническими симптомами в детском возрасте были: гиперемия ротоглотки, лихорадка и кашель. Нарушение обоняния в виде гипо- и аносмии развивалось только у детей в возрасте старше 10 лет. Выявление в крови лейкопении при среднетяжелых формах коррелировало с наличием пневмонии. Заключение. Учитывая легкое течение COVID-19 у детей, наиболее эффективным подходом к курации больных следует считать раннюю изоляцию и лечение в амбулаторных условиях

Поражения сердца у детей на фоне течения COVID-19

Ongoing research on SARS-CoV-2 showed the ability of a pathogen to affect cardio-vascular system in the form of myocarditis, dysrhythmia, cardiac failure, etc. According to an infectious diseases hospital in Omsk, changes in the heart were recorded in 3.3% of children hospitalized with COVID-19. Authors conducted a retrospective study of 24 children aged 1—17 years 11 months with a new coronavirus infection who recieved treatment in an infectious diseases hospital at the Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Omsk Oblast City Children's Clinical Hospital №3 in Omsk from October 2020 to December 2021. It was found that heart lesions were more often recorded in children over 10 years old, all males. In most patients, cardiac lesions developed in presence of concomitant pathology and were combined with lung damage. Clinical manifestations indicating involvement in the pathological process of the cardiovascular system appeared in addition to respiratory infection. They were mild and nonspecific.Продолжающиеся исследования в отношении SARS-CoV-2 показали возможность возбудителя поражать сердечно-сосудистую систему в виде миокардитов, нарушений ритма, сердечной недостаточности и др. По данным инфекционного стационара г. Омска, изменения со стороны сердца регистрировались у 3,3% госпитализированных детей с COVID-19. Материалы и методы. Было проведено ретроспективное исследование историй болезни 24 детей в возрасте от 1 года до 17 лет 11 месяцев с новой коронавирусной инфекцией, находившихся на лечении в инфекционном стационаре БУЗОО ГДКБ №3 г. Омска в период с октября 2020 года по декабрь 2021 г. Результаты. Было выявлено, что поражения сердца чаще регистрируются в группе детей старше 10 лет, мужского пола. У большинства пациентов поражения сердца развивались на фоне сопутствующей патологии и сочетались с поражением легких. Клинические проявления, свидетельствующие о вовлечении в патологический процесс сердечно-сосудистой системы, появлялись на фоне респираторной инфекции, были слабо выражены и неспецифичны

Клинический случай развития мультисистемного воспалительного синдрома у ребенка с новой коронавирусной инфекцией

Objective: The article deals with a clinical case of new coronavirus infection in a 1 5-year-old child who was receiving treatment in an infectious diseases hospital of City Children's Clinical Hospital №3 during the period from 1 0 October to 1 December 2020.Materials and methods. The diagnosis was confirmed through nasal swabs examination for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using PCR and SARS-CoV-2 IgM detection through ELISA.Results. The main feature of the infection course in the present patient was multisystem inflammatory syndrome development with long-term fever, maculopapular rash and multisystemic lesions including bilateral pneumonia, acute carditis and polyserositis.Цель: описание клинического случая новой коронавирусной инфекции у ребенка 15 лет, находившегося на лечении в инфекционном стационаре БУЗОО ГДКБ №3 г. Омска в период с 10 ноября по 1 декабря 2020 г.Материалы и методы. Диагноз был подтвержден исследованием мазков из носоглотки на наличие РНК SARS-CoV-2 методом ПЦР и обнаружением IgM к SARS-CoV-2 методом ИФА.Результаты. Особенностью течения коронавирусной инфекции у данного пациента явилось развитие мультисистемного воспалительного синдрома с длительной лихорадкой, пятнисто-папулезной сыпью, полиорганными поражениями, включающими двустороннюю пневмонию, острый кардит, полисерозит

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ГОРЯЧЕЙ ОБЪЕМНОЙ ШТАМПОВКИ ПОКОВКИ ИЗ АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО СПЛАВА АК6

The possibility of modeling the actual production process of hot bulk forging of the forged piece made of AK6 aluminum alloy is investigated using the DEFORM-3D computer program. Parameters corresponding to production conditions of this process were introduced: die heating temperature of 350 °C, billet heating temperature of 360–470 °C, die working stroke velocity of 5 mm/s, and friction factor (by Siebel) of 0,5. It is shown that computer modeling in the DEFORM-3D program allows us to analyze the actual processes of hot bulk forging of aluminum alloys and introduce recommendations on their correction.Проведено исследование возможности моделирования реального технологического процесса горячей объемной штамповки поковки из алюминиевого сплава АК6 с помощью компьютерной программы DEFORM-3D. Вводились параметры, соответствующие производственным условиям данного процесса: температура нагрева штампа 350 °С, температура нагрева заготовок 360–470 °С, скорость рабочего хода пресса – 5 мм/с, фактор трения (по Зибелю) – 0,5. Показано, что компьютерное моделирование в программе DEFORM-3D позволяет анализировать реальные процессы горячей объемной штамповки алюминиевых сплавов и вносить рекомендации по их корректировке

Coronavirus disease in children in the Omsk region

The study of the infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is highly relevant. Objective: To study the clinical and epidemiological features of a new coronavirus infection in children in the city of Omsk and the Omsk region during the 2020 epidemic. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective study of 68 children aged 1—18 years diagnosed with new coronavirus disease and receiving medical treatment in Infectious Diseases Hospital of City Children's Clinical Hospital № in Omsk between April and September 2020. In all children, the diagnosis was confirmed by examination of nasopharyngeal / oropharyngeal swabs for RNA SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. Results. Among those hospitalized prevailed children over 10 years old (61.7%), no reliable difference based on sex was observed. 83.8% of children contacted with COVID-19-infected people. Most children had the new coronavirus infection in mild form (61.8%) with upper respiratory tract damage. Pneumonia was recorded only in 16.2% of examined children over the age of 10. The key clinical symptoms in childhood were: yawn hyperemia, fever and cough. Impaired sense of smell in the form of hyposmia and anosmia developed only in children over the age of 10. Leukopenia detection in blood in moderate forms correlated with the presence of pneumonia. Conclusion. Given the mild course of COVID-19 in children, early isolation and treatment on an outpatient basis should be considered the most effective approach to patient management

Forest fire plumes sampled above Siberia during YAK-AEROSIB/POLARCAT airborne campaigns: properties and sources

International audienceThe composition of the Siberian troposphere remains highly unknown due to a lack of measurements in this area. Siberia is a key region for a quantified understanding of many land-atmosphere exchange processes. As an example, Siberian forest fire emissions are a major extratropical source of CO to the atmosphere. Fire-emitted trace gases and particles are subject to long-range transport and may contribute to pollution of nearby Arctic. However, establishing precise top-down estimates of sources strengths based on satellite or surface network measurements for species such as CO is limited by models' ability to represent sub-grid-scale dynamics associated to the wildfire (pyroconvection) and the injection height of the plume. In an experimental effort to address this issue and to increase our knowledge of the properties of the Siberian troposphere, CO, O3, CO2 and fine particles were measured onboard a research aircraft in the frame of the YAK-AEROSIB project, partially as a contribution to the Summer 2008 POLARCAT programme. Two large scale transects were established over Northern and Central Siberia between 7 and 21 July 2008. The aircraft flight pattern consisted of ramp ascents and descents so as to sample as many vertical profiles as possible. Very high CO concentrations were observed at various altitudes, essentially in Eastern Siberia near Yakutsk and Chokurdakh. The highest concentrations (up to 600ppb) were observed between 2 and 5 km (flight ceiling being at 7km) in very thin layers (few hundreds of m thick). A Lagrangian modelling analysis (FLEXPART) revealed that the aircraft sampled fire plumes from regional fire emissions, east of Yakutsk, after about 2 days of transport. The observed fire plumes are also characterized by anomalies in O3 and excess particle concentrations. These data provide new constraints on our understanding of forest fire plume transport. They also constitute a critical testbench for the models used to assess pyrogenic emissions and to predict transport of pollution to the Arctic and at the global scale